Architecture design of GPS software receiver and implementation of its acquisition algorithm with fine frequency estimation

The design of a global positioning system （GPS） software receiver is introduced. This design uses the concept of software radio, and it consists of the following parts： front-end, acquisition, tracking, synchronization, navigation solution and some assisting modules. In the acquisition module, the acquisition algorithm based on circular correlation is utilized. The input data and the local code are converted into the frequency domain by means of the fast Fourier transform （FFT）. After performing circular correlation, the initial phase of the C/A code can be obtained and the cartier frequency can be found in 1 kHz frequency resolution, which is too coarse to use for the tracking loop. In order to improve the frequency resolution, the fine frequency estimation through a phase relationship is then achieved, by which, the frequency resolution is improved dramatically. Experiments show that the inaccuracy of the carrier frequency can be estimated within a few hertz by the fine frequency estimation method, and the fine frequency attained can be directly used for the tracking loop.

Method of Jamming C/A Code GPS Receiver

The schemes and effects of electronically jamming GPS’s C/A code receivers are studied by using CW as the narrow band jamming signal and BPSK signal modulated by Gold code which is incoherent to that adopted by GPS as the wide band one. By simulating with Monte Carlo method and programming in Matlab language, the various jamming results in terms of bit error rate under several jamming scenarios are obtained. Through analyzing the simulation results and quantitative dependences of jamming effects on the distance from jammer to GPS receiver and the jammer’s height over ground, it is concluded that jamming with wide band jammer is much more effective than that with narrow band one.

基于GPS差分定位的变电站电磁干扰位置识别

由于变电站中各种设备的增加,会导致大量的电磁干扰产生,严重影响变电站的正常运行。为解决这一问题,设计一种基于全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)差分定位技术的变电站电磁干扰位置识别方法。设计电磁干扰采集平台,实现变电站电磁干扰信号的采集,并进行消噪处理与时域滤波处理。通过GPS差分定位技术实现变电站电磁干扰信号的位置识别。测试结果表明,该方法的单一干扰源平均定位误差低于20 cm,能够实现多干扰源的定位,同时对于较远距离的多干扰源有着较低的定位误差。

不同接收机天线相位中心改正模型对GPS/BDS精密定位的影响

针对国产不同品牌不同型号的地面接收机天线相位中心(antenna phase center,APC)模型及仪器厂商模型差异,本文分别采用相对定位及精密单点定位(precise single-point positioning,PPP)方法,分析了GPS/BDS高精度定位中基于不同APC改正模型引起的站点估计位置差异,获得了各不同天线APC改正模型对站点估计位置影响的平均差异值.试验结果表明:不同APC改正模型对站点定位精度的影响相当,对站点估计位置在平面方向影响较小,U方向影响较大;同一种类型的天线在不同实验区域造成的影响具有较好的一致性;同品牌天线对站点估计位置的影响有一定的相似性,尤其是同品牌系列产品其相位中心的影响更为接近.

BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合在峡谷河段的定位性能和精度

针对峡谷河段的不同卫星组合下网络实时动态(RTK)测试较少的情况,对三峡大坝至葛洲坝两坝间峡谷河段BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合下的流动站定位性能和精度进行测试。采取6种观测模式,测试内容为定位服务时效性、空间可用性和定位精度。结果表明,国产GNSS设备BDS网络RTK达到规范要求,固定解比例为98.1%,可以达到水平0.02 m、高程0.05 m的定位精度,一定程度上优于GPS。BDS和BDS/GLONASS双系统2种网络RTK在缺失或不使用GPS信号时,依然可提供高精度定位服务。组合定位能够弥补单一系统的不足,融合系统较各单系统均有不同程度的提高,BDS/GPS/GLONASS和BDS/GPS在定位服务时效性、空间可用性测试和定位精度方面均最优。

基于GPS与GLONASS信噪比反演海平面高度研究

为研究GPS和GLONASS各波段反演海平面高度中精度及时间分辨率等问题,选取SC02站2019年124—130年积日GPS L_(1) L_(2)波段及GLONASS G_(1) G_(2)波段SNR数据,采用多项式方法分解复合信号得到反射信号,利用LSP进行频谱分析,反演得到海平面高度。以该站附近验潮仪数据为真值,对GPS及GLONASS数据反演结果的精度及时间分辨率进行对比分析。结果表明:1)GPS与GLONASS均可用于海平面高度反演;2)GPS L_(1)波段反演结果精度与时间分辨率高于L_(2)波段;3)GPS与GLONASS可联合对海平面高度进行反演,且时间分辨率将会得到极大提升;4)GPS及GLONASS反演结果中均存在系统误差,在后续研究过程中需针对该方面进一步研究。

Design and realization of synchronization circuit for GPS software receiver based on FPGA

With research on the carrier phase synchronization and symbol synchronization algorithm of demodulation module, a synchronization circuit system is designed for GPS software receiver based on field programmable gate array （FPGA）, and a series of experiment is done on the hardware platform. The result shows the all-digital synchronization and demodulation of GPS intermediate frequency （IF） signal can be realized and applied in embedded real-time GPS software receiver system. It is verified that the decision-directed joint tracking algorithm of carrier phase and symbol timing for received signals from GPS is reasonable. In addition, the loop works steadily and can be used for receiving GPS signals using synchronous demodulation. The synchronization circuit for GPS software receiver designed based on FPGA has the features of low cost, miniaturization, low power and real-time. Surely, it will become one of the development directions for GPS and even GNSS embedded real-time software receiver.

Fast fine acquisition algorithm of GPS receiver aided by INS information

Acquisition time of global position system （GPS） receiver, which is the main factor contributes to time to first fix （TTFF）, can be shortened by estimating the Doppler frequency shift through external inertial navigation system （INS） information and almanac data and reducing the searching area. The traditional fast acquisition is analyzed, the fast acquisition of the GPS receiver aided is presented by INS information, and the signal is fine captured by spectrum zooming. Then the algorithm is simulated by sampled GPS intermediate frequency （IF） signal and the result verifies that this acquisition can dramatically improve the capability of GPS receiver and reduce its acquisition time.

Mathematical analyses of the GPS receiver interference tolerance and mean time to loss lock

In this paper, novel mathematical expressions are derived for the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver interference tolerance in the presence of different types of interference signals such as: continuous wave interference, narrowband interference, partial band interference, broadband interference, match spectrum interference and pulse interference. Also, in this paper the mean time to loss lock is determined in order to analyse the mentioned interferences effect on the GPS receiver. These derived analytical expressions are validated with the aid of extensive simulation experiments.

Localization of Small Mobile Robot by Low-Cost GPS Receiver

This article deals with a problem of the robot localization in the outdoor environment by using the GPS （global positioning system） data. In order to navigate the robot, it is necessary to transform the global position into the local map in the form of two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The transformation is based on the model of the Earth-WGS 84 reference ellipsoid. The aim of this article is to experimentally evaluate a set of low-cost GPS receivers applicable as position sensors for small outdoor mobile robots. The evaluation is based on series of measurements executed in different times and places. The measured data is processed by given procedure and acquired positions are transformed into the local coordinate system. Accordingly the accuracy of the measured positions is statistically evaluated. The evaluation of used GPS receivers is done by comparison with data acquired by high-end geodetic GPS system Leica 1200, which is used as a reference GPS system.

BeiDou、Galileo、GLONASS、GPS多系统融合精密单点

随着中国BeiDou系统与欧盟Galileo系统的出现以及俄罗斯GLONASS系统的恢复完善,过去单一的GPS导航卫星系统时代已经逐步过渡为多系统并存且相互兼容的全球性卫星导航系统（multi-constellation global navigation satellite systems,multi-GNSS）时代,多系统GNSS融合精密定位将成为未来GNSS精密定位技术的发展趋势。本文采用GPS、GLONASS、BeiDou、Galileo 4大卫星导航定位系统融合的精密单点定位（precise point positioning,PPP）实测数据,初步研究并分析了4系统融合PPP的定位性能。试验结果表明：在单系统观测几何构型不理想的区域,多系统融合能显著提高PPP的定位精度和收敛速度。4大系统融合的PPP收敛速度相对于单GNSS可提高30%~50%,定位精度可提高10%~30%,特别是对高程方向的贡献更为明显。此外,在卫星截止高度角大于30°的观测环境下,单系统由于可见卫星数不足导致无法连续定位,而多系统融合仍然可以获得PPP定位结果,尤其是水平方向具有较高的定位精度。这对于山区、城市以及遮挡严重的区域具有非常重要的应用价值。

单频GPS/GLONASS组合单点定位的精度评估

利用单频伪距观测值和广播星历数据,比较不同观测值权值下GPS/GLONASS组合单点定位的结果,并讨论大气误差对组合单点定位精度的影响。利用最小二乘和卡尔曼滤波两种算法进行单点定位计算,结果表明,组合定位单历元平面位置解精度优于2.5 m,高程方向精度优于4.5 m,24小时解3个坐标分量精度均优于1 m,对于该两种算法,组合定位与单独GPS定位相比精度均有不同程度的提高。

利用GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位方法估计天顶对流层延迟?

提出利用GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位方法估计天顶对流层延迟,并与GPS精密单点定位估计的天顶对流层延迟进行对比。将IGS提供的新对流层产品作为参考值来评价对流层延迟的精度。利用位于中国区域的三个IGS站一周的数据进行了试算,结果表明截止高度角和对流层参数波谱密度值的设置会对精密单点定位估计结果产生较大影响,相比GPS单系统,GPS/GLONASS双系统组合的估计结果与IGS产品符合得更好。

GPS/GLONASS组合定位中模糊度的处理

在对GPS/GLONASS组合定位的周跳探测和修复方法进行深入研究的基础上 ,论述了适合于两种数据联合解算的GPS/GLONASS模糊度迭代处理方法及相应的基于FARA方法的整周模糊度固定方法。在现有BERNESEVer 4 .0GPS数据处理软件的基础上 ,增加及改进了其中的若干模块 ,从而研制出组合定位系统高精度数据处理软件 ,并进行了试验计算。结果表明 ,所开发的组合定位系统数据处理软件内、外符合精度均达到mm级 ,证明了这种高精度相对定位理论、方法、软件的正确性和可行性。

复杂环境下的GPS/BDS/GLONASS结合的单频RTK定位性能研究

为考察GPS/BDS/GLONASS结合的单频RTK定位模式在复杂城市环境下的定位优势,该文在香港采集一个参考站和7个流动站的GNSS数据,通过LAMBDA模糊度搜索方法和R-ratio检验得到单系统、双系统、多系统GNSS单频RTK的定位精度,分析在复杂观测环境下不同系统单频RTK定位性能.结果表明:1)在良好的观测条件下,多系统定位精度最高,双系统次之,单系统最差,都能达到厘米级的定位精度;2)在复杂环境下,部分单系统单频RTK很难实现双差定位,总体上双系统比单系统定位精度高,GLONAS+BDS的定位精度最差,但都难以实现高精度定位;3)多系统单频RTK可定位精度最高,可用于高精度的城市导航定位;4)观测环境与GNSS单频RTK定位精度具有明显的相关性.

基于DREAMNET的GPS/BDS/GLONASS多系统网络RTK定位性能分析

随着BDS系统完成亚太地区组网、GLONASS系统再次实现满星座部署以及GPS系统的现代化,多系统集成已逐步成为网络RTK技术的发展趋势。本文结合笔者所在课题组自主研发的网络RTK数据处理系统DREAMNET,对不同卫星系统组合模式下的定位精度进行比较分析。试验结果表明,GPS/BDS/GLONASS网络RTK和GPS/BDS网络RTK的定位精度最高,GPS、BDS单系统网络RTK次之。此外,随着高度角的增加,GPS单系统网络RTK的可用性显著降低,而GPS/BDS/GLONASS网络RTK在高度角为40°时依然可以在99.84%的时间里提供水平精度0.01 m、高程精度0.025 m的定位服务。最后,对15 d的定位结果进行统计,包括不依赖GPS系统的BDS和BDS/GLONASS在内的6种组合方式皆可达到水平0.01 m、高程0.025 m的定位精度,其中GPS/BDS/GLONASS网络RTK则可以得到水平0.006 m、高程0.015 m的定位精度,证明DREAMNET的定位精度和稳定性完全可以满足测绘作业的需要。

Improved Circular Correlation Methods for Acquisition in Software GPS Receiver

In this paper the authors explore the Global Positioning System （GPS） signal acquisition and tracking algorithms used in software GPS receiver. Acquisition time is the most important parameter in evaluating the performance of a software GPS receiver in terms of its speed. A trade-off study is done to seek a good balance between the acquisition accuracy and the processing time. The frequency-domain acquisition method by circular correlation, used in a software GPS receiver, has been improved by studying the power spectrum of the Coarse Acquisition （C/A） code alone. The analysis of C/A code reveals that its power spectrum is symmetrical; hence only half the points are required to perform circular correlation. Besides, either half of the spectrum is asymmetrical where a larger amount of power is concentrated in almost one-quarter of the spectrum on its either sides. This further reduces the number of points used to perform correlation. Comparative results of MATLAB simulation of full-size, half-size and quarter-size circular correlation done on actual data stored on hard disk are provided, and they agree with those obtained using GPS receiver. Further reduction in acquisition time has been achieved by investigating the effect of length of the noncoherent pre-integration period. The improved acquisition methods pave way for further development of new algorithms to enhance software GPS receiver performance.

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位技术在三维水汽层析中的应用

提出利用GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位反演水汽的三维分布信息,并选用中国香港地区的12个CORS站6d的观测数据以及相应的COSMIC掩星产品共同进行试算。结果表明,与GPS精密单点定位相比,组合GPS/CLONASS精密单点定位反演水汽三维分布时,穿越层析网格的数目提高18%,精度提高约10%。

GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo组合RTK在不同截止高度角下定位性能分析

针对单系统RTK在有遮挡信号的环境中难以实现高精度定位的问题,提出使用GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo四系统组合RTK定位方法,并建立四系统伪距和载波相位双差非组合的数学模型,顾及GLONASS解算双差模糊度存在的频间偏差,利用LAMBDA模糊度搜索方法固定模糊度参数,用自主开发的软件对短基线数据进行双频RTK数据处理,获得不同卫星截止高度角下的定位结果并与单系统定位对比分析。实验结果表明,在40°大截止高度角下,四系统组合RTK定位能快速获得固定解,得到平面0.8 cm、高程3.3 cm的定位精度,改善遮挡信号区域RTK定位的连续性、可用性、可靠性和定位精度。

GPS／GLONASS定位系统融合的坐标转换研究

GPS和GLONASS卫星定位系统分别采用WGS-84和PZ-90坐标系。为统一两种卫星定位成果,欧、美、俄于20世纪90年代各自求出两坐标系之间的转换参数。目前三种参数尚未统一,对GPS/GLONASS联合定位造成较大影响。本文针对国外介绍PZ-90和WGS-84坐标系相互转换时常用的转换模型及三种不同转换参数进行比较分析。分别选用地面GPS参考站坐标和GLONASS卫星轨道坐标,用三种坐标转换参数进行转换,对转换结果差异及其对单点定位和相对定位精度造成的影响进行全面分析比较,得出一些有益结论。