Effects of different frequencies of electro-acupuncture at Shuigou(GV 26) on recovery of motor function in rats with focal cerebra ischemic injury

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different frequencies of electro-acupuncture at Shuigou(GV 26) on the latent period and wave amplitude of motor evoked potentials(MEPs) in rats with focal cerebral infarction.METHODS:Fifty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups:controls,model,2 Hz Shuigou,50 Hz Shuigou and 100 Hz Shuigou.There were 10 rats in each group.Using a modification of a technique for middle cerebral artery occlusion,focal cerebral ischemic injury was induced in all rats except those in the control group.The rats in the control group received no treatment.After behavioral deficit had been evaluated using the Zausinger 6-point neurological function score,therats in the Shuigou groups underwent acupuncture and continuous wave stimulation at a frequency of 2 Hz,50 Hz or 100 Hz(intensity 1 mA) for 10 min twice daily for 3 days.The control and model groups underwent no intervention.Zausinger 6-point neurological function score and MEPs were measured 72 h after the start of treatment.RESULTS:The neurological function scores of the three Shuigou groups were significantly higher than those of the model group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between sides in the latency and amplitude of MEPs in the model group(P> 0.05).The latency on the affected side in the model group was significantly longer than that in the control group(P<0.05) and the amplitude on affected side was significantly reduced(P<0.01).After 3 days of electro-acupuncture,the latency on the affected side in the 2 Hz Shuigou group was significantly shortened(P<0.05) and the amplitude was significantly increased(P<0.05) compared with the model group.CONCLUSION:Low frequency electro-acupuncture at Shuigou(GV 26) can promote recovery of motor function after focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE TREATMENT OF VASCULAR DEMENTIA BY PUNCTURING BAIHUI (GV20), SHUIGOU (GV26) AND SHENMEN (HT7)

Objective: To observe the relative specialty of the therapeutic effect of acupuncture of Baihui (百会 GV 20), Shuigou (水沟 GV 26) a nd Shenmen (神门 HT 7) in the treatment of vascular dementia (VD) patients. Methods: F ifty VD patients were randomly divided into routine treatment group (control gro up), Baihui (GV 20) group (GV 20 group), Shuigou (GV 26) group (GV 26 gr oup), Shenmen (HT 7) group (HT 7 group) a nd GV 20+GV 26+HT 7 group (joint treatment group), with 10 cases in ea ch group. In control group, acupoints used were Jianyu (肩NFDA1 LI 15), Quchi (曲池 L I 11), Waiguan (外关 TE 5), etc. (which were also used in the other four groups) on the paralyzed side. The treatment was conducted once a day except weekends, 20 session s all together. Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), Mini-Mental State Examin at ion (MMSE) test, Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (BDR) and Clinical Neurological D eficit Rating (CNDR) were used to assess the patients’ intelligence state befor e and after acupuncture treatment. Results: After acupuncture tr eatment, the VD patients’ intelligence in all the five groups was improved at different degrees . Additional acupuncture of each of GV 20, GV 26 and HT 7 had a remarkable e ffec t in improving the VD patients’ fluid intelligence, and could obviously promote their abilities of temporal orientation, spatial orientation and figure drawing ; and additional joint acupuncture of the three acupoints could improve their co gnitive and non-cognitive functions, such as reducing the severity of dementia , raising the temporal orientation, spatial orientation, calculation, short-term m emory and figure drawing abilities, and improving their activities of daily livi ng and personality. Besides, acupuncture of GV 20 could improve the abilities of calculation and short term memory, and correct the personality change of VD pat ients, while acupuncture of GV 26 could improve the abilities of naming and sh or t-term memory. Conclusion: Acupuncture of GV 20, GV 26 and HT 7 all had a certai n therapeutic effect in improving VD; the therapeutic effects of acupuncture of GV 20 and GV 26 were better than that of acupuncture of HT 7; and the effica cy of the three points used in combination was the best.

“水沟”穴最佳刺激参数的筛选研究

目的:了解针刺参数对针效的影响,探讨"醒脑开窍"针刺法中水沟穴最佳刺激参数。方法:复制大鼠大脑中动脉缺血模型(MCAO),以针刺频率的慢、中、快(1、2、3次/秒)和针刺时间的短、中、长(5 s、60 s、180 s)的两因素三水平针刺参数搭配组合9种针刺方法刺激"水沟"穴,以脑血流量为效应指标,通过正交试验、析因分析、单因素方差分析,综合分析不同针刺手法作用于"水沟"穴对MCAO大鼠脑血流量的影响。结果:针刺效应受针刺频率、时间以及它们两者的交互作用影响,其中,针刺时间影响作用最大。尽可能长时间地应用最快频率针刺,可取得最佳针刺效应。结论:"醒脑开窍"针刺法中"水沟"穴的操作是快频率、足够长时间的针刺(雀啄手法以眼球湿润为度),可取得最佳效应。此法是"水沟"穴最佳刺激参数。

电针“水沟”与“井穴”对全脑缺血大鼠脑组织钙调素活性影响的对比研究

目的 :观察电针“水沟”与“井穴”对全脑缺血大鼠脑细胞内活性钙调素 (CaM )含量的影响。方法 :采用大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型 ,用磷酸二脂酶法测定电针后正常对照组、模型对照组、电针“水沟”穴组、电针“井穴”组、假手术对照组脑组织活性CaM的含量。结果 :脑缺血后脑组织活性CaM含量明显升高 ,电针刺激“水沟”和“井穴”均可使大鼠缺血区脑组织活性CaM含量明显降低 ,两组无显著性差异。结论 :电针“水沟”与“井穴”均能明显降低活性CaM的含量 。

电针水沟穴抗轻、中度休克：多中心随机对照研究

目的:探讨电针水沟穴抗轻、中度休克的作用。方法:采用3中心分层随机对照研究方法,将276例患者随机分为针药组(138例)、西药组(138例)。西药组仅给予西医常规治疗,针药组在给予西医常规治疗的同时,电针水沟穴,观察治疗6小时后的疗效。结果:针药组可即刻升高血压,升压起效时间早于西药组(P<0.001)。针药组显效率为52.9%,高于西药组的18.1%(P<0.001)。结论:在西药基础上电针水沟穴治疗轻、中度休克疗效优于单纯西药。

醒脑开窍针法中水沟穴作用探讨

目的 :探讨水沟穴在醒脑开窍针法中的作用。方法 :根据文献及现代医学机理 ,对针刺水沟穴在中风急性期和恢复期、后遗症期的作用进行分析。结果 :中风急症期可醒脑神、开清窍 ,中风恢复期、后遗症期以调神作用为主 ,其作用机制 ,在于针刺刺激了穴周的面神经、三叉神经分支 ,激活了三叉神经—脑血管系统 ,一方面兴奋脑神经元 ,另一方面 ,改善了脑血流。其刺激的量化标志就是流泪。

百会、水沟、神门治疗血管性痴呆的比较研究

目的比较百会、水沟、神门治疗血管性痴呆(VD)的相对特异性。方法50例血管性痴呆患者,随机分为5组,A组治以常规穴位针刺,在A组基础上B组加用百会、C组加用水沟,D组加用神门,E组加用百会、水沟和神门3穴。治疗前后均观察临床症状的变化,并运用修订长谷川痴呆量表、日常生活活动量表、社会功能活动调查等量表进行测评,评分结果进行统计学处理。结果百会、神门能够改善VD患者记忆、定向、反应、固执、恍惚等方面的症状,百会长于帮助患者理解、计算、适应社会;水沟则偏重于针对VD患者喜睡嗜卧、反应迟钝、神思恍惚、记忆等症状的改善;百会、水沟、神门3穴联合运用,对于VD患者的智力水平、社会适应能力有着较为全面的改善。结论百会、水沟、神门3穴在改善VD患者临床症状和智力水平方面各有其相对特异性,3穴联合运用疗效最佳。

百会、水沟、神门影响血管性痴呆患者认知功能的比较研究

目的:探讨百会、水沟、神门改善血管性痴呆(VD)患者认知功能的相对特异性。方法:50例VD患者,随机分为5组,分别施以针对偏瘫的常规穴位针刺,常规穴位加用百会穴,加用水沟穴,加用神门穴,加用百会、水沟和神门穴。治疗前后运用老年认知功能量表(SECF)进行测评,评分结果纳入统计学处理。结果:常规穴位加用百会、水沟、神门等穴位治疗后,SECF总分有显著提高;加用百会穴治疗后,VD患者的定向、瞬间记忆、长回忆、动物名、划销和计算、分类与类同等方面评分有明显提高;加用水沟穴治疗后,VD患者的定向、划销和计算、分类与类同等方面评分有明显提高;加用神门穴治疗后,VD患者的数字广度、动物名、分类与类同等方面评分有明显提高。结论:百会、水沟、神门能够改善VD患者认知功能,三穴虽然分别有各自的相对特异性,但联合运用效果最佳。

针刺与药物结合治疗小儿热性惊厥临床观察

目的:探寻治疗小儿热性惊厥的有效疗法。方法:将70例热性惊厥患儿随机分成两组,针药组(36例)采用针刺醒脑开窍法以水沟穴为主,配合鲁米那肌肉注射、安定静脉推注;药物组(34例)单纯采用肌肉注射鲁米那、安定静脉推注。观察两组疗效、止惊起效时间及复发率。结果:针药组总有效率为86.1%,优于药物组的79.4%;在止惊起效时间上,针药组明显短于药物组(P<0.01),且针药组复发率低于药物组(P<0.05)。结论:针刺配合肌肉注射鲁米那、静脉推注安定治疗热性惊厥是一种快速、有效、安全的方法。

针刺人中穴治疗急性腰扭伤的临床试验研究

目的:针刺人中穴治疗急性腰扭伤,为腧穴主治提供临床依据。方法:对患者240例,按照随机方案选择患者。针刺人中穴(治疗组120例)、针刺委中穴(对照组120例),并对其疗效进行分析。结果:试验组:总有效率95.83%;对照组:总有效率86.67%;两组总疗效比较有统计学意义,试验组好于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:针刺治疗急性腰扭伤效果明显,取穴人中疗效优于委中。

素髎、水沟穴主治机理新释

目的:对素髎、水沟穴的主治机理进行新的阐释。方法:以中医的藏象学说为中心,结合西医解剖学对素、水沟穴的主治机理进行分析。结果:不仅提出五官与五脏之间有相互对应(外形的“复制”)的关系,而且运用这一理论解释了素、水沟穴以及周围(鼻尖、鼻中沟)某些奇穴具有相同主治作用的理由。结论:该思路对发现新的针灸治疗点及确定针刺的角度、方向具有指导意义。

针刺水沟穴干预治疗急诊抽搐休克

目的 :探讨针刺水沟穴治疗急诊抽搐昏迷休克 ,为安全而有效的开展急救针灸治疗提供依据。方法 :使用针刺水沟穴和安定注射两种方法 ,比较镇静止惊抗休克效果。结果 :6 8例即效 ,14例显效 ,2例无效。结论 :通过观察 。

水沟穴古代文献应用分析

目的通过对水沟穴古代文献的整理,总结出水沟穴的应用规律。方法以《中华医典》(第4版)收录的1000部书籍为检索范围,对水沟穴主治病证、腧穴配伍、配伍主治病证、刺灸方法、刺激量等进行系统、规范整理,建立数据库。结果总结出关于水沟穴主治应用条文425条,涉及171部古籍,水沟穴配伍的使用频次为240次,与水沟穴配伍的腧穴共计109个。结论配伍前10位的穴位为合谷、百会、足三里、上星、承浆、气海、颊车、风府、中脘、委中。常用的针刺深度为刺4分,常用的灸量为灸3壮。

Electroacupuncture improves neurovascular unit reconstruction by promoting collateral circulation and angiogenesis

Acupuncture at Shuigou（GV26） shows good clinical efficacy for treating stroke, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, a cerebral infarction model of ischemia/reperfusion injury received electroacupuncture at GV26（15 Hz and 1 m A, continuous wave [biphasic pulses], for 5 minutes）. Electroacupuncture effectively promoted regional cerebral blood flow on the infarct and non-infarct sides, increased infarct lesions, lectin, and number of blood vessels, upregulated von Willebrand factor and cell proliferation marker Ki67 expression, and diminished neurological severity score. These findings confirm that electroacupuncture at GV26 promotes establishment of collateral circulation and angiogenesis, and improves neurological function.

Electroacupuncture induces acute changes in cerebral cortical mi RNA profile, improves cerebral blood flow and alleviates neurological deficits in a rat model of stroke

Electroacupuncture has been shown to improve cerebral blood flow in animal models of stroke. However, it is unclear whether electroacupuncture alters mi RNA expression in the cortex. In this study, we examined changes in the cerebral cortical mi RNA profile, cerebral blood flow and neurological function induced by electroacupuncture in a rat model of stroke. Electroacupuncture was performed at Renzhong（GV26） and Neiguan（PC6）, with a frequency of 2 Hz, continuous wave, current intensity of 3.0 m A, and stimulation time of 1 minute. Electroacupuncture increased cerebral blood flow and alleviated neurological impairment in the rats. mi RNA microarray profiling revealed that the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway, which links cell proliferation with stroke, was most significantly affected by electroacupuncture. Electroacupuncture induced changes in expression of rno-mi R-206-3p, rno-mi R-3473, rno-mi R-6216 and rno-mi R-494-3p, and these changes were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our findings suggest that changes in cell proliferation-associated mi RNA expression induced by electroacupuncture might be associated with the improved cerebral blood supply and functional recovery following stroke.

Electroacupuncture Promotes Angiogenesis in Mice with Cerebral Ischemia by Inhibiting miR-7

Objective To observe the angiogenesis effect of electroacupuncture(EA)at Shuigou acupoint(GV 26)in the treatment of cerebral ischemia,and explore the value of miRNA-7(miR-7)in it.Methods First,48 mice were randomly divided into sham operation,middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model,and EA treatment groups.Then 9 mice were divided into carrier control group,miR-7 knockout group and miR-7 overexpression group(n=3 each group).Finally,20 mice were divided into model and carrier control group,model and miR-7 knockout group,EA treatment and carrier control group and EA treatment and miR-7 overexpression group,with 3–6 mice in each group.The MCAO model was established in the MCAO and EA groups.Neurological deficit score and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining were used to evaluate the severity of cerebral ischemia.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to describe basic pathological changes.Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify cerebral microvessel density.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of miR-7 and its downstream target genes Krüppel-like factor 4/vascular endothelial growth factor(KLF4/VEGF)and angiopoietin-2(ANG-2)in the ischemic cerebral cortex.Results After EA,neurological deficit scores and infarction volumes decreased,and the density of cerebral microvessels increased.In the MCAO group,miR-7 expression was higher than that in the sham group(P<0.01).After EA at GV 26,miR-7 expression decreased(P<0.01)and the expression of downstream target genes KLF4/VEGF and ANG-2 increased as compared with the MCAO group(P<0.01).After EA combined with overexpression of miR-7,the expression of downstream target genes KLF4/VEGF and ANG-2 decreased compared to the control EA group(P<0.01).After miR-7 knockdown,the expression of KLF4/VEGF and ANG-2 increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions EA could promote angiogenesis in MCAO mice likely by inhibiting the expression of miR-7 and relieving inhibition of downstream target genes KLF4/VEGF and ANG-2.

Molecular Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Regulating Cerebral Arterial Contractile Protein in Rats with Cerebral Infarction Based on MLCK Pathway

Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)intervention on the vasoconstriction of cerebral artery smooth muscle cells after cerebral infarction.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups by a random number table:the model group(n=24),the EA group(n=24),and the normal group(n=6).The model and the EA groups were divided into different time subgroups at 0.5,1,3,and 6 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),with 6 rats in each subgroup.MCAO model was established using intraluminal suture occlusion method.The EA group was given EA treatment at acupoint Shuigou(GV 26)instantly after MCAO for 20 min.The contents of cerebrovascular smooth muscle MLCK,the 3 subunits of myosin light chain phosphatase(MLCP)MYPT1,PP1c-δand M20,as well as myosin-ATPase activity were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results The overall expression level of the MYPT1 and PP1c-δin the model group was significantly higher(P<0.01).After EA intervention,the 0.5 h group expression level was close to that of the normal group(P>0.05),and the other subgroups were still significantly higher than the normal group(P<0.01).After EA intervention,the expression level of each subgroup was significantly lower than the corresponding model group.There was a significant difference between the 0.5 and 1 h subgroups(P<0.01),while a difference was also observed between the 3 and 6 h subgroups(P<0.05).The dynamic change rule gradually increased with the prolongation of infarction time within 6 h after infarction.Conclusion EA intervention can inhibit contraction of cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells and regulate smooth muscle relaxation by regulating MLCK pathway.

针刺素髎为主对重型颅脑损伤昏迷促苏醒的临床疗效观察

目的:比较针刺素髎与水沟为主对重型颅脑损伤昏迷促苏醒的临床疗效差异,为临床取穴提供参考依据。方法:在神经外科常规急救与手术后的基础上,待病情相对稳定,将82例颅脑损伤昏迷患者随机分为观察组(42例)和对照组(40例)。观察组取素髎为主穴,劳宫、涌泉等为辅穴,内关、三阴交、翳风、完骨等为配穴,施强刺激促苏醒针刺手法治疗;对照组取水沟为主穴,辅穴和配穴同观察组,同样施强刺激促苏醒手法治疗。两组均每日治疗1次,每周5次,10次为一疗程。观察素髎穴与水沟穴针刺后即刻的临床表现,以及两组患者治疗45天、90天后昏迷GCS评分改善程度,评价两组患者苏醒时间和苏醒率,并比较两组临床疗效。结果:观察组针刺后喷嚏反射出现率为85.7%(36/42),较对照组针刺后表现的喷嚏反射反应强烈[25.0%(10/40),P<0.01];观察组平均苏醒时间较对照组明显缩短[(64.6±19.4)天vs(73.8±14.6)天,P<0.05];观察组与对照组苏醒率相当[88.1%(37/42)vs 75.0%(30/40),P>0.05];两组治疗后昏迷GCS评分均较治疗前明显提高(均P<0.01);观察组治疗90天后昏迷GCS评分优于对照组(9.52±2.32vs 8.47±2.14,P<0.05);观察组愈显率为45.2%(19/42),优于对照组的22.5%(9/40,P<0.05)。结论:针刺素髎为主对重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者的促苏醒作用疗效确切,具有特有的促进喷嚏反射和兴奋呼吸中枢的功能,较针刺水沟为主促苏醒作用明显。

“水沟”穴干预MCAO大鼠脑梗死面积的特异性效应及针刺参数研究

目的:探讨穴位特异性及有关影响因素对针刺效应的影响。方法:参照Zea-Longa线拴法复制大脑中动脉缺血模型(MCAO),针刺组中设立穴位组(穴取"水沟"穴)、非穴位组(穴取患侧肋下髂嵴上10mm的固定点处)进行比较研究,分别以频率(60次/min、120次/min、180次/min)与时间(5s、60s、180s)组合而成的9种不同刺激参数(组别编号Ⅰ-Ⅸ)进行干预,通过TTC染色检测脑梗死面积百分比来评价治疗效应。结果:(1)针刺穴位组可以明显缩小MCAO大鼠病灶侧脑梗死面积;在9种针刺参数的干预下,穴位组总体效应趋势优于非穴位组。(2)与模型组比较,穴位组Ⅵ减小脑梗死面积百分比的趋势最明显(P<0.05)。结论:(1)穴位针刺更能有效减少脑缺血后MCAO大鼠脑梗死面积,具有穴位特异性优势。(2)穴位组Ⅵ(频率180次/min;时间5s)可以显著减小TTC染色下脑梗死面积百分比。

“水沟”穴对脑缺血模型大鼠脑神经细胞坏死的影响--从形态学角度论证经穴的特异性

目的:从形态学角度探讨"醒脑开窍"针刺法主穴"水沟"与非穴位对脑缺血模型大鼠神经细胞坏死的抑制作用。方法:选用Wistar成年健康雄性大鼠42只,随机分为正常组、假手术组、模型对照组、非针刺组、针刺组(水沟组和非穴组)6组,每组7只。除正常组、假手术组外,其他4组参照Zea-Longa线拴法复制大鼠大脑中动脉缺血模型(MCAO)。针刺组分别对"水沟"穴以及非穴(胁下非经非穴点),施以频率180次/min、持续时间5 s的针刺干预。以光镜下神经细胞坏死率及电镜下神经细胞坏死程度作为评价效应指标。结果:①光镜下,与模型对照组(0.66±0.18)相比,非针刺组(0.67±0.34)和针刺非穴组(0.59±0.11)神经细胞坏死率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而水沟组(0.20±0.12)神经细胞坏死率明显降低,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。表明不给予任何干预(非针刺组)与给予不正确干预(非穴组),都不能减轻神经细胞的损伤,当给予正确的穴位("水沟"穴)干预时,就可明显减轻神经细胞的坏死率,体现了穴位的特异性。②电镜下,非针刺组和针刺非穴组神经细胞超微结构接近模型对照组,表现为神经细胞的高度水肿及细胞器的严重破坏;水沟组则接近正常组和假手术组,神经细胞破坏程度均较低。结论:针刺"水沟"穴可抑制MCAO大鼠神经细胞坏死,保护神经元,而非穴无此作用,显示了穴位特异性。