突加不平衡下GTF发动机转子系统瞬态响应分析

针对GTF发动机低压转子系统突加不平衡瞬态响应问题,基于有限元法建立了考虑啮合单元、行星架单元、膜盘联轴器单元的多体接触、多转子耦合动力学模型,介绍了考虑非线性因素下突加不平衡瞬态响应计算方法,求解了低压转子系统的突加不平衡瞬态响应,并分析了关键部件刚度对突加不平衡的影响规律。结果表明:当风扇转子发生突加不平衡时,各部件均表现为振动幅值突增,后迅速趋于稳定,低压涡轮转子发生明显拍振,突加不平衡载荷主要由行星架结构和第1.5支点刚性支承承担;行星架刚度主要影响风扇转子突加不平衡响应、第1.5支点和行星架处的外传力;膜盘联轴器刚度主要影响增压级突加不平衡响应、转子在突加不平衡之后稳定运转情况。

考虑安装误差的GTF星型齿轮传动系统均载特性影响规律

作为下一代民用航空发动机主要发展方向之一的齿轮传动涡扇发动机(GTF),其引入了星型齿轮传动系统,为探究安装误差对星型齿轮传动系统均载特性的影响规律,基于商用软件建立GTF星型齿轮传动系统刚柔耦合动力学模型,以均载系数为考查指标进行仿真分析。分别考虑太阳轮、齿圈安装误差对系统的影响,并引入柔性支撑刚度改善载荷分配不均的问题,系统地分析其影响规律。结果表明:在健康工况条件下,各啮合副接触力分布均匀,系统的均载特性良好;随着安装误差的增大,均载系数呈增大趋势,内、外啮合副均载系数较健康工况下的最多增大了21.1%和21.4%,系统的均载特性变差;通过添加柔性支撑并调整支撑刚度,内、外啮合副的均载系数减小到1.00952和1.00187,系统均载特性趋于合理,基本改善了载荷分配不均的问题。

Anti-PD1 antibody and not anti-LAG-3 antibody improves the antitumor effect of photodynamic therapy for treating metastatic breast cancer

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has limited effects in treating metastatic breast cancer.Immune checkpoints can deplete the function of immune cells;however,the expression of immune checkpoints after PDT is unclear.This study investigates whether the limited e±cacy of PDT is due to upregulated immune checkpoints and tries to combine the PDT and immune checkpoint inhibitor to observe the e±cacy.A metastatic breast cancer model was treated by PDT mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives(HpD-PDT).The anti-tumor effect of HpD-PDT was observed,as well as CD4þT,CD8þT and calreticulin(CRT)by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.Immune checkpoints on T cells were analyzed byflow cytometry after HpD-PDT.When combining PDT with immune checkpoint inhibitors,the antitumor effect and immune effect were assessed.For HpD-PDT at 100 mW/cm2 and 40,60 and 80 J/cm2,primary tumors were suppressed and CD4þT,CD8þT and CRT were elevated;however,distant tumors couldn't be inhibited and survival could not be prolonged.Immune checkpoints on T cells,especially PD1 and LAG-3 after HpD-PDT,were upregulated,which may explain the reason for the limited HpD-PDT effect.After PDT combined with anti-PD1 antibody,but not with anti-LAG-3 antibody,both the primary and distant tumors were signi-cantly inhibited and the survival time was prolonged,additionally,CD4þT,CD8þT,IFN-þCD4þT and TNF-þCD4þT cells were signi-cantly increased compared with HpD-PDT.HpD-PDT could not combat metastatic breast cancer.PD1 and LAG-3 were upregulated after HpD-PDT.Anti-PD1 antibody,but not anti-LAG-3 antibody,could augment the antitumor effect of HpD-PDT for treating metastatic breast cancer.

Preparation of anti-canine interleukin-31 receptor alpha polyclonal antibody and evaluation of its therapeutic efect in canine atopic dermatitis

Canine atopic dermatitis(CAD)is a prevalent genetically susceptible infammatory and pruritic allergic skin condition afecting not only the health of dogs but also the quality of life of their owners.Interleukin-31(IL-31)and interleukin-31 receptor alpha(IL-31RA)are essential for the development of pruritus in primates and mice.Hence,it is expected that inhibiting IL-31RA will be an efective approach to alleviate pruritus.The purpose of the study was to produce anti-canine IL-31RA polyclonal antibodies(anti-IL-31RA pAbs)and evaluate their efcacy in inhibiting house dust mite(HDM)-evoked pruritic responses.Dogs were immunized with antigens formed by IL-31RA recombinant short peptides coupled to BSA to produce anti-IL-31RA pAbs.The CAD model was developed by using HDM allergen stimulation,and the efects of IL-31RA pAbs on the reduction of pruritus in CAD model dogs were examined.The Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index(CADESI)-4 and pruritus Visual Analog Scale(pVAS)were utilized to evaluate pruritic responses,and skin tissue samples were collected from the inguinal area for pathological assessment of skin infammatory cell infltration.The results showed that anti-IL-31RA pAbs with high titers(1:128,000)and specifcity were efectively produced.In the CAD model group,the severity of skin damage,pruritus score,infammatory cell infltration and level of infammatory factors were considerably elevated.Anti-IL-31RA pAbs relieved pruritic behavior and dermatitis in dogs compared to placebo-treated dogs.In conclusion,anti-IL-31RA pAbs efectively suppressed CAD in vivo and are anticipated to be an efective novel treatment for pruritic skin disorders such as CAD.

Anti-OX40 Antibody Combined with HBc VLPs Delays Tumor Growth in a Mouse Colon Cancer Model

Objective Combination immunotherapy strategies targeting OX40,a co-stimulatory molecule that can enhance antitumor immunity by modulating the proliferation,differentiation,and effector function of tumor-infiltrating T cells,have attracted much attention for their excellent therapeutic effects.In this study,we aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of combined anti-OX40 and hepatitis B core viruslike particles(HBc VLPs)therapy using a mouse colon cancer model.Methods Humanized B-h OX40 mice were injected subcutaneously with MC38 colon tumor cells and treated with HBc VLPs+anti-h OX40 antibody.Tumor growth was monitored.Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the populations of T cell subsets in the tumors.Results The combination of anti-OX40 with HBc VLPs resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth,suggesting that a potent antitumor immunity was induced by the combination therapy.Further studies revealed that HBc VLPs+anti-OX40 treatment induced a significant increase in effector T cells(Teffs)and a significant decrease in regulatory T cells(Tregs)in the tumor microenvironment(TME),which accounted for the synergistic antitumor effect of anti-OX40 in combination with HBc VLPs.Conclusion Combination therapy of anti-h OX40 and HBc VLPs provides synergistic antitumor activity in colon cancer-bearing mice,which may represent a potential design strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

Antibody Levels and Infection Status of Pertussis in the Population under Pertussis Resurgence in Guangxi in 2018:A Cross-Sectional Survey

Objective Pertussis cases have increased markedly since 2018 in Guangxi.The aim of this study was to evaluate antibody levels and the infection status of pertussis in the resident population.Method A total of 10,215 serum samples from residents were collected from August-November 2018 and tested for anti-pertussis IgG and toxin IgG using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Of the collected samples,1,833(17.94%)tested positive for anti-pertussis IgG,with the median concentration of 16.06 IU/mL.Antibody level<10 IU/mL accounted for more than 60%in children under 4 years of age,but declined with age,whereas the percentages of the other three levels(10-40,40-50,and≥50 IU/mL)increased almost with age(P<0.001).Moreover,7,924 samples were selected for anti-pertussis toxin IgG,of which 653(8.24%)tested positive(≥40 IU/mL)with the median concentration of 5.89 IU/mL,and 204 participants(2.56%)had recent pertussis infection(≥100 IU/mL).Among the different age groups,the highest rates of positivity and recent infection were observed at 11-20 years of age,the lowest positivity rate at 5 years of age,and the lowest recent infection rate at 4 years of age(P<0.001,P=0.005,respectively).Conclusion The survey results showed that all age groups in Guangxi lacked immunity against pertussis,which was one of the main factors contributing to the resurgence of pertussis in 2018.In addition,the prevalence of pertussis is relatively high in Guangxi,and its incidence is seriously underestimated,especially in adolescents and adults.

Antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates for targeted treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)are a new type of targeting antibodies that conjugate with highly toxic anticancer drugs via chemical linkers to exert high specificity and efficient killing of tumor cells,thereby attracting considerable attention in precise oncology therapy.Cetuximab(Cet)is a typical antibody that offers the benefits of good targeting and safety for individuals with advanced and inoperable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC);however,its anti-tumor activity is limited to a single use.Cisplatin(CisPt)shows good curative effects;however,its adverse effects and non-tumor-targeting ability are major drawbacks.In this study,we designed and developed a new ADC based on a new cytotoxic platinum(IV)prodrug(C8Pt(IV))and Cet.The so-called antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates,named Cet-C8Pt(IV),showed excellent tumor targeting in cSCC.Specifically,it accurately delivered C8Pt(IV)into tumor cells to exert the combined anti-tumor effect of Cet and CisPt.Herein,metabolomic analysis showed that Cet-C8Pt(IV)promoted cellular apoptosis and increased DNA damage in cSCC cells by affecting the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway in tumor cells,thereby further enhancing the tumor-killing ability and providing a new strategy for clinical cancer treatment using antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates.

Antibody Titer of Newcastle Disease in Vaccinated and Non-vaccinated Local Chicken of Cambodia

The experiment was conducted at Veterinary Research Station of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Royal University of Agriculture.The experimental period lasted 60 days,starting from October 1st to November 30th 2022.CRD(Completely Randomized Design)was used with 2 treatments/groups,vaccination group and non-vaccination group“control”,and 6 replications.The vaccination groups received two times of vaccination by dropping into the ocular at 7 days and 21 days.Meanwhile,blood samples were collected 3 times to detect the antibody level of ND(Newcastle Disease)and contained 21 days old,35 days old and 49 days old chicks.The ELISA(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)was performed to detect the antibody of those 2 groups.The result of finding showed that the S/P(Sample to Positive)ratio of control at 21 days,was very low,even in 3rd quartile,which was below the threshold.However,the vaccination group was relatively high,even in 1st quartile,which was higher than the threshold.At 35 days,S/P ratio of control group was still very low,but a bit higher than at 21 days.Meanwhile,the vaccination group was still high,even in 1st quartile,and two-time higher than at 21 days,but an increasing number of samples developed less antibody than threshold,accounting for 12.22%.At 49 days,the control group was still very low,even in 3rd quartile,but a bit higher than at 21 days and 35 days,and was close to the threshold.The vaccination group was still relatively high,even in 1st quartile but lower than three times comparing to 35 days.However,in this age,the number of chickens that developed antibody seemed to be increased in the control group,vice versa for vaccination group.The average S/P ratio was different significant(p<0.001),where vaccination had higher S/P ratio than control.It was similar finding for log-titer,the vaccination had higher figure(p<0.001).The risk of infection of ND was higher in control group,but it will reduce by increasing the age of chicken,while vaccination group was decreased by increasing age,especially at 49 days and we need to consider another vaccination to get full protection.

Quantitative hepatitis B core antibody and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen:Novel viral biomarkers for chronic hepatitis B management

The management of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection now involves regular and appropriate monitoring of viral activity,disease progression,and treatment response.Traditional HBV infection biomarkers are limited in their ability to predict clinical outcomes or therapeutic effectiveness.Quantitation of HBV core antibodies(qAnti-HBc)is a novel non-invasive biomarker that may help with a variety of diagnostic issues.It was shown to correlate strongly with infection stages,hepatic inflammation and fibrosis,chronic infection exacerbations,and the presence of occult infection.Furthermore,qAnti-HBc levels were shown to be predictive of spontaneous or treatment-induced HBeAg and HBsAg seroclearance,relapse after medication termination,re-infection following liver transplantation,and viral reactivation in the presence of immunosuppression.qAnti-HBc,on the other hand,cannot be relied on as a single diagnostic test to address all problems,and its diagnostic and prognostic potential may be greatly increased when paired with qHBsAg.Commercial qAnti-HBc diagnostic kits are currently not widely available.Because many methodologies are only semi-quantitative,comparing data from various studies and defining universal cut-off values remains difficult.This review focuses on the clinical utility of qAnti-HBc and qHBsAg in chronic hepatitis B management.

N^＋离子注入法选育高产葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)酵母菌株

本研究通过铬耐量筛选的方式,从12株供试啤酒酵母中获得1株高耐铬性啤酒酵母菌株,并对该菌株进行N+注入诱变,注入能量为50keV,注入剂量1×2.6×1013、2×2.6×1013、3×2.6×1013、4×2.6×1013、5×2.6×1013和6×2.6×1013ion/cm2。结果表明,最适诱变的注入剂量为4×2.6×1013ion/cm2,得到1株高产GTF的啤酒酵母菌株M11-1A11,其富铬能力较诱变前提高了22.4%。经5次传代发酵培养,突变株的富铬性能稳定。

基于CFD的GTF发动机风扇驱动齿轮箱行星齿轮风阻损失分析

建立GTF(齿轮驱动风扇)发动机风扇驱动齿轮箱内部流体几何模型,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型和MRF模型进行数值模拟,研究风扇驱动齿轮箱人字齿行星齿轮齿面、端面和内孔特征面的风阻损失,并与Anderson齿轮风阻损失经验公式的计算结果进行对比,分析行星架腔体的直径和长度对湍流能、湍流黏度和人字齿行星齿轮各特征面风阻损失的影响。研究结果表明:行星齿轮风阻损失仿真结果与经验公式结果相差较小。风扇驱动齿轮箱人字齿行星齿轮具有较大的风阻损失,齿面风阻损失占总风阻损失的69.7%。减小行星架腔体直径和长度对行星架内部流体的湍流分布产生一定的影响,并随着行星架腔体直径和长度的减小,湍流较大的区域面积减小。减小风扇驱动齿轮箱行星架腔体长度和直径可抑制人字齿行星齿轮各特征面风阻。减小行星架腔体直径和长度可导致单个人字齿行星齿轮风阻损失分别降低276 W和165 W。

Prokaryotic Expression of Rubber Elongation Factor Gene and Preparation of Its Polyclonal Antibody

[Objective] The aim of this study was to prepare the recombination protein of rubber elongation factor and its polyclonal antibodies.[Method] The encoding gene of rubber elongation factor(REF)was amplified by RT-PCR,and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pDEST17 to transform into Escherichia coil BI2I-AI.The recombinant protein induced by L-Arabinose was purified by the affinity chromatography.As the immunogen,the recombination protein was used to immunize mice for preparing polyclonal antibodies,while ELISA and Western blot hybridization were used to detect the titers and specificity.[Result] The purified recombination protein of REF with high expression was used to immunize house mice for preparing polyclonal antibodies with high titer and specificity.The western blot hybridization showed that the antibody could recognize the natural REF from latex.[Conclusion] The recombination protein of REF was successfully obtained and the mouse anti REF antibody with high titer and specificity was prepared,which lays a basis for further studies on biological functions of rubber elongation factor and other membrane proteins in rubber particles.

GTF-PAc融合防龋DNA疫苗的研究(Ⅰ)携带GLU基因片段的真核表达质粒pGLU的构建

目的 :将变形链球菌葡糖基转移酶GTF I的编码葡聚糖结合区 (GLU)的序列克隆到真核载体 pCI中 ,为构建GTF PAc融合防龋DNA疫苗做准备。方法 :用PCR的方法扩增含gtfB基因的重组质粒 pYNB13的GLU区序列 ;将载体 pCI和GLU扩增片段分别酶切 ,体外连接 ,构建成真核表达质粒pGLU ,酶切电泳鉴定。 结果 :PCR获得了glu目的片段 ,质粒 pGLU含有 glu目的片段。 结论 :构建出了含有gtfB基因重要抗原决定簇区的真核表达质粒

GTF发动机齿轮传动系统动力学仿真分析

GTF发动机齿轮传动系统结构复杂,在高速运转时由于轮齿啮合对个数的变化产生了激振力,导致系统因内部动态激励发生振动;此外,系统还受到驱动轴、风扇轴及风扇负载等产生的外部动态激励,引起传动系统的振动加剧。应用SolidWorks软件对行星齿轮传动系统进行三维实体建模、虚拟装配。应用软件ADAMS对GTF齿轮传动系统进行动力学仿真分析,得到不同工况下系统转子部件的振动位移、振动加速度、振动加速度、齿轮啮合力等参数曲线。根据仿真结果对齿轮传动系统的动力特性进行了评估,分析了不同条件下传动系统的振动特点及振动原因,对GTF发动机行星齿轮传动系统的设计与应用提供了参考与理论依据。

Murtagh安全诊断策略联合思维导图构建临床思维在全科教学门诊中的应用

全科教学门诊是培养住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)全科医生临床思维、提升全科诊疗能力的重要培训方法。本文用1例以乏力为主要表现的患者为教学案例,介绍全科教学门诊中采用澳大利亚著名全科医学专家John Murtagh提出的Murtagh安全诊断策略启发住培全科医生对乏力进行诊断与鉴别诊断:(1)引起乏力的常见疾病有哪些?(2)哪些重要疾病是不能忽视的?(3)乏力有什么容易被遗漏的疾病?(4)是否存在潜在的容易被掩盖的疾病?(5)患者是否有话没有说?结合病史、体格检查和实验室检查结果初步诊断为抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性血管炎引起急进性肾小球肾炎可能性大,及时转诊,肾病理检查确诊乏力的病因为抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性肾小球肾炎,取得满意疗效。带教老师基于Murtagh安全诊断策略帮助住培全科医生构建乏力鉴别、分析的系统知识框架,从而提升住培全科医生的临床逻辑思维能力和解决临床实际问题的能力;以思维导图为辅助工具,将Murtagh安全诊断策略诊断与鉴别诊断思路可视化、形象化,优化教学效果。

变形链球菌葡糖基转移酶真核表达质粒pcDNA3-gtfB的构建

目的 :构建变形链球菌葡糖基转移酶真核表达质粒pcDNA3_gtfB ,为以其作为基因疫苗进行免疫动物实验奠定物质基础。方法 :以变形链球菌GS_5全染色体DNA为模板 ,通过PCR方法扩增获得含有多个编码变形链球菌葡糖基转移酶抗原表位的目的基因gtfB ,将分离纯化的目的基因和质粒pcDNA3用KpnⅠ、XhoⅠ双酶切 ,酶切产物在T4DNA连接酶作用下进行体外重组 ,用改良Hanahan法转化感受态大肠杆菌JM10 9,采用氨苄青霉素抗性LB平板初步筛选阳性克隆子后 ,抽提重组质粒 ,进行酶切鉴定 ,DNA序列测定。结果 :经PCR扩增获得的目的基因分子量与预计相同 ,并定向插入真核表达载体pcDNA3 ,插入相位正确 ,未改变目的基因的阅读框架。结论 :真核表达质粒pcDNA3_gtfB含有多个葡糖基转移酶免疫显性抗原表位编码基因 ,且选用的高表达真核表达载体pcDNA3 ,能直接激活抗原提呈细胞 ,可以使重组质粒pcDNA3_gtfB具有较强的免疫原性和免疫反应性 ,为利用其作为基因疫苗防龋奠定了基础。

酵母源性葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)含量测定方法的研究

酵母源性葡萄糖耐量因子为铬和小分子蛋白的复合物。测定其含量应包括2个步骤:第一有效地从菌体中提取出GTF;第二检测GTF中有机铬的含量。文中以葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)高产酵母菌株为研究对象,研究不同提取方法提取GTF的条件及效果,比较了2种消化方法对测定结果的影响,对GTF提取液的消化方式进行了改良,确定了GTF测定的最佳方法和参数。试验结果表明:0.1g左右的菌体悬浮于10mL0.1mol/L的氨水,在37℃、200r/min振荡提取3h,离心收集上清液进行微波消解。用火焰原子吸收光谱法分别测定上清液中铬的含量、提取后菌体中残余铬的含量以及菌体中总铬含量。测定结果显示残余铬的理论数据与测定实际结果比较吻合,表明该测定方法可有效的测定和评价酵母中GTF含量。

GTF减速器柔性传动轴的响应面设计

对GTF减速器的传动轴进行了响应面设计并最终确定了其最优几何参数。首先,使用Python语言在Abaqus平台上开发了柔性轴有限元模型的参数化计算程序。该程序能够自动实现有限元分析的全过程,从而提高了计算效率。其次,采用优化的拉丁超立方抽样方法在设计空间内得到60个采样点,调用参数化程序求得了所有采样点对应的传动轴上最大Von Mises应力值,并以该应力为目标函数建立了响应面优化模型。最后,将最优解反代入有限元模型中再次求解,所得结果验证了该响应面模型的正确性。同理,给出了以刚度为目标函数的响应面模型及其最优解。两种响应面设计方案为工程应用提供了理论依据。

不同龋敏感儿童口腔不同基因型变异链球菌临床分离株在不同pH条件下产生GTF能力的比较研究

目的:探讨不同龋敏感儿童口腔变异链球菌不同基因型菌株在不同pH条件下产生GTF的能力。方法:从不同龋敏感儿童口腔变异链球菌中选取66株临床分离株,常规复苏、增菌并配制相同密度的菌悬液后,接种于不同pH值(以0.5为间隔,pH 5.0～7.0)的含2.5 g/L葡萄糖和0.05%Tween 80的TYC培养基中厌氧培养18 h;采用Somogyi法测定还原糖含量,计算酶活性。结果:在同一pH条件下,不同龋敏感儿童口腔变链菌GTF活性的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),龋敏感性越高,GTF活性越大;同一龋敏感儿童口腔变链菌不同基因型菌株GTF活性的差异也具有统计学意义(P<0.05),GTF活性随基因型的增加而增加;当pH 5.5时,高龋、中龋儿童携带一种基因型菌株GTF活性显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:不同龋敏感儿童口腔变异链球菌不同基因型菌株在不同pH条件下GTF活性不同,携带基因型越多的菌株GTF活性越高。

Development and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Specific to Nuclear Protein of Avian Influenza Virus Type A

Five monoclonal antibodies（Mabs） to nuclear protein of avain influenza virus（AIV） were developed by syncretizing SP 2/0 and the spleen cells from BALB of mice immuized with H9 subtype AIV. Specificity of these Mabs were identified by immunofluorescent assay（IFA） and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. These five Mabs which were named as AIV-NP-2C3, AIV-NP-6A5, AIV-NP-3 H9, AIV-NP-7B4, AIV-NP-2H4 could react with all viruses of AIV-H9 strains in tests. The result of Western blotting showed that only the 60 ku protein antigen of AIV-H9 could be recognized by the Mabs but never recognized by New castle disease virus, REV and infectious bursa disease virus. The result of preliminary application showed that avian influenza viruses could be deetected bv Mabs in IFA and ELISA. All these Mabs will probably play important roles in preventing and monitoring avian influenza viruses.