利用GABLS2客观评估GRAPES的边界层参数化方案

根据GABLS(Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study)的第2个个例在GRAPES(Global and Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System)单柱模式中构造了一个试验,用于检验规定的下垫面温度强迫条件下边界层过程的昼夜循环模拟能力。然后,将模拟结果与观测和大涡模拟结果进行了比较。结果表明,在规定的下垫面温度强迫下,GRAPES模拟的2m温度基本合理。然而,对于稳定条件(夜间),GRAPES模拟的向下的感热通量比观测的大,过估10m风速和摩擦速度,过估稳定边界层高度;对于不稳定条件(白天),GRAPES模拟的向上的感热通量比观测的小,低估不稳定边界层高度,低层位温偏冷。随后的敏感试验表明,减小边界层方案中的动量和热量的背景扩散值后,GRAPES模拟的稳定条件下的10m风速和摩擦速度,以及对流边界层的风和温度的廓线更接近大涡模拟。

Evolution of Fire-sealing Gable Walls' Diversity in Leizhou Traditional Vernacular Red-brick Dwellings

Peculiar color and form of Leizhou red-brick folk dwelling distinguishes it from other vernacular dwellings in Lingnan region(south of the Five Ridges, referring to the current Guangdong and Guangxi). The fi re-sealing gable wall(hereinafter referred to as fi re-sealing wall) in brilliant colors, diversifi ed forms and exaggerated shapes is a remarkable symbol of local dwellings. Originating from Fulao traditional vernacular dwelling and inheriting its advantages, fi re-sealing wall of Leizhou red-brick vernacular dwelling has shown diversity for the infl uence of immigrants, regional cultures, social background and economic status, and formed its own features in color, form and decoration. On the basis of fi eld investigation, this paper described diversifi ed features of the fi re-sealing wall of Leizhou red-brick vernacular dwelling, analyzed the causes of its diversity from the perspectives of aesthetics, function and technology, and explored the harmonious living philosophy implied by its function, form and art.

Experimental Research and Finite Element Analysis on Setting Stiffening Rib of Corner Joints in Gabled Frames

In order to clear constructional design of corner joint, it is necessary to further investi-gate mechanical property of corner joint in gabled frames. Through static test and finite element software analysis of comparing the panel zone with and without inclined stiffener. Some conclusions are given in the article. The load displacement curves show that the capacity of oblique nodes installed within stiffening rib components is enhanced i.e. 40% more than those without stiffening rib nodes. The results reveal that in the gabled frames, the corner node with the inclined stiffening rib can improve the bearing capacity of the specimens. When the extraterritorial flange is tension, the erection of the inclined stiffening rib can prevent structural failure and improve effectually the ductility of the structure.

On Nathaniel Hawthorne＇s Cultural-Political Views in Light of the Psychological Descriptions in The House of the Seven Gables

The House of the Seven Gables （1981）, Hawthorne＇s second romance, is his another masterpiece after The Scarlet Letter （1956）. The achievement of its themes and narrative skills has been greatly complimented by readers, especially its descriptions and analyses of the characters＇ psychological activities and their personalities. The notorious Salem Witch Trials of Hawthorne＇s family has a great effect on Hawthorne＇s formation of his views about the good and evil, the sin and penalty, and the psychological descriptive style in his works. In The House of the Seven Gables, Hawthorne takes this family history as the original writing background. Through exploring modem people＇s spiritual essence, using history as narrative original, Hawthorne＇s theme illustrates the past＇s influence on the present. By exploring the changes of the characters＇ psychologies and values, especially those of Holgrave, the narrator proposes a conception of general love to eradicate the actual contradictions. Hawthorne actually provides an alternative way--a nonpolitical solution to the national problems, which demonstrates not only his artistic pursuit but also his culturally political view in his writing. This paper consists of five parts.

Narrative Voices and Theme in The House of the Seven Gables

Under the instruction of the author's own confession in the preface of The House of the Seven Gables, it's easy for readers and critics to take the theme of this novel as past and present, stasis and change, aristocracy and democracy, and then to unfavor?ably judge Pycheon siblings, the representatives of the former, by Holgrave, that of the latter. However, by using two narrative voic?es simultaneously in the novel, an intradiegeitic one and an extradeigetic one, Hawthorne actually reveals his equal disapproval of both the Pycheon siblings and Holgrave. In the intradiegetic narrative, the narrative voice as a whole takes its side with Holgrave and reveals Pycheon siblings'isolation from the united struggle of mankind. In the extradiegetic narrative where the narrator ad?dresses directly to his readers, the narrator expresses a similar disapproval of Holgrave, who is equally isolated from the chain of hu?manity for lacking sympathy for his fellow beings. With the co-existence of two narrative voices, Hawthorne's true concern lies in calling attention to the equally dangerous situations of isolation from the chain of humanity:an isolation from the chain of progress and that of human sympathy.

A Sigh on Anne—Interpreting Anne of Green Gables from the Feminist Perspective

This essay discusses Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables from the perspective of feminist theory.Anne,the heroine can't escape from the influence of the patriarchal thoughts:to women,family is the most important and career is secondary though she is attractive for her beauty,talent,and for her born nature.

木之所栖便是家 亚特兰大Haus Gables住宅

Haus Gables是建筑师Jennifer Bonner在美国亚特兰大老四区完成的一栋住宅。房子的面积约204 m2,是美国仅有的两处由交叉层压木材(CLT)建造的住宅之一。交叉层压木材是一种非常坚固的木质材料,由多层木材黏合而成。这座建筑毗邻亚特兰大环线,为单户家庭住宅,6个山墙屋顶组合成建筑屋顶形态。

Experimental study of wind loads on gable roofs of low-rise buildings with overhangs

Gable roofs with overhangs （eaves） are the common constructions of low-rise buildings on the southeastern coast of China, and they were vulnerable to typhoons from experience. The wind pressure distributions on gable roofs of low-rise buildings are investigated by a series of wind tunnel tests which consist of 99 test cases with various roof pitches, height-depth ratios and width-depth ratios. The block pressure coefficients and worst negative （block） pressure coefficients on different roof regions of low-rise buildings are proposed for the main structure and building envelope, respectively. The effects of roof pitch, height-depth ratio, and width-depth ratio on the pressure coefficients of each region are analyzed in detail. In addition, the pressure coefficients on the roofs for the main structure and building envelope are fitted according to roof pitch, height-depth ratio and width-depth ratio of the low-rise building. Meanwhile, the rationality of the fitting formulas is verified by comparing the fitting results with the codes of different countries. Lastly, the block pressure coefficients and worst negative pressure coefficients are recommended to guide the design of low-rise buildings in typhoon area and act as references for the future＇s modification of wind load codes.

川西传统店宅民居檐廊格局的类型与变迁——以罗城镇船形街为例

店宅民居作为过往地区经济发展的重要枢纽,其空间格局、结构形态均汇聚了地方人文地理、气候用材等特色文脉。文章旨在通过文献梳理、对比分析、实地调研等研究策略,就川西罗城镇船形街中店宅民居檐廊格局的建筑环境、构造方式进行深入研究,以此探究檐廊格局传统构造中的发展韧性,以期对川西地域店宅民居檐廊格局的改造更新产生理论指导作用,传承乡土文化,焕发地域新生。

苏州地区歇山厅堂大木构架演变刍议

歇山建筑之研究是建筑史领域的重要内容。江南尤其是苏州地区宋元时期歇山厅堂具有鲜明的地域特征,是我国歇山建筑体系中的重要支系。探究苏州不同时期歇山厅堂构架之构成及发展特征是充分认知这一建筑谱系的必要环节。本文基于前辈学者之研究成果,梳理宋元以来苏州地区歇山厅堂实例,认为厅堂井字型构架与歇山厦两头屋架之一体性配适是其延续千载的基本构架传统,但随着山面梁架省、置不一,导致其分化为繁复的“设山面梁架的、相对均质的厦一架歇山厅堂”和简约的“无山面梁架的、完全均质的厦一间歇山厅堂”构架。整体构架之视角下,山面梁架作为主要线索,体现出在不同时期的不同作用,影响了苏州地区歇山厅堂构架的发展。

山墙疏透率对大跨度煤棚风荷载的影响研究

为解决在大跨度煤棚中,复杂气流和结构相互作用使得风荷载传递过程较为复杂问题,研究山墙疏透率对大跨度煤棚风荷载的影响。计算获得极值风压系数、整体风力系数以及风荷载体型系数,获取能够反映风荷载变化的关键参数。根据模拟试验结果可知,提高山墙疏透率,能够促进大跨度煤棚内外空气流通,实现气体的交换,使得煤棚风吸力得到有效降低。山墙疏透率增加,煤棚中内压更加影响风压分布,产生正值内压,但是当煤棚山墙处于背风风向角时,煤棚中形成负值内压,造成主体风荷载出现极大力矩。

门式刚架梁柱Γ形节点受力性能的试验研究

完成了4个门式刚架梁柱Γ形端板连接节点试件的拟静力破坏试验,对设加劲肋的外伸式端板连接节点的承载力和刚度特性进行了研究.试验结果表明,必须考虑Γ形端板连接节点刚度对承载性能的影响,节点转动主要由节点域的剪切变形引起,受拉区的螺栓同时受弯矩和轴力作用.结合试验研究结果,对现行规范的相关设计原则进行了分析和验证,讨论了我国现行规范关于外伸式端板连接的设计方法中存在的问题,提出了一些设计建议.

典型双坡屋面风压分布特性风洞试验研究

通过表面压力测量风洞试验对低矮建筑的4种典型双坡屋面上的风压分布规律进行了研究.讨论了屋面和挑檐部分的平均和脉动风压系数在不同风向角下的分布特性,风场湍流强度对屋面脉动风压分布的影响,以及不同挑檐类型对双坡屋面风压空间分布的影响.试验结果表明:在屋脊及屋面边缘附近的平均风压系数绝对值要比屋面内部区域大;脉动风压系数随湍流度增大而增大,一般在迎风屋檐附近比较大;挑檐形式的改变仅对局部风压系数的影响较大,对整体风压系数的影响较小.这些结论为低矮建筑风荷载规范条文的修改提供了参考.

雷暴冲击风作用下双坡屋面风压分布

为了研究雷暴冲击风作用下双坡屋面的风压分布,建造了用于建筑风工程的射流风洞,并对低矮建筑的双坡屋面进行了测压试验.试验装置的气动测试表明,风场的风压分布和风速剖面与理论结果吻合良好,射流风洞可用于雷暴冲击风荷载的相关研究.然后,采用刚性模型的射流风洞测压试验研究双坡屋面的风压分布,为了使研究结果具有代表性,针对15°,30°和60°三种典型的屋面坡角制作刚性屋面模型,试验得到了模型在风场不同位置时的风压分布.试验结果表明:建筑物位于雷暴冲击风场中心附近时,屋面风荷载为较大压力,较常规风荷载更为不利;建筑物远离风场中心时,3种屋面的雷暴冲击风荷载与常规风荷载比较接近.

Gab1与MMP-9在胆管癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨胆管癌中Gab1与MMP-9的表达及意义。方法:胆管癌标本70例,胆管癌旁组织30例,正常胆管组织30例,应用免疫组化法检测Gab1和MMP-9蛋白的表达情况。结果:胆管癌组Gab1的平均光密度为0.1689±0.0268,癌旁组为0.1471±0.0185,正常胆管组为0.1023±0.0119,三组结果比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);胆管癌组MMP-9的平均光密度为0.1887±0.0289,癌旁组为0.1345±0.0196,正常胆管组为0.0758±0.0104,三组结果比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。Gab1和MMP-9在胆管癌中的表达与有无淋巴结转移及肿瘤分期有关(P<0.05),而与肿瘤大小、分化程度无关(P>0.05)。Gab1与MMP-9的表达存在正相关(r=0.362,P<0.05)。结论:Gab1和MMP-9蛋白表达增高与胆管癌的发生、发展及侵袭转移有关;Gab1和MMP-9在胆管癌组织中的表达呈正相关。

低层双坡房屋屋面风荷载的数值研究——坡角和高宽比影响的分析

为探讨屋面坡角和房屋高宽比对低层双坡屋面房屋的屋面风荷载的影响，采用数值模拟方法并结合足尺模型测试的验证，对一系列具有不同坡角和高宽比情况的双坡屋面房屋的屋面风压分布进行了参数分析．利用基于Reynolds时均方程和可实现的κ-ε湍流模型的模拟方法，得到了不同几何外形的屋面平均风压的分布曲线，总结了屋面平均风压系数随高宽比、坡角变化的基本规律．结果表明，随着屋面坡角的增大，迎风屋面的风压绝对值趋于减小，背风屋面则趋于增大，推荐坡角为15°～25°；屋面风压随房屋高宽比的增大而增大．

日光温室山墙对室内太阳直接辐射得热量的影响

该文计算了日光温室室内各个面的太阳直接辐射,结果表明:山墙内侧的太阳直接辐射日变化规律不同于室内其它各个面。对于长度较短的温室,如果忽略山墙的作用,将会忽略山墙内外侧太阳辐射对室内得热的影响,同时忽略山墙在室内各个面产生的阴影,从而高估了室内其它面的太阳辐射得热,高估值随着温室长度的递减而递增,给日光温室热环境的分析带来误差。该文还测量了日光温室各个面的热流量,分析了山墙的蓄热放热过程及其随温室长度变化对室内得热的影响。因此,对长度较短的温室,必须考虑山墙对室内得热的影响。同时也为日光温室长度的确定和室内作物布局提供理论依据。

轻型钢结构风灾易损性概率分析

针对中国典型轻型钢结构建筑,提出风灾易损性的概率分析方法。荷载概率模型考虑屋面板自身重力、围护结构风压、飞掷物冲击破坏,提出屋面板、墙面板、外门窗的抗风承载力概率模型,建议构件风灾破坏的判定准则,给出轻型钢结构的风灾破坏等级矩阵。使用蒙特卡洛模拟得到各类构件及建筑整体的超越破坏易损性曲线,针对某一典型轻型钢结构建筑进行模拟。研究结果表明:屋面板和外门窗的超越破坏概率高于墙面板超越破坏概率;为减少风灾破坏,应当优先选用利于抗风的屋面板型,进而提高外门窗的抗风性能,最后考虑增强墙面板的抗风性能。

双坡光伏车棚屋面风荷载特性

对屋面倾角20°和30°的双坡光伏车棚进行1∶50缩尺刚性模型测压风洞试验,分析屋面整体体型系数、平均风压系数、极值风压系数和局部块体型系数分布规律,与当前国家规范取值及以往试验值进行比较,结果表明垂直风向为屋面正整体体型系数最不利风向,规范取值大于试验值,斜风向为负整体体型系数最不利风向,规范取值偏于不安全;双坡车棚屋面的测点最大吸力出现在屋脊处,最大风压出现在屋檐位置,屋面倾角增加,极值风吸力增大;《建筑结构荷载规范》GB 50009—2012未给出四面开敞的双坡车棚屋面的局部分块体型系数取值方法,双坡车棚屋面屋脊和屋面中部局部分块体型系数试验值大于规范给出的封闭式双坡屋面局部分块体型系数,屋檐边缘区域的试验值低于封闭式双坡屋面的规范取值。

典型低矮双坡屋盖平均风压的数值模拟

基于计算流体动力学软件FLUENT对沿海地区典型的低矮双坡屋面在带漩流修正的Realizable k—ε湍流模型下进行数值模拟.计算域采用四面体网格划分,并对建筑模型近壁面进行适当加密,使用SIMPLEC分离算法完成对非线性离散化方程的求解.依据结果深入分析屋倾角、挑檐长度和风向角三个参数对屋盖平均风压的影响.分析结果表明:屋倾角和风向角对屋面风压影响较大,挑檐长度对迎风屋面影响与其他两个参数相比不显著.