基于磁控溅射制备的YIG薄膜结构与磁性能

使用射频磁控溅射在衬底上沉积了纳米级YIG薄膜,借助X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计、铁磁共振等研究了溅射气压、溅射功率和退火温度对于所制薄膜结构与磁性能的影响,并基于唯象方程拟合出薄膜样品的Gilbert阻尼系数。

Purification of Produced Water from a Sour Oilfield in South Kuwait. 2. Oil-Water Separation and Crystallization of Calcium Carbonate

Oil-water separation for produced water (PW) originating from an oil extraction site in South Kuwait was carried out using bleached, esterified cellulosic material from used coffee grounds. Thereafter, earth-alkaline metal ions, specifically calcium ions, of the de-oiled PW were removed by precipitation with sodium carbonate to give access to pure sodium chloride as industrial salt from the remaining PW. While the purity of the precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) depends on the precipitation conditions, CaCO3 of up to 95.48% purity can be obtained, which makes it a salable product. The precipitation of CaCO3 decreases the amount of calcium ions in PW from 11,300 ppm to 84 ppm.

基于Ga:YIG晶体的新型光纤电流传感器

基于磁致旋光介质的法拉第磁光效应,设计了一种光纤电流传感器。核心部件采用了Ga:YIG磁光晶体。通过实验测试,得到其在室温下的维尔德系数为550rad.T-1.m-1,是普通YIG晶体的50多倍。预期通过进一步的完善,该装置能够用于电力系统中大电流的实时测量。

熔盐法生长超低磁矩Ga-YIG单晶

熔盐法生长超低磁矩ＧａＹＩＧ单晶李淑华（西南应用磁学研究所，绵阳６２１０００）ＧｒｏｗｔｈｏｆＹＧａＩＧＣｒｙｓｔａｌｓｗｉｔｈＬｏｗＭａｇｎｅｔｉｚａｔｉｏｎｂｙＦｌｕｘＭｅｔｈｏｄＬｉＳｈｕｈｕａ（ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐ...

Preparation and Characterization of Gd_3Sc_2Ga_3O_(12) Polycrystalline Material by Co-Precipitation Method

Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 polycrystalline material for single crystal growth was prepared with Ga, Gd2O3 and Sc2O3 as starting materials and aqueous ammonia as the precipitator by co-precipitation method. The precursors sintered at various temperatures were characterized by infrared spectra （IR）, X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and transmitted electron microscopy （TEM）. The results showed that pure GSGG phase could be obtained at 900 ℃. The sintered powders were well-dispersed and less-aggregated in the sintered temperature range of 900 - 1000 ℃. XRD and TEM show that the polycrystalline particle sizes of the polycrystalline powders were about 20 - 50 nm. Compared with the method that Ga2O3, Gd2O3 and Sc2O3 were mixed directly and sintered to get polycrystalline materials, the synthesized temperature was lower and sintered time was shorter. Thus co-precipitation was a good method to synthesize GSGG polycrystalline material.

Effect of temperature on photoresponse properties of solar-blind Schottky barrier diode photodetector based on single crystal Ga_2O_3

A solar-blind photodetector is fabricated on single crystal Ga_2O_3 based on vertical structure Schottky barrier diode. A Cu Schottky contact electrode is prepared in a honeycomb porous structure to increase the ultraviolet(UV) transmittance.The quantum efficiency is about 400% at 42 V. The Ga_2O_3 photodetector shows a sharp cutoff wavelength at 259 nm with high solar-blind/visible(= 3213) and solar-blind/UV(= 834) rejection ratio. Time-resolved photoresponse of the photodetector is investigated at 253-nm illumination from room temperature(RT) to 85.8℃. The photodetector maintains a high reversibility and response speed, even at high temperatures.

Distributions of crystals and gas bubbles in reservoir ice during growth period

In order to understand the dominant factors of the physical properties of ice in ice thermodynamics and mechanics, in-situ observations of ice growth and decay processes were carried out. Two samplings were conducted in the fast and steady ice growth stages. Ice pieces were used to observe ice crystals and gas bubbles in ice, and to measure the ice density. Vertical profiles of the type and size of ice crystals, shape and size of gas bubbles, and gas bubble content, as well as the ice density, were obtained. The results show that the upper layer of the ice pieces is granular ice and the lower layer is columnar ice; the average crystal size increases with the ice depth and remains steady in the fast and steady ice growth stages; the shape of gas bubbles in the upper layer of ice pieces is spherical with higher total content, and the shape in the middle and lower layers is cylinder with lower total content; the gas bubble size and content vary with the ice growth stage; and the ice density decreases with the increase of the gas bubble content.

Experimental Study on Preparation of Natural Gas Hydrate by Crystallization

In this paper, the saturated solution crystallization method is proposed to promote the formation of hydrate by means of the known similarities between the hydrate formation process and the crystallization process. In this method,adding the second phase crystals was used to replace the spontaneous formation of hydrate crystal nuclei to form hydrate.The effects of saturated Na_2SO_4, MgSO_4, NH_4HCO_3 and CuSO_4 solutions on the formation rates of natural gas hydrate and gas storage capacity were investigated. The results showed that the saturated solution had an influence on the hydrate formation process. Under the given experimental conditions, the saturated Na_2SO_4 solution showed a highest increase in the hydrate formation rate, and the average hydrate formation rate in its presence was 11.8 times higher than that obtained in the deionized water. Moreover, the largest formation rate of gas hydrates observed in the saturated Na_2SO_4 solution was 386 times bigger than that in the deionized water, and the gas storage capacity increased by 10 times. In addition, the average hydrate formation rate in the saturated Mg SO_4 solution was faster than that in water by 20 times. The largest formation rate of gas hydrates in the saturated MgSO_4 solution was 165 times faster than that obtained in the deionized water, and the gas storage capacity increased by 6.2 times. The saturated NH_4HCO_3 and saturated CuSO_4 solutions also influenced the formation process of hydrate. Therefore, the crystallization method of saturated solution can be used to achieve a highefficiency preparation of natural gas hydrates, which provides theoretical guidance for the storage of natural gas in the form of hydrate.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Gas Adsorption of a Trimeric Nickel-based Coordination Polymer

A trimeric porous coordination framework [Ni_3(TPTC)(IN)_2(μ_2-H_2O)_2(CH_3OH)_2)]n· x(solvents)(1, TPTC = terphenyl-3,3?,5,5??-tetracarboxylic acid, IN = isonicotinic acid) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 33739(12), b = 14.820(5), c = 13.568(5) ?, β = 97.388(6)o, V = 6728(4) ?3, Z = 4, Mr = 965.35, Dc = 0.953 g·cm^(-3), F(000) = 1955.5, μ = 0.881 mm^(–1), GOOF = 1.072, the final R = 0.0859 and w R = 0.2424 for 5284 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The structure of 1 is constructed from the linkage of trinuclear {Ni_3} second building units through TPTC and IN spacers, forming a 4,8-connected network of Schl?fli symbol {32.42.52}{34.46.58.68.72}. The CO2 uptake values for 1 are 97.9 m^2·g^(-1) at 273 K and 66.2 m^2·g^(-1) at 298 K, while its N_2 adsorption values are 8.5 m^2·g^(-1) at 273 K and 4.9 m^2·g^(-1) at 298 K, respectively. These results show that 1 has high CO_2/N_2 adsorption selectivity at ambient conditions.

Influence of gas flow on thermal field and stress during growth of sapphire single crystal using Kyropoulos method

The professional modeling software package CrysVUn was employed to study the process of a large sapphire single crystal growth using Kyropoulos method. The influence of gas pressure on thermal field, solid-liquid interface shape, gas velocity field and von Mises stress were studied for the first time. It is found that the root of the seed melt when gas pressure equals to one atmosphere or more than one atmosphere, especially during the seeding period, this result is consistent with the experimental observation, and this paper presents three ways to solve this problem. The temperature gradient and stress decreases significantly as the gas pressure increases. The convexity of the solid-liquid interface slightly increases when the gas pressure increases. Numerical analysis was used to optimize the hot zone design.

Crystallization behavior of Ni_(54)Mn_(25.1)Ga_(20.9) ferromagnetic shape memory thin film

NiMnGaferromagnetic shape memory thin film was deposited onto Al foil using r.f.magnetron sputtering technique.The crystallization behavior of the film was investigated by XRD and DSC.The activation energy of crystallization of the film was calculated by Kissinger’s method.The results show that the crystallization temperature of NiMnGafree-standing thin film in martensite state is 372 ℃,and the activation energy of crystallization is about 191.9 kJ·mol-1.

Crystal Growth and Properties of Co^(2+) doped Y_3Sc_2Ga_3O_(12) Single Crystal

Single crystal of cobalt (Co)-doped Y3Sc2Ga3O12 (YSGG) with the dimensions up to Φ20×40 mm3 and undoped YSGG crystal with the dimensions up to Φ28×60 mm3 have been grown using the Czochralski technique. The structure of the crystal was characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) method. The absorbance spectra of the crystal shows that it has strong absorption bands at 606 and 1540 nm. The results indicate that the crystal Y3Sc2Ga3O12 may be a kind of good Q-switch material.

Synthesis and Properties of New Infrared Nonlinear Optical Li_2Ga_2GeS_6 Crystal

IR Li2Ga2GeS6 nonlinear crystals were directly obtained with the composition of 40GeS2- 30Ga2Ss-30LieS, by the conventional melt-quenching method. The high depth digital image indicated that the obtained LizGa2GeS6 crystals showed a big size of 0.3 × 0.25 × 0.3 mm3. It was shown that the compound was very suscepfive to H20 with second harmonic observation. Besides, the glass-forming region of GeS2-Ga2S3- Li2S system was further studied by the conventional melt-quenching method.GeS2-Ga2S3-Li2S glass-ceramics containing IR Li2Ga2GeS6 nonlinear nanocrystals were obtained at a more carefully controlled heating rate.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Gas Adsorption of a Two-fold Interpenetrated Three-dimensional Framework {[Cd(2-NO_2-BDC)(4,4？-DPA)]·(DMF)}_n

The reaction of Cd（NO_3）_2·4H_2O with 4,4？-dipyridylacetylene（4,4？-DPA） and 2-nitroterephthalic acid（2-NO_2-H_2BDC） in DMF/H_2O mixed solvent has afforded a compound {[Cd（2-NO_2-BDC）（4,4？-DPA）]·（DMF）}_n（1）. Compound 1 has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis, and IR spectrum. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n, with a = 12.1488（3）, b = 14.6689（3）, c = 13.1615（3） ？, β = 111.809（3）o, V = 2177.63（9） ？~3, Z = 4, C_（23）H_（18）N_4O_7 Cd, M_r = 574.81, D_c = 1.753 g/cm^3, μ = 8.523 mm^（-1）, F（000） = 1152, the final R = 0.0411 and wR = 0.1064 for 3589 observed reflections with I 〉 2s（I）. In compound 1, the Cd（Ⅱ） ions are linked by the carboxylate groups of 2-NO_2-BDC ligands to give a two-dimensional layered structure based on the centrosymmetric dinuclear Cd_2（COO）_2 units, which are further connected by the 4,4？-DPA ligands to produce a three-dimensional framework with pcu topology. Careful examination revealed that compound 1 is a 2-fold interpenetrating framework. Furthermore, the gas adsorption properties of 1 for N_2 and CO_2 have also been investigated.

Spectroscopy and Energy Transfer in Yb^(3+) and Tm^(3+) Co-doped Gd_3Ga_5O_(12) Crystal

Yb3＋/Tm3＋ co-doped Gd3Ga5O12 single crystal with a dimension of Φ30mm×20mm was grown successfully by Czochralski method.The absorption spectrum was recorded at room temperature and used to calculate the absorption cross-section.Based on the Judd-Ofelt（J-O） theory,we obtained the three intensity parameters and spectral parameters of this crystal,such as the line strengths,oscillator strengths,radiative probabilities and radiative lifetimes as well as the fluorescent branching ratios.Room temperature fluorescence spectra and luminescence decay curves were recorded.The energy transfer between Yb3＋-Tm3＋ was observed and the mechanism was discussed.The stimulated emission cross-section of the 3F4→3H6 transition was calculated by the Füchtbauer-Ladenburg（F-L） equation.The potential laser gains for this transition were also investigated.This crystal is promising as a tunable infrared laser crystal at 2.0 μm.

Trace Level Gas Sensing Characteristics of Nano-Crystalline Silver Decamolybdate

A soft-chemical method has been developed for the synthesis of nano-crystalline powders of silver decamolybdate. Gas sensing characteristics of this composition both in porous pellet and thin film configurations were investigated. The compound Ag6Mo10O33 was found to sense selectively ammonia at 503 K. Above 503 K it has significant cross sensitivity to petroleum gas (PG). Spin coated thin films exhibited selective sensing towards PG.

天然气水合物微观测试技术与应用进展

天然气水合物作为一种重要的战略资源,其在沉积物中的动态聚散过程非常复杂,涉及的许多科学问题需要从微观层面来解答。微观测试技术可以在毫米、微米甚至纳米尺度上获取研究对象的状态、演化等特征信息,是天然气水合物基础研究的重要手段。本文系统回顾了基于X射线计算机层析扫描(X-CT)、X射线衍射(XRD)、固体核磁共振(NMR)、低场核磁共振(LFNMR)、拉曼光谱(RM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和高压差示扫描量热(HPDSC)等技术建立的天然气水合物微观测试技术体系;重点介绍了各项技术的特点及进展,以及相关微观测试技术在含水合物沉积物微观结构量化表征、微观渗流特征等方面的应用成果与最新进展;提出了天然气水合物微观测试技术与应用的研究方向与趋势,旨在为天然气水合物的深入研究提供更多思路。

镓硼共掺对6英寸VGF法锗单晶电阻率均匀性的影响

由于杂质分凝效应,镓掺杂垂直梯度凝固(VGF)法锗单晶的电阻率分布不均匀,理论上利用镓和硼分凝系数的差异,镓硼共掺工艺可以提升锗单晶电阻率均匀性。采用镓硼共掺工艺制备了6英寸(1英寸≈2.54 cm)VGF法锗单晶,对比分析了掺杂工艺对锗单晶电阻率均匀性的影响。当镓和硼杂质浓度分别为5.13×10^(18)cm^(-3)和0.67×10^(18)cm^(-3)时,在等径0~40 mm范围内轴向电阻率不均匀性为4.92%,等径0 mm和40 mm处径向电阻率不均匀性分别为1.63%和0.45%,与镓杂质浓度为5.13×10^(18)cm^(-3)的镓掺杂工艺相比,锗单晶头部的电阻率均匀性明显提升。当硼杂质浓度提高到1.89×10^(18)cm^(-3)时,镓硼共掺锗单晶头部电阻率均匀性变差。结果表明,适量硼掺杂的镓硼共掺工艺可以提升锗单晶头部电阻率均匀性。

丙胺盐酸盐辅助结合气淬法制备高效宽带隙钙钛矿太阳电池

宽带隙钙钛矿与晶硅电池结合制备叠层太阳电池,其效率可以超越单结太阳电池的理论极限.然而,宽带隙钙钛矿薄膜结晶速率快,导致薄膜结晶质量差且具有大量缺陷,严重降低电池的光电转换性能.本文采用温和的气淬法制备宽带隙钙钛矿薄膜,并引入丙胺盐酸盐作为添加剂改善钙钛矿薄膜的结晶质量.丙胺阳离子与钙钛矿组分相互作用生成了二维钙钛矿相,钙钛矿以二维相作为生长模板降低了α相钙钛矿的形成能,同时辅助钙钛矿均匀成核和择优取向生长,增大了晶粒尺寸.使用该策略制备的带隙为1.68 eV的钙钛矿太阳电池实现了21.48%的光电转换效率.此外,制备的8 cm×8 cm的宽带隙钙钛矿薄膜具有良好的均匀性.本工作为高效、大面积钙钛矿基的光伏器件的制备工艺提供了新的策略.

功能化MIL-101(Cr)修饰QCM气相传感器的组装与甲酸识别

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)是一类主要的大气污染物,对人体健康和环境均可造成危害,因此发展可快速、灵敏检测VOCs的技术具有重要意义.本文分别以乙二胺(ED)和乙醇胺(EA)修饰MIL-101(Cr),制得了MIL-101(Cr)-ED和MIL-101(Cr)-EA,采用滴涂法制备了3种负载MIL-101(Cr)材料的石英晶体微天平(QCM)气相传感器,研究了其对甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、环己烷、二乙胺、甲酸、甲醛、氨气和乙酸的传感性能.实验结果表明,与负载MIL-101(Cr)的传感器相比,负载MIL-101(Cr)-ED和MIL-101(Cr)-EA的QCM传感器对甲酸的吸附性能显著提高,在甲酸浓度为350 mg/L时,传感器的振荡频率分别下降至-375.6和-232.1 Hz.在甲酸浓度为5~350 mg/L时,负载MIL-101(Cr)-ED的QCM传感器对甲酸响应的灵敏度为0.95 Hz·L·mg^(-1),检测限为0.95mg/L,表现出线性良好、灵敏度高、检测限低和重复性好的特点.这表明此类QCM气相传感器在VOCs实时检测方面具有良好的应用前景.