A theoretical and experimental investigation of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber laser

In this paper, the theoretical rate equation model of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber （TDF） laser is investigated. The analytical formulations of pump energy threshold, peak power extraction efficiency, and pulse extraction efficiency are derived through analyzing the interaction process between the pump pulse and the laser pulse. They are useful for understanding, designing, and optimizing the in-band pumped TDF lasers in a 1.9 μm-2.1 μm wavelength region. The experiment with an all-fiber gain-switched TDF laser pumped by a 1.558-μm pulse amplifier is conducted, and our experimental results show good agreement with theoretical analysis.

Analysis of gain distribution in cladding-pumped thulium-doped fiber laser and optical feedback inhibition problem in fiber-bulk laser system

The steady-state gain distribution in cladding pumped thulium-doped fiber laser（TDFL） is analytically and numerically solved based on the rate equations including loss coefficients and cross relaxation effect. With the gain curve, a problem, which is named optical feedback inhibition（OFI） and always occurs in tandem TDFL-Ho：YAG laser system, is analyzed quantitatively. The actual characteristics of output spectra and power basically prove the conclusion of theoretical analysis. Then a simple mirror-deflected L-shaped cavity is employed to restrain the external feedback and simplify the structure of fiber-bulk Ho：YAG laser. Finally, 25 W of 2097-nm laser power and 51.2% of optical-to-optical conversion efficiency are obtained, and the beam quality factor is less than 1.43 obtained by knife-edge method.

Thulium-Doped Fiber Amplifier for Blue Light Signal Amplification

Fluoride-based thulium-doped visible light fiber amplifier(TmVLFA), which can be used to amplify the blue light signal for a visible light communication(VLC) system,is theoretically demonstrated for the first time according to the best of our knowledge. The transition rate equations and power propagation equations are solved to predict the dependence of the gain and noise figure on fiber parameters. The numerical results show that with the pump wavelength 1150 nm and pump power 800 mW, 2.75 m long thulium-doped fiber can amplify blue light(480 nm) signal up to 33.3 dB, and the noise figure is in the range from 3.0 to 3.5 dB. The model and numerical results encourage the use of fiber amplifier in VLC system for blue light amplification to extend the range of VLC.

Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier (TDFA) for S-band WDM Systems

A comprehensive numerical model based on solving rate equations of a thulium-doped silica-based fiber amplifier is evaluated. The pump power and thulium-doped fiber (TDF) length for single-pass Thulium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (TDFA) are theoretically optimized to achieve the optimum Gain and Noise Figure (NF) at the center of S-band region. The 1064 nm pump is used to provide both ground-state and excited state absorptions for amplification in the S-band region. The theoretical result is in agreement with the published experimental result.

Modeling and Experiments of the Gain and Noise Figure for an Irradiated Erbium-Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier

It is crucial to study the effect of radiation on the fiber amplifier devices. In the present paper, the Erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) has been irradiated by a neutron beam of different doses for various exposure times from an Am-241/Be-9 neutron source. The gain and noise figure of the EYDFA have been calculated theoretically and recorded after and before the irradiation to test its performance under the effect of irradiation. In order to show the enhancement in the gain of the fiber amplifier devices, a comparison between the gain of the irradiated EYDFA and Erbium doped Fiber amplifier (EDFA) has been carried out. The calculated results by the proposed model are in good agreement with the experimental ones. It indicates that the gain of EYDFA deteriorates after being irradiated by a neutron dose. Moreover, the gain of irradiated EYDFA has been reduced to 13.8 dB at a dose of 720 Gy.

Double Clad Er-doped Fiber Amplifier

Presented is a theoretical study of double-clad Er-doped fiber power amplifier(EDFA). Two kinds of double clad fibers(DCF) with rectangular and "flower" inner clad shapes are studied, and these fibers have different coupling constants and propagation losses. We calculate the effective pump power absorption ratio along the fiber with different coupling constants from the first cladding to the doped core and with different propagation losses for the power in the inner cladding. Then the gains of the double clad Er-doped fiber amplifiers versus fiber lengths are calculated using the EDFA model based on propagation and rate equations of a homogeneous, two-level medium.

双包层掺铥光纤放大器中的受激布里渊散射

理论分析了波长为2μm的掺铥光纤放大器中受激布里渊散射(SBS)对激光输出性能的影响,研究了双包层掺铥光纤在793 nm的泵浦波长和1.9~2.1μm的激光工作波段的光模分布、有效折射率、有效模场面积和归一化频率,数值计算了在1.9~2.1μm的激光工作波段双包层掺铥光纤中的布里渊频移和布里渊增益谱等SBS特性。利用增益光纤中的受激布里渊散射理论模型,研究了受激布里渊散射对掺铥光纤放大器激光输出性能的影响。在DTDF-10/130双包层掺铥光纤中,使用功率为100 W、波长为793 nm的连续光作为泵浦,可对波长为2μm、功率为0.01 W的连续信号光进行放大。当泵浦光功率填充因子为0.01、0.02和0.03时,信号光的最大输出功率分别为25.27 W、31.08 W和34.06 W。对应的最佳双包层光纤长度为2.66 m、2.02 m和1.75 m,由受激布里渊散射产生的斯托克斯光功率分别为1.68 W、1.39 W和1.14 W。结果表明,在掺铥光纤放大器中使用泵浦光功率填充因子大的双包层光纤可以降低光纤长度,从而减小受激布里渊散射对信号激光输出功率的影响。本文的数值模型可以对光纤放大器的光纤长度进行优化,对提高实验效率、降低实验成本具有重要价值。

Gain and Noise Properties of Bidirectional EDFAs

建立了考虑ＡＳＥ谱和背景损耗影响的双向掺铒光纤放大器（ＢｉＥＤＦＡ）稳态放大速率方程模型，分析了增益与掺铒光纤长度、输入信号光功率、泵浦光功率及泵浦方式等结构参数之间的关系，研究了单向和双向等功率泵浦下正反向噪声系数随正反向信号光输入功率的变化行为。

2μm大能量掺铥脉冲光纤激光器研究进展

2μm波段掺铥脉冲光纤激光器目前可实现最高毫焦量级的能量输出,对医疗、材料、通信等领域有重要意义。本文主要介绍近年来大能量掺铥光纤激光器系统研究的主要进展,讨论大能量掺铥光纤激光器的技术类型和影响因素。在此基础上,对大能量掺铥光纤激光器的研究前景进行展望。

三模掺铒光纤放大器仿真设计及实验研究

少模光纤放大技术是确保模分复用光纤通信系统远距离传输的关键技术,其增益、噪声系数及模式间增益差直接影响通信性能。为设计可用于模分复用的高增益、低噪声系数三模掺铒光纤放大器,建立少模掺铒光纤放大器理论模型,仿真设计其各项参数,之后结合实验结果进行参数优化,实现小信号增益大于30 dB,噪声系数小于6 dB,模式间增益差小于2 dB,并且各模式信号光在三模掺铒光纤放大器中稳定传输放大,光束轮廓无明显畸变。所设计的三模掺铒光纤放大器为进一步模分复用通信实验研究打下了基础。

基于915 nm泵浦的铒镱共掺双包层光纤放大器

搭建了级联光纤放大系统,掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)作为预放大级,铒镱共掺双包层光纤放大器作为功率放大级。为了提高镱离子吸收效率,实现功率稳定输出,功率放大级选择915 nm的半导体激光器作为泵浦源,铒镱共掺双包层光纤作为增益介质,采用前向泵浦的方式,对可调谐光源输入的1540~1565 nm波段的信号光进行了放大。在信号光功率为10 mW,预放大级泵浦功率为500 mW的条件下,对不同波长的信号光经过级联光纤放大系统进行了放大,最终在1565 nm处获得1.106 W的最高输出功率。

Gain performances of 980 nm-pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

Through the introduction of the overlapping factors between the light (pump and signal) intensities and the erbium doping distributions inside the fiber core, analytical solutions of homogeneously broadened two-level systems for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers pumped in the 980 nm absorption band have been derived from EDFA rate equations and light propagation equations in steady-state case. By using these deduced expressions and numerical simulated methods, important features characterizing the amplifiers such as gain, pump threshold power, optimum fiber length have been analyzed and discussed.

Channel Pre-emphasis Equalization for a 270km 40×40 Gbit/s WDM System with Cascaded EDFAs/Raman Amplifiers

Optical channel pre-emphasis equalization is experimentally researched for a 270 km 40 × 40 Gbit/s wavelength division multiplexing （WDM） transmission system with three Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers （ED- FAs） and Raman amplifiers concatenated as booster amplifier. The channel imbalance of the overall system changes with different sets of power launched into EDFAs. By appropriately choosing the power input to concatenated EDFAs, the output spectrum of 40 channel signal can be equalized to the most extent. The merit of benefit can be around 5.5 dB by this pre-emphasis equalization. The requirement for the gain equalizer is therefore greatly released. Then the gain imbalance of the overall system and the power imbalance of 40 channels are compared and the two almost matches, but the significant difference lies on some channels. Finally, the pump power into Raman amplifier is also optimized, and another 1.3 dB improvement of channel equaliza- tion can be further achieved.

2-μm MOPA结构全光纤激光器输出特性研究

为改善高功率掺铥光纤激光器(TDFL)的输出性能,提高系统的光-光转化效率,研制了一种全光纤主振荡功率放大结构(MOPA)的高功率TDFL,可在连续(CW)和准连续(QCW)两种模式下工作。首先,搭建了激光振荡器,对种子源激光器的输出特性进行研究。接着,搭建掺铥光纤放大器,并将其与激光振荡器连接,研究MOPA结构光纤激光器的输出特性。最后,在QCW调制模式下,分析MOPA结构光纤激光器的脉冲特性。结果表明:激光振荡器实现了中心波长为1 940 nm连续稳定的激光输出,最高平均输出功率为18.56 W,斜率效率为54.84%,且光谱无拉曼成分。利用该低功率连续激光作为种子源经过自制的掺铥光纤放大器后,平均输出功率可达66.9 W,斜率效率为48.48%。当系统在QCW模式下工作时,可以实现对频率和占空比的调节,且当频率为75 Hz,占空比为10%时,经计算其峰值功率为80.3 W。该研究方案对研制2μm波段更高功率的MOPA激光器具有参考意义。

L-波段光纤放大器及其研究进展

介绍了实现Ｌ－波段放大的三种光纤放大器:增益移位掺饵光纤放大器、掺饵碲化物光纤放大器和光纤拉曼放大器,就每一种光纤放大器的原理、结构、特点和发展现状进行了综述．

掺铒光纤放大器的理论模拟与全局分析

基于Giles模型并考虑了ASE噪音 ,对各种泵浦方式下的掺铒光纤放大器 (EDFA)进行了数值模拟 提出了一种新的分析方法 (增益 噪音指数全局分析法 ) ,直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪音指数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系 。

WDM用增益平坦的高增益低噪声双段级联掺铒光纤放大器

给出了设计波分复用 (WDM)用高增益、低噪声和宽带宽增益平坦的双段级联掺铒光纤放大器 (EDFA)的一般步骤和方法 通过优化设计各种参量 ,研制出了一台高增益、低噪声和宽带宽增益平坦的双段级联EDFA样机 ,实现了从 15 2 4 .8～ 15 6 1.4nm共 36 .6nm带宽内± 0 .32 5dB的平坦增益 ,0dBm输入时 ,饱和输出功率大于 15dBm的高功率输出 ;噪声指数低于

高功率掺镱双包层光纤放大器放大特性理论模拟

运用掺镱双包层光纤放大器的理论模型,分析了连续和脉冲光放大时放大自发辐射(ASE)的计算方法。采用Runge-Kutta方法求解了考虑ASE稳态时掺镱双包层光纤放大器的放大特性,采用有限差分法求解了矩形、高斯和超高斯脉冲的放大特性。结果表明:用3 m长的双包层光纤、10 W的泵浦功率可以将脉宽3 ns、峰值功率为1 W的脉冲信号光峰值功率放大到15 kW左右;在饱和增益情况下,脉冲的波形变尖,宽度变窄;采用短的大模场双包层光纤和后向泵浦方式可以有效地降低ASE,并避免有害非线性效应。

高频CO_2激光脉冲写入的新型长周期光纤光栅及其在光通信中的应用

报道了一种利用频率为几千赫兹的高频 CO2激光脉冲的热冲击效应制作长周期光纤光栅的新技术。实验中,作者首次发现这种新型的长周期光纤光栅具有一些独特的光学特性,比如弯曲特性和横向负载特性等,这主要是因为用高频 CO2激光脉冲写成的长周期光纤光栅的横截面折射率分布不对称所致。基于这种新型长周期光纤光栅,设计了一种用于减小掺铒光纤放大器噪声系数的 ASE 噪声滤波器和平坦掺铒光纤放大器增益谱的增益均衡器,此外,还利用这种新型长周期光纤光栅独特的弯曲和压力特性,研究设计了两种用于动态平坦掺铒光纤放大器增益谱的动态增益均衡器。

增益开关锁模2μm铥/钬共掺光纤激光器

首次报道了中心波长为1958nm的增益开关锁模铥/钬共掺光纤激光器,增益开光脉冲包络和锁模次脉冲的重复频率分别为20kHz和14.8MHz。将此增益开关锁模光纤激光作为种子源,在掺铥光纤放大器中产生了平坦的超连续谱光源。超连续谱的最大输出功率为2.17 W,其长波长边已扩展到2750nm,10dB带宽约为640nm(光谱范围1953～2593nm)。