GSM技术在灌溉机组远程控制中的应用

基于GSM通信技术设计一种灌溉机组远程控制系统。当需要进行灌溉系统远程控制时,利用移动终端或系统监控平台发送灌溉控制指令,控制系统当中的GSM通信模块将控制指令传输至微处理控制器,进行灌溉控制模块的驱动和触发,实现灌溉机组远程控制。试验结果表明:远程控制系统能够根据控制指令进行相关动作的控制和执行,且具有较高的通信可靠性。

基于置信度和期望传播的GSM-OTFS信号检测算法

结合正交时频空(OTFS)技术与广义空间调制(GSM),提出混合置信度(EP)和期望传播(BP)的EP-BP信号检测算法.该算法将离散概率分布投影到多元复高斯分布函数中,通过均值向量和协方差矩阵的迭代传递计算出GSM发射符号置信度.为了降低计算复杂度,设计了两阶段的TS-EP-BP信号检测算法:第1阶段通过EPBP确定激活天线组合,第2阶段将因子图中的矢量变量节点(VN)分离为多个子VN,并剪除无效子VN.考虑调制符号独立于激活天线,采用一元复高斯分布函数近似以大幅度减少符号置信度计算次数.通过仿真对不同条件下不同算法的误码率进行对比,结果表明,所提EP-BP和TS-EP-BP算法具有较优的误码率性能,尤其TS-EPBP算法可以通过改变第1阶段的最大迭代次数来灵活地平衡误码率性能和计算复杂度.

基于ATmega16与GSM的远程温湿度监测系统

为满足人们对环境温湿度的智能监测需求,文章采用ATmega16单片机,并结合温湿度采集模块、GSM模块、显示模块及外围报警电路与按键电路,设计了一个远程温湿度监测系统原型。经实际测试,系统可实时检测与显示环境温湿度信息,当温湿度值超出预设阈值范围时,会向用户手机发送报警短信息,可应用于个人及单位对温湿度有特殊要求的场景。

高速铁路长大隧道GSM-R网络冗余组网方案分析

高速铁路长大隧道需要按照GSM-R冗余组网方案进行覆盖。目前GSM-R网络可采用数字直放站与分布式基站作为数字中继设备,两种设备均有多种组网方案。从故障应对能力、载频利用率、建设成本等多个角度开展分析,对比多种高速铁路隧道内GSM-R数字中继设备冗余组网方案,提出各种方案的适用范围和性能优劣。

Traction power systems for electrified railways:evolution,state of the art,and future trends

Traction power systems(TPSs)play a vital role in the operation of electrified railways.The transformation of conventional railway TPSs to novel structures is not only a trend to promote the development of electrified railways toward high-efficiency and resilience but also an inevitable requirement to achieve carbon neutrality target.On the basis of sorting out the power supply structures of conventional AC and DC modes,this paper first reviews the characteristics of the existing TPSs,such as weak power supply flexibility and low-energy efficiency.Furthermore,the power supply structures of various TPSs for future electrified railways are described in detail,which satisfy longer distance,low-carbon,high-efficiency,high-reliability and high-quality power supply requirements.Meanwhile,the application prospects of different traction modes are discussed from both technical and economic aspects.Eventually,this paper introduces the research progress of mixed-system electrified railways and traction power supply technologies without catenary system,speculates on the future development trends and challenges of TPSs and predicts that TPSs will be based on the continuous power supply mode,employing power electronic equipment and intelligent information technology to construct a railway comprehensive energy system with renewable energy.

CTCS-3线路GSM-R网络运维质量评价体系研究

针对高速铁路GSM-R网络承载行车通信业务的特点,分析CTCS-3线路GSM-R网络运维质量评价思路,提出CTCS-3线路GSM-R网络运维质量评价体系,通过GSM-R网络运行数据进行计算得出评价结果,综合反映出CTCS-3线路GSM-R网络运维质量状况。

Deformation monitoring of long-span railway bridges based on SBAS-InSAR technology

The deformation monitoring of long-span railway bridges is significant to ensure the safety of human life and property.The interferometric synthetic aperture radar(In SAR)technology has the advantage of high accuracy in bridge deformation monitoring.This study monitored the deformation of the Ganjiang Super Bridge based on the small baseline subsets(SBAS)In SAR technology and Sentinel-1A data.We analyzed the deformation results combined with bridge structure,temperature,and riverbed sediment scouring.The results are as follows:(1)The Ganjiang Super Bridge area is stable overall,with deformation rates ranging from-15.6 mm/yr to 10.7 mm/yr(2)The settlement of the Ganjiang Super Bridge deck gradually increases from the bridge tower toward the main span,which conforms to the typical deformation pattern of a cable-stayed bridge.(3)The sediment scouring from the riverbed cause the serious settlement on the bridge’s east side compared with that on the west side.(4)The bridge deformation negatively correlates with temperature,with a faster settlement at a higher temperature and a slow rebound trend at a lower temperature.The study findings can provide scientific data support for the health monitoring of long-span railway bridges.

A review of artificial intelligence applications in high-speed railway systems

In recent years,the global surge of High-speed Railway(HSR)revolutionized ground transportation,providing secure,comfortable,and punctual services.The next-gen HSR,fueled by emerging services like video surveillance,emergency communication,and real-time scheduling,demands advanced capabilities in real-time perception,automated driving,and digitized services,which accelerate the integration and application of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in the HSR system.This paper first provides a brief overview of AI,covering its origin,evolution,and breakthrough applications.A comprehensive review is then given regarding the most advanced AI technologies and applications in three macro application domains of the HSR system:mechanical manufacturing and electrical control,communication and signal control,and transportation management.The literature is categorized and compared across nine application directions labeled as intelligent manufacturing of trains and key components,forecast of railroad maintenance,optimization of energy consumption in railroads and trains,communication security,communication dependability,channel modeling and estimation,passenger scheduling,traffic flow forecasting,high-speed railway smart platform.Finally,challenges associated with the application of AI are discussed,offering insights for future research directions.

面向铁路5G-R和GSM-R系统的SPN承载方案研究与试验

基于铁路5G-R、GSM-R系统业务场景和全球商用部署的SPN创新承载技术,面向铁路5G-R系统特殊应用,建立小颗粒硬管道业务模型和L3VPN到边缘的分组业务模型,提出采用SPN双平面组网并综合承载现网GSM-R业务的E1CBROver小颗粒硬管道方案。SPN综合承载方案满足5G-R、GSM-R系统铁路行车控制类业务高可靠、高安全的硬隔离承载需求,以及5G-R系统大带宽视频数据业务灵活调度、智能运维的演进需求。提出的方案已完成基于SPN的5G-R、GSM-R基站和核心网端到端功能及可靠性试验验证,试验结果指标优于标准要求,证明面向铁路5G-R、GSM-R系统的SPN综合承载方案安全可行。

铁路GSM-R系统高速适应性测试及分析

400 km/h的高速铁路技术储备研发可以推动我国高铁的科技创新。高速条件下的服务质量直接关系着业务性能的优劣,而CSD承载的列控业务和GPRS承载的调度命令信息传送业务均涉及列车的运行控制和运营指挥,会对高速列车的行车安全产生重要影响。目前,我国尚未有针对400 km/h的GSM-R系统服务质量参数的评价标准,为保障业务质量和行车安全,采集了不同速度下铁路GSM-R系统服务质量指标试验数据--最小可用接收电平、列控类电路数据和GPRS数据,通过数据分析和理论分析,对这3类指标的传输特性进行研究,得到铁路GSM-R系统在400 km/h的高速适应性结果。结果表明,对于高速铁路GSM-R系统,最小接收电平目前为-92 dBm,在380 km/h等级时需修改为-81 dBm,在400 km/h等级时需修改为-79 dBm;列控类电路数据和GPRS数据传输特性高速适应性较强,均已满足相关标准要求。研究结果为400 km/h的GSM-R系统关键技术参数的评价标准的制定奠定重要基础,为未来高速铁路下一步提速提供参考。

A discussion about the limitations of the Eurocode’s high-speed load model for railway bridges

High-speed railway bridges are subjected to normative limitations concerning maximum permissible deck accelerations.For the design of these structures,the European norm EN 1991-2 introduces the high-speed load model(HSLM)—a set of point loads intended to include the effects of existing high-speed trains.Yet,the evolution of current trains and the recent development of new load models motivate a discussion regarding the limits of validity of the HSLM.For this study,a large number of randomly generated load models of articulated,conventional,and regular trains are tested and compared with the envelope of HSLM effects.For each type of train,two sets of 100,000 load models are considered:one abiding by the limits of the EN 1991-2 and another considering wider limits.This comparison is achieved using both a bridge-independent metric(train signatures)and dynamic analyses on a case study bridge(the Canelas bridge of the Portuguese Railway Network).For the latter,a methodology to decrease the computational cost of moving loads analysis is introduced.Results show that some theoretical load models constructed within the stipulated limits of the norm can lead to effects not covered by the HSLM.This is especially noted in conventional trains,where there is a relation with larger distances between centres of adjacent vehicle bogies.

Research on digital twin technology and its application in intelligent operation and maintenance of highspeed railway infrastructure

Purpose–This paper analyzes the application of digital twin technology in the field of intelligent operation and maintenance of high-speed railway infrastructure from the perspective of top-level design.Design/methodology/approach–This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the definition,connotations,characteristics and key technologies of digital twin technology.It also conducts a thorough analysis of the current state of digital twin applications,with a particular focus on the overall requirements for intelligent operation and maintenance of high-speed railway infrastructure.Using the Jinan Yellow River Bridge on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway as a case study,the paper details the construction process of the twin system from the perspectives of system architecture,theoretical definition,model construction and platform design.Findings–Digital twin technology can play an important role in the whole life cycle management,fault prediction and condition monitoring in the field of high-speed rail operation and maintenance.Digital twin technology is of great significance to improve the intelligent level of high-speed railway operation and management.Originality/value–This paper systematically summarizes the main components of digital twin railway.The general framework of the digital twin bridge is given,and its application in the field of intelligent operation and maintenance is prospected.

Unraveling engineering disturbance effects on deformation in red-bed mudstone railway cuttings:incorporating crack-facilitated moisture diffusion

Red-bed mudstone, prevalent in southwest China, poses a formidable challenge due to its hydrophilic clay minerals, resulting in expansion, deformation, and cracking upon exposure to moisture. This study addresses uplift deformation disasters in high-speed railways by employing a moisture diffusion-deformation-fracture coupling model based on the finite-discrete element method(FDEM). The model integrates the influence of cracks on moisture diffusion. The investigation into various excavation depths reveals a direct correlation between depth and the formation of tensile cracks at the bottom of the railway cutting. These cracks expedite moisture migration, significantly impacting the temporal and spatial evolution of the moisture field. Additionally, crack expansion dominates hygroscopic deformation, with the lateral coordinate of the crack zone determining peak vertical displacement. Furthermore, key factors influencing deformation in railway cuttings, including the swelling factor and initial moisture content at the bottom of the cutting, are explored. The number of tensile and shear cracks increases with greater excavation depth, particularly concerning shear cracks. Higher swelling factors and initial moisture contents result in an increased total number of cracks, predominantly shear cracks. Numerical calculations provide valuable insights, offering a scientific foundation and directional guidance for the precise prevention, control, prediction, and comprehensive treatment of mudstone-related issues in high-speed railways.

A Railway Fastener Inspection Method Based on Abnormal Sample Generation

Regular fastener detection is necessary to ensure the safety of railways.However,the number of abnormal fasteners is significantly lower than the number of normal fasteners in real railways.Existing supervised inspectionmethods have insufficient detection ability in cases of imbalanced samples.To solve this problem,we propose an approach based on deep convolutional neural networks(DCNNs),which consists of three stages:fastener localization,abnormal fastener sample generation based on saliency detection,and fastener state inspection.First,a lightweight YOLOv5s is designed to achieve fast and precise localization of fastener regions.Then,the foreground clip region of a fastener image is extracted by the designed fastener saliency detection network(F-SDNet),combined with data augmentation to generate a large number of abnormal fastener samples and balance the number of abnormal and normal samples.Finally,a fastener inspection model called Fastener ResNet-8 is constructed by being trained with the augmented fastener dataset.Results show the effectiveness of our proposed method in solving the problem of sample imbalance in fastener detection.Qualitative and quantitative comparisons show that the proposed F-SDNet outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in clip region extraction,reaching MAE and max F-measure of 0.0215 and 0.9635,respectively.In addition,the FPS of the fastener state inspection model reached 86.2,and the average accuracy reached 98.7%on 614 augmented fastener test sets and 99.9%on 7505 real fastener datasets.

Formation and ecological response of sand patches in the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,China

The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses a threat to both stability and sustainability.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the morphology,dynamic changes,and ecological responses associated with these sand patches.Therefore,we analyzed the formation and development process of sand patches within the protection system and its effects on herbaceous vegetation growth and soil nutrients through field observation,survey,and indoor analysis methods.The results showed that sand patch development can be divided into three stages,i.e.,formation,expansion,and stabilization,which correspond to the initial,actively developing,and semi-fixed sand patches,respectively.The average dimensions of all sand patch erosional areas were found to be 7.72 m in length,3.91 m in width,and 0.32 m in depth.The actively developing sand patches were the largest,and the initial sand patches were the smallest.Throughout the stage of formation and expansion,the herbaceous community composition changed,and the plant density decreased by more than 50.95%.Moreover,the coverage and height of herbaceous plants decreased in the erosional area and slightly increased in the depositional lobe;and the fine particles and nutrients of soils in the erosional area and depositional lobe showed a decreasing trend.In the stabilization phases of sand patches,the area from the inlet to the bottom of sand patches becomes initially covered with crusts.Vegetation and 0-2 cm surface soil condition improved in the erosional area,but this improvement was not yet evident in the depositional lobe.Factors such as disturbance,climate change,and surface resistance to erosion exert notable influences on the formation and dynamics of sand patches.The results can provide evidence for the future treatment of sand patches and the management of the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway.

Influence of pier height on the safety of trains running on high-speed railway bridges during earthquakes

Sudden earthquakes pose a threat to the running safety of trains on high-speed railway bridges,and the stiffness of piers is one of the factors affecting the dynamic response of train-track-bridge system.In this paper,a experiment of a train running on a high-speed railway bridge is performed based on a dynamic experiment system,and the corresponding numerical model is established.The reliability of the numerical model is verified by experiments.Then,the experiment and numerical data are analyzed to reveal the pier height effects on the running safety of trains on bridges.The results show that when the pier height changes,the frequency of the bridge below the 30 m pier height changes greater;the increase of pier height causes the transverse fundamental frequency of the bridge close to that of the train,and the shaking angle and lateral displacement of the train are the largest for bridge with 50 m pier,which increases the risk of derailment;with the pier height increases from 8 m to 50 m,the derailment coefficient obtained by numerical simulations increases by 75% on average,and the spectral intensity obtained by experiments increases by 120% on average,two indicators exhibit logarithmic variation.

Research on the path of effective management of participation in joint-venture railway companies by China railway group

Purpose-Following the regional restructuring,the number of joint-venture railway companies in which the Group participates has significantly increased.This paper aims to explore the challenges faced by China Railway Group in managing participation in joint-venture railway companies.The study seeks to propose specific approaches to ensure the effective management of these companies,thereby maximizing the benefits of the regional restructuring and supporting the development of a strong transportation country and a modern infrastructure system.Design/methodology/approach-Based on the change in the shareholding relationship between China Railway Group and the joint-venture railway companies,and considering the current situation of the regional restructuring of these companies,as well as the insights from existing literature and typical case studies,this paper proposes some specific paths for effective management of joint-stock railway companies which China Railway Group participated in.Findings-The problems in participation management are the unclear dual leadership role of the party committee,the lack of discourse power,the lack of synergy between shareholders,the increasing risk of sustainable operation of the loss-making companies and the role of dispatched personnel is not fully played.Based on the theories,combined with the existing research and practical cases,the paper proposed specific approaches,such as perfecting top-level system design,maintaining the discourse power,carrying out differentiated management,arranging personnel rationally,arranging shareholders synergy,and innovating methods to provide references for China Railway Group’s subsequent management of joint venture railway companies.Originality/value-This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by China Railway Group in managing participation in joint-venture railway companies following the regional restructuring.The study offers novel insights and practical recommendations for addressing these challenges.The findings can serve as valuable references for China Railway Group’s subsequent management of joint-venture railway companies which participated in,as well as for other stateowned enterprises facing similar challenges in managing their joint ventures.

Fault Diagnosis Scheme for Railway Switch Machine Using Multi-Sensor Fusion Tensor Machine

Railway switch machine is essential for maintaining the safety and punctuality of train operations.A data-driven fault diagnosis scheme for railway switch machine using tensor machine and multi-representation monitoring data is developed herein.Unlike existing methods,this approach takes into account the spatial information of the time series monitoring data,aligning with the domain expertise of on-site manual monitoring.Besides,a multi-sensor fusion tensor machine is designed to improve single signal data’s limitations in insufficient information.First,one-dimensional signal data is preprocessed and transformed into two-dimensional images.Afterward,the fusion feature tensor is created by utilizing the images of the three-phase current and employing the CANDE-COMP/PARAFAC(CP)decomposition method.Then,the tensor learning-based model is built using the extracted fusion feature tensor.The developed fault diagnosis scheme is valid with the field three-phase current dataset.The experiment indicates an enhanced performance of the developed fault diagnosis scheme over the current approach,particularly in terms of recall,precision,and F1-score.

Field survey and analysis on near-fault severely damaged high-speed railway bridge in 2022 M6.9 Menyuan earthquake

The 2022 M6.9 Menyuan earthquake caused severe damage to a high-speed railway bridge,which was designed for high-speed trains running at speeds of above 250 km/h and is located right next to the fault.Bridges of this type have been widely used for rapidly constructing the high-speed railway network,but few bridges have been tested by near-fault devastating earthquakes.The potential severe impact of the earthquake on the high-speed railway is not only the safety of the infrastructure,trains and passengers,but also economic loss due to interrupted railway use.Therefore,a field survey was carried out immediately after the earthquake to collect time-sensitive data.The damage to the bridge was carefully investigated,and quantitative analyses were conducted to better understand the mechanism of the bridge failure.It was found that seismic action perpendicular to the bridge’s longitudinal direction caused severe damage to the girders and rails,while none of the piers showed obvious deformation or cracking.The maximum values of transverse displacement,out-of-plane rotation and twisting angle of girders reached 212.6 cm,3.1 degrees and 19.9 degrees,respectively,causing severe damage to the bearing supports and anti-seismic retaining blocks.These observations provide a basis for improving the seismic design of high-speed railway bridges located in near-fault areas.

基于GSM短信模块的家庭防护报警系统的设计

随着电子技术的日益发展,各行各业都结合电子技术为自己的产业赋能。人身以及财产安全一直以来都是至关重要的,很多研究者都在该方面力争做出与众不同的研究。针对近些年来家庭安全方面的问题,例如入室盗窃、火灾或者燃气泄漏带来的危害。本论文设计了一套基于单片机和GSM短信模块组成的监控系统。该系统采用现阶段非常成熟的GSM移动网络为传输媒介,以主动式红外传感器、火灾报警器以及烟雾传感器为前端传感器进行信息的采集。最后以非常简便的方式将报警信息推送到家庭成员的手机上。从而实现防盗、防火、防燃气泄漏的作用,让整个家庭更安全。