Monitoring absolute vertical land motions and absolute sea-level changes from GPS and tide gauges data over French Polynesia

In this study,we estimate the absolute vertical land motions at three tidal stations with collocated Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)receivers over French Polynesia during the period 2007-2020,and obtain,as ancillary results,estimates of the absolute changes in sea level at the same locations.To verify our processing approach to determining vertical motion,we first modeled vertical motion at the International GNSS Service(IGS)THTI station located in the capital island of Tahiti and compared our estimate with previous independent determinations,with a good agreement.We obtained the following estimates for the vertical land motions at the tide gauges:Tubuai island,Austral Archipelago-0.92±0.17 mm/yr,Vairao village,Tahiti Iti:-0.49±0.39 mm/yr,Rikitea,Gambier Archipelago-0.43±0.17 mm/yr.The absolute variations of the sea level are:Tubuai island,Austral Archipelago 5.25±0.60 mm/yr,Vairao village,Tahiti Iti:3.62±0.52 mm/yr,Rikitea,Gambier Archipelago 1.52±0.23 mm/yr.We discuss these absolute values in light of the values obtained from altimetric measurements and other means in French Polynesia.

Research on Deformation Mode of the Longmenshan-Longriba Region Using GPS and Leveling Data

The Longmenshan-Longriba region is located on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and is an ideal place to study the eastward extrusion and uplift mechanism of the plateau. Previous studies on this area mainly focused on tectonic activity and seismic hazard, with few studies giving its overall deformation characteristics and dynamic mechanism. This paper uses the latest dense GPS data, combined with precise Leveling data to analyze the kinematic characteristics and deformation mode of the Longmenshan fault zone (LMSF) and the Longriba fault zone (LRBF). The results show that both the Longmenshan fault zone and the Longriba fault zone have certain right-lateral strike-slip and thrusting, indicating that they play an important role in adjusting strain distribution and absorbing tectonic deformation;The strain-rate field on the Longriba fault zone is broadly distributed, suggesting that the deformation field is at least partially coupled;while the strain-rate field on the Longmenshan fault zone presents a non-uniform distribution, indicating different dynamic sources acting on segments. The high strain rate areas revealed in this study points us to the high-risk area for future earthquakes. The present-day vertical motion velocity field in the region obtained from Leveling and GPS data shows a mismatch between the regional deformation field and active tectonics, which can be explained by the incomplete coupling of deformation between the lower and upper crust.

Comparative study on vertical deformation based on GPS and leveling data

The development of GPS(Global Positioning System) technology has led to increasingly widely and successful applications of GPS surveys for monitoring crustal movements. However, multi-period GPS survey solutions have not been applied in monitoring vertical crustal movements with normal backgrounds. In this paper, we carried out a comparative study on the vertical deformation of the comprehensive profile of the cross-fault zone in Shanyin, Shanxi province, China, based on GPS and precise leveling observation data for multiple time periods. The vertical deformation rates observed with repeating GPS survey are obviously different(over 20 mm/y at some sites) from those with repeating leveling survey within a relatively short period. However, the deviations in the vertical displacement between GPS and leveling in a long-term survey(over three years) showed good consistency at 3-4 mm/y at most sites, on GPS forced offset surveying and fixed survey instruments in a long-term survey(over three years). Therefore, GPS vertical displacement results can be applied to the study of vertical crustal movements.

一种车辆GPS轨迹数据的改进地图匹配算法

文中提出一种车辆GPS轨迹数据的改进地图匹配算法.以车辆GPS轨迹数据进行隐马尔可夫模型动态地图匹配后的缓冲区内候选路径为初始群体,以遗传算法中的改进的适应度函数为基准进行半交叉迭代,选择车辆轨迹更优的匹配路径;设计了改进地图匹配方法的算法流程;利用微软亚洲团队的GeoLift轨迹数据集验证了改进方法的有效性.

基于GPS数据的实验室制氢废液污染实时监测

为了提高制氢废液污染监测效果,文中提出基于GPS数据的实验室制氢废液污染实时监测方法。利用GPS系统采集污染数据,通过串口读取GPS数据,定位污染位置。以降低监测能耗为目的,采用在线监测机制和短信通知监测相互转换形式实现实验室制氢废液污染实时监测。结合GPS、GPRS、GIS三种技术对监测所得数据进行管理与分析,为实验室制氢废液污染治理提供技术支持。通过实际应用结果表明,文中设计方法监测能耗较低,安全性强,监测数据传输效率较高,证明所提方法具有较好的应用性能,可用于实验室制氢废液污染的实时监测。

Deformation Evolution Characteristics Revealed by GPS and Cross-fault Leveling Data before the M_S8. 0 Wenchuan Earthquake

Based on GPS velocity during 1999-2007,GPS baseline time series on large scale during1999-2008 and cross-fault leveling data during 1985-2008,the paper makes some analysis and discussion to study and summarize the movement,tectonic deformation and strain accumulation evolution characteristics of the Longmenshan fault and the surrounding area before the MS8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake,as well as the possible physical mechanism late in the seismic cycle of the Wenchuan earthquake. Multiple results indicate that:GPS velocity profiles show that obvious continuous deformation across the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake was distributed across a zone at least 500 km wide,while there was little deformation in Sichuan Basin and Longmenshan fault zone,which means that the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides energy accumulation for locked Longmenshan fault zone continuously. GPS strain rates show that the east-west compression deformation was larger in the northwest of the mid-northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone,and deformation amplitude decreased gradually from far field to near fault zone,and there was little deformation in fault zone. The east-west compression deformation was significant surrounding the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone,and strain accumulation rate was larger than that of mid-northern segment.Fault locking indicates nearly whole Longmenshan fault was locked before the earthquake except the source of the earthquake which was weakly locked,and a 20 km width patch in southwestern segment between 12 km to 22. 5 km depth was in creeping state. GPS baseline time series in northeast direction on large scale became compressive generally from 2005 in the North-South Seismic Belt,which reflects that relative compression deformation enhances. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate and deformation trend accumulation rate in the Longmenshan fault zone were little,which indicates that vertical activity near the fault was very weak and the fault was tightly locked. According to analyses of GPS and cross-fault leveling data before the Wenchuan earthquake,we consider that the Longmenshan fault is tightly locked from the surface to the deep,and the horizontal and vertical deformation are weak surrounding the fault in relatively small-scale crustal deformation. The process of weak deformation may be slow,and weak deformation area may be larger when large earthquake is coming. Continuous and slow compression deformation across eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake provides dynamic support for strain accumulation in the Longmenshan fault zone in relative large-scale crustal deformation.

Estimation of Subsidence in Po Delta Area (Northern Italy) by Integration of GPS Data, High-Precision Leveling and Archival Orthometric Elevations

Subsidence in a deformation area can be measured in various ways, examples being conventional high-precision leveling, differential InSAR and multi-temporal GPS surveys. Integration of methods can improve results, and is crucial to extract high-precision data. In particular, orthometric and ellipsoid elevations, surveyed at different moments in time, can be compared to yield information on vertical movements when geoid anomalies are known. However, a data checking procedure must be applied if archival orthometric elevations are used, because long-term measurements for many historical benchmarks may have been lost and/or replaced with other points, but at different elevations. This type of checking can be carried out over an area without gravimetric anomalies by modeling geoid undulations and vertical displacements in the time-span used for analysis, excluding points with anomalous values. This procedure was tested and applied in the Po Delta area (northern Italy), historically subject to high subsidence rates: the leveling benchmarks of 1983 were measured with the GPS technique in 2008. After checking of archival data and transformation from ellipsoid to orthometric elevations, comparisons of the same points and interpolations on the study area provided a subsidence map for the 1983-2008 period.

基于FPGA的雷达/GPS数据融合存储系统设计

现阶段高速测绘成像雷达回波信号数据量大、传输速率快,完整的实时存储高精度GPS信息的雷达数据是测绘成像的关键,面对此类系统要求满足高精度、数据融合编帧、大容量、高速度、全程准确存储等一系列问题,该文设计一种高速雷达融合数据接口控制存储系统。该系统主控模块以FPGA作为主控芯片,接收10路30 MB/s的LVDS数据和1路GPS串口数据,并进行组合编帧,打包数据通过以太网发送给上位机,最后通过LabView上位机软件将数据存储在硬盘内。最终通过试验验证,可以完整无误地将融合采编数据存储在硬盘内。

Methodology for local correction of the heights of global geoid models to improve the accuracy of GNSS leveling

At present,one of the methods used to determine the height of points on the Earth’s surface is Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)leveling.It is possible to determine the orthometric or normal height by this method only if there is a geoid or quasi-geoid height model available.This paper proposes the methodology for local correction of the heights of high-order global geoid models such as EGM08,EIGEN-6C4,GECO,and XGM2019e_2159.This methodology was tested in different areas of the research field,covering various relief forms.The dependence of the change in corrected height accuracy on the input data was analyzed,and the correction was also conducted for model heights in three tidal systems:"tide free","mean tide",and"zero tide".The results show that the heights of EIGEN-6C4 model can be corrected with an accuracy of up to 1 cm for flat and foothill terrains with the dimensionality of 1°×1°,2°×2°,and 3°×3°.The EGM08 model presents an almost identical result.The EIGEN-6C4 model is best suited for mountainous relief and provides an accuracy of 1.5 cm on the 1°×1°area.The height correction accuracy of GECO and XGM2019e_2159 models is slightly poor,which has fuzziness in terms of numerical fluctuation.

基于GPS数据的高速公路行程时间估计与可靠性分析

准确地进行高速公路行程时间估计与可靠性分析对交通规划与缓解交通拥堵具有重要意义。针对目前行程时间估计准确性不高、可靠性分析不够全面的问题,提出基于BP神经网络的高速公路行程时间估计模型,并利用该模型计算的行程时间分析高速公路上车辆行驶的行程时间可靠性。以广州机场高速公路GPS浮动车数据为例进行实例验证,结果表明,与速度-时间积分法和位置-时间内插法相比,本文提出的模型提高了行程时间估计的准确度,同时能多方面地分析车辆行程时间的可靠性。

复杂环境下结合EMD的GPS-IR水位反演方法

利用法国布雷斯特(Brest)港BRST测站和英国塞文大桥监测系统GNSS双频观测数据,分别在静态和高动态环境下进行GPS-IR水位反演,探究传统GNSS监测系统进行水位反演的可行性与精度.结果表明:L1波段反演精度高于L2波段;在静态场景下,GPS-IR水位反演结果与验潮站数据相关系数大于0.98,在高动态场景下,桥梁GPS-IR水位反演精度稍低.利用经验模态分解(EMD)方法对算法进行改进,提高了在桥梁复杂环境下GPS-IR水位反演结果的精度,均方根误差(RMSE)相比经典方法降低约50%.本文方法提高了GPS-IR技术在不同水域环境下的适用性,在水位监测中具有很好的应用前景.

Vertical deformation analysis based on combined adjustment for GNSS and leveling data

A method is proposed to fuse the velocity data of the global navigation satellite system(GNSS) and leveling height via combined adjustment with constraints. First, stable GNSS-leveling points are uniformly selected, and the constraints of the geodetic height change velocity and normal height change velocity are given. Then, the GNSS vertical velocities and leveling height difference are used as observations of combined adjustment, and robust least-squares estimation are used to estimate the velocities of the unknown points. Finally, a vertical movement model is established with the GNSS vertical velocities and leveling vertical velocities obtained via combined adjustment. Data from the second-order leveling network and GNSS control points in Shandong Province are taken as test data, and eight calculation schemes are used for discussion. One of the schemes, the bifactor robust combined adjustment method based on variance component estimation with two kinds of vertical velocity constraints achieves the optimal results. The method applied in the scheme can be recommended for data fusion of GNSS and leveling, further improving the reliability of vertical crustal movement in Shandong Province.

基于GPS双定位的智慧接地线定位系统

复杂电网结构的智慧接地线定位过程会受到其他线路的干扰,导致定位结果差,设计一种基于GPS双定位的智慧接地线抗干扰定位系统。对单片机处理器内部组成进行优化,在其中嵌入GPS定位模块和GSM定位模块,并分析了双定位模块的有关参数。计算不同信号所对应的载波相位与时间差,根据GPS/GSM双定位系统的信息接收模式进行数据信息融合,优化定位流程。系统性能测试结果表明,与传统定位系统相比,定位误差更小,定位精度更高,具有一定优越性。

基于卡尔曼滤波的北斗/GPS双模数据融合轨迹定位

全球卫星导航系统中,高精度定位是关键的性能指标之一。目前,我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统(以下简称:BDS)与美国主导的全球卫星定位系统(GPS)处于世界领先地位。虽然其定位精度较高,但硬件级系统的固有问题,使定位仍然存在误差。该项目基于卡尔曼滤波法,通过双模定位模块,将BDS与GPS的定位数据进行融合,极大地提高了定位精度,降低了误差。

基于GPS与手机信令数据的上海货运枢纽交通特征研究

针对传统道路货运调查抽样率较低、调查成本较高、时效性较差,难以反映货运枢纽集散过程连续性和关联性特征的问题,基于货运交通流自有的时间序列特性,提出12t及以上货车GPS与道路匹配的方法和运用手机信数据令识别货车司机的方法,并给出数据模型结构和算法关键步骤。结论表明,用2种数据分析方法得到货运枢纽交通来源去向分布、集散路径及车速特征,与上海市交通运行年报反映的道路货运发展现状相符,通过手机信令数据识别出的货车司机人数与实际数量相当,所提出的货车集散路径算法具有准确性和实用性,为摸清货运枢纽道路交通空间利用状况,提高货运系统规划及运营管理水平提供技术支撑。

基于GPS授时的通信电源数据同步采集系统设计

为解决当前通信电源数据采集系统时效性较差、时间同步精度较低的问题,引入全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)授时,提出一种全新的通信电源数据同步采集系统。通过设计系统的硬件配置,搭建良好的硬件环境。在此基础上,设计系统采集数据包协议;利用GPS授时,设计数据采集时间同步逻辑;利用数据采集节点,采集并处理通信电源数据;建立同步数据库,对采集的通信电源数据进行有效的管理与存储。测试结果表明,应用该系统后,在通信电源数据量持续增加的情况下,系统时间同步精度始终达到98%以上,性能优势显著。

结合GPS/Leveling和正高改正确定GPS常年观测站正高

利用精密几何水准测量结合GPS/Leveling方法计算韩国行政自治部管辖内30所GPS常年观测站天线基准点的正高。并联合进行对水准点和GPS常年观测站偏心点的重力测量,使用正高改正方法计算出其改正量,提高正高的精确度。

安全壳喷淋泵试验卸载时间超差原因分析及GPS校时模块应用优化

压水堆核电机组的计算机系统担负着对各个系统数据采集并送到主控室显示、对现场设备进行监测的重要任务。其中高精度时间显示作为核安全相关设备定期试验的重要参考依据,往往成为试验是否合格的关键。例如在执行应急柴油发电机组低负荷运行性能试验期间,多次出现了安全壳喷淋系统泵试验卸载时间超差的情况,导致该试验结果不合格。本文通过对秦山第二核电厂3、4号机组核电厂计算机系统数据采集监督的问题进行分析与探讨,找出了安全壳喷淋系统泵试验卸载时间不合格的根本原因,并制定了解决方案,最终通过分析与验证,该方案是合理可行的。

Present-day 3D deformation field of Northeast China,observed by GPS and leveling

A broad view of present-day 3D deformation field around the Northeast China region was derived from GPS and leveling observations. We draw the following conclusions： First, the Northeast China region moved towards northwest with an average velocity of 5 ram/a, with respect to South China. The entire Northeast China region was in a low strain state from the strain rate field. Second, we processed two periods of first- order leveling data in 1970s and 1990s, showing the vertical deformation of the Northeast China region is ＂uplift in western part and subsidence in eastern part＇

On the Accuracy Assessment of the Latest Releases of GOCE Satellite-Based Geopotential Models with EGM2008 and Terrestrial GPS/Levelling and Gravity Data over Egypt

The Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) of GOCE (Gravity Recovery and steady- state Ocean Circulation Explorer) differ globally as well as regionally in their accuracy and resolution based on the maximum degree and order (d/o) of the fully normalized spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients, which express each GGM. The main idea of this study is to compare the free-air gravity anomalies and quasi geoid heights determined from several recent GOCE-based GGMs with the corresponding ones from the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008) over Egypt on the one hand and with ground-based measurements on the other hand. The results regarding to the comparison of GOCE-based GGMs with terrestrial gravity and GPS/levelling data provide better improvement with respect to EGM2008. The 4th release GOCE-based GGM developed with the use of space-wise solution strategy (SPW_R4) approximates the gravity field well over the Egyptian region. The SPW_R4 model is accordingly suggested as a reference model for recovering the long wavelength (up to SH d/o 200) components of quasi geoid heights when modelling the gravimetric quasi-geoid over the Egypt. Finally, three types of transformation models: Four-, Five- and Seven-parameter transformations have been applied to reduce the data biases and to provide a better fitting of quasi geoid heights obtained from the studied GOCE-based GGMs to those from GPS/levelling data. These models reveal that the standard deviation of vertical datum over Egypt is at the level of about 32 cm.