基于GainRatio降维算法的流量聚类研究

随着网络数据流量的快速增长,需要高效的流量分类技术来实现网络管理、流量控制和安全检测。传统基于端口和有效负载的流量分类方法准确率低,无监督学习方法往往仅采用单一的聚类算法对数据进行聚类分析,且较少研究对数据本身的处理。为了解决上述问题,提出了先运用GainRatio信息增益率方法对原始数据进行降维处理,再将降维后的数据进行聚类的方法。实验结果表明:提出的方法不仅有效地提高了运行效率,而且随着聚类个数的增加,也明显地提高了高准确率的收敛速度。

Power Ratio Gain Technique and General Integral Control

In conjunction with general integral control, and synthesizing Singular perturbation and Equal ratio gain techniques, this paper proposes a new control design technique, named Power ratio gain technique, and then by Lyapunov method, theorem to ensure regionally as well as semi-globally asymptotic stability is established in terms of some bounded information. The highlight point is that it not only inherits all the essences of Singular perturbation and Equal ratio gain techniques but also makes up for their shortcomings, and then the conservatism of control input can be improved by compromising the Power ratio coefficients. Theoretical analysis, design example and simulation results show that Power ratio gain technique is a simple, practical and powerful tool to deal with the uncertain nonlinear system.

Intoxication Induced by Urea Containing Diets in Broiler Chickens: Effect on Weight Gain, Feed Conversion Ratio, Hematological and Biochemical Profiles

Urea as a source of cheap non-protein nitrogen is used to adulterate fish and meat meals which are basic components of broiler diets. The present study was carried out to elucidate the effects of urea on weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles. A total of 48 broiler chicks were randomly allotted into 4 groups, designated Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 of 12 birds each. Birds in Groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed on diets containing urea at the levels of 1%, 2.5% and 4%, respectively. Birds in Group 1 served as control and were not exposed to urea. Experimentation period was for 3 weeks and experiment was terminated when birds were 42 days of age. Body weight of all intoxicated birds at the various intervals was significantly decreased in comparison with that of the untreated control. Compared with control, all intoxicated broilers manifested significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in all hematological parameters involving erythrocytic and total leucocytic counts, Hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) on a dose- and time-pattern. In comparison with the control levels, biochemical profile of the intoxicated birds disclosed significant decrease in blood glucose level and significant increase in serum uric acid, urea, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Based upon the present data, it was concluded that the addition of urea to broiler diets bears serious sequences concerning the general health condition, performance, weight gain, and hematological and biochemical profiles.

Equal Ratio Gain Technique and Its Application in Linear General Integral Control

In conjunction with linear general integral control, this paper proposes a fire-new control design technique, named Equal ratio gain technique, and then develops two kinds of control design methods, that is, Decomposition and Synthetic methods, for a class of uncertain nonlinear system. By Routh’s stability criterion, we demonstrate that a canonical system matrix can be designed to be always Hurwitz as any row controller gains, or controller and its integrator gains increase with the same ratio. By solving Lyapunov equation, we demonstrate that as any row controller gains, or controller and its integrator gains of a canonical system matrix tend to infinity with the same ratio, if it is always Hurwitz, and then the same row solutions of Lyapunov equation all tend to zero. By Equal ratio gain technique and Lyapunov method, theorems to ensure semi-globally asymptotic stability are established in terms of some bounded information. Moreover, the striking robustness of linear general integral control and PID control is clearly illustrated by Equal ratio gain technique. Theoretical analysis, design example and simulation results showed that Equal ratio gain technique is a powerful tool to solve the control design problem of uncertain nonlinear system.

Nonlinear General Integral Control Design via Equal Ratio Gain Technique

This paper proposes two kinds of nonlinear general integral controllers, that is, one is generic and another is practical, for a class of uncertain nonlinear system. By extending equal ratio gain technique to a canonical interval system matrix and using Lyapunov method, theorems to ensure regionally as well as semi-globally asymptotic stability are established in terms of some bounded information. Moreover, for the practical nonlinear integral controller, a real time method to evaluate the equal ratio coefficient is proposed such that its value can be chosen moderately. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrated that not only nonlinear general integral control can effectively deal with the uncertain nonlinear system but also equal ratio gain technique is a powerful and practical tool to solve the control design problem of dynamics with the nonlinear and uncertain actions.

Effect of Enteromorpha from Qingdao Coasts on Weight Gain Perform ance of Broilers

This study was to investigate the effect of enteromorpha from Qingdao coasts on weight gain of Arbor Acres broilers. Four thousands of 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four groups （1 000 for each）, i. e., one group was fed with basal diet as the control, and the other three were fed with basal diet added with 1.0%, 2.0% or 3.0% of enteromorpha as treatment groups. After 42 days of feeding trial, broilers in three treatment groups all gave a significantly increased average daily weight gain and feed to gain ratio in comparison with the control group （P 〈0. O1 ） ; within treatment groups, those added with 3.0% enteromorpha assumed a significantly higher average daily gain and feed to gain than with 3.0% enteromorpha （P 〈0.05）, while an insignificantly difference with 2.0% enteromorpha group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The results indicated that adding appropriate amount of enteromorpha can facilitate the improvement of broiler performance.

Aspect Ratio: A Major Controlling Factor of Radiation Characteristics of Microstrip Antenna

The effect of aspect ratio (width-to-length ratio) on overall radiation characteristics of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is theoretically investigated with a view to develop a concrete physical insight in to the phenomenon. The detailed variation of co polarized and cross polarized radiation performance as a function of aspect ratio is thoroughly presented. The gain enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna along with a radical variation of cross polarized field radiation with aspect ratio is obtained. Indeed the conjecture of occurring different fringing fields with different aspect ratio is employed to theoretically estimate the effective size of a rectangular patch, and hence to determine the quantitative change in the gain value. Close agreement amongst the theory and simulations justifies the conjecture indicating a concrete physical insight in to the fact. The aspect ratio for which the cross polarized field radiation is minimum for a particular patch is also presented and justified quantitatively.

The Effect of Quantitative Feed Restriction Duration on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

The growth productivity of broilers is influenced by improving growth performance through improving body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion rate. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of quantitative feed restriction duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. A total of 144 day-old broiler chicks were reared in a deep litter system until slaughter at 42 days. Chicks were randomly allocated to three treatments which were replicated three times with 16 birds per replicate. The three treatments were the control (T1), one week of feed restriction (T2), and two weeks of feed restriction (T3). Birds were fed with starter, grower and finisher diets. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were computed for each week. Carcass weight and internal organs weights were measured. The body weight gained by the birds in T1 was similar to the birds that were restricted for a week. The treatments had a significant effect on the average daily gain in weeks 4, 5, and 6. The ADG for T2 was higher (P < 0.05) at week 5 after 1 week of restriction, than T1 and T3. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in T3 after 2 weeks of restriction. In T2 and T3, feed intake was significantly lower than in birds fed ad libitum at week 4 at the start of the treatment. There was no significant effect on the relative weights of heart weights, liver, gizzard, feet, and heads among the treatment groups except for intestine weight which was lower (P < 0.05) in T1 than T2 and T3. It was concluded that broilers that were restricted for one week had a positive result in growth performance. Feed restriction had minimal effect on the organ weights of broiler chickens.

一种软开关推挽变换器最优谐振电感设计方法

针对储能系统应用,基于推挽DC/DC谐振变换器,提出了一种新型谐振电感设计方法,解决了采用低压电池供电的推挽升压变换器存在输入输出增益比和效率不能兼顾的问题,提高了推挽变换器的整机效率。介绍了软开关推挽变换器基本原理,分析了变换器的正反向增益特性,计算了变换器的各部分损耗,给出了损耗与死区时间的约束曲线,寻找到了最优电感量设计值,并通过仿真数据得到了验证。最后搭建了600W软开关推挽变换器实验样机,验证了该设计方法的有效性和实用性。

阻垢剂在低温多效海水淡化装置中的工业化应用

目前我国低温多效海水淡化水处理药剂基本为国外公司垄断,价格昂贵。国产海水淡化阻垢缓蚀剂也正在突破瓶颈,质量、性能日渐成熟,但是缺乏统一、完善系统的方法验证,同时缺乏大型海水淡化工程考核验收平台,导致海水淡化水处理药剂价格居高不下。为打破国外垄断,提升我国海水淡化药剂自主创新能力和核心竞争力,并降低药剂使用成本,采用2.5万t/d低温多效海水淡化装置,开展了SD210阻垢剂在工业化试验装置中应用研究。试验结果表明:在为期2个月的试验期内,在SD210投加质量浓度为4~8 mg/L条件下,装置运行安全、平稳,无明显结垢和腐蚀现象;且海水淡化装置产品水水质优于《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)所规定的指标要求。综上,SD210阻垢性能良好,能满足低温多效海水淡化装置使用要求。

汽车线控转向系统自适应变增益传动比设计

转向传动比是影响车辆主动安全性及操纵稳定性的重要因素。为改善线控转向车辆在低附着系数路面下的转向特性,设计了随路面附着系数和车速变化而自适应调整的变增益传动比。建立汽车二自由度模型,分析影响横摆角速度增益的因素,并通过仿真得到影响因素与增益之间的数据关系。采用Min-Max归一化方法,将影响因素与横摆角速度增益之间的数据进行预处理,构建神经网络数据集;设计蛇算法优化的BP神经网络(SO-BP),利用预处理后的数据集对SO-BP神经网络进行训练,由此动态获取变横摆角速度增益。采用变横摆角速度增益与侧向加速度增益按比例综合的策略,设计线控转向变增益传动比。利用Simulink-CarSim搭建线控转向整车模型,分别在高附着系数路面双移线工况和低附着系数路面角阶跃工况下,将所设计的变增益传动比与传统定增益传动比进行对比分析。结果表明:高附着系数路面条件下,两种传动比车辆的行驶轨迹误差保持在3%以内,而变增益传动比车辆的转向盘转角峰值降低了9.1%;低附着系数路面条件下,变增益传动比车辆在中低车速下的横摆角速度稳态值降低了22.3%、峰值降低了24.6%,中高车速下的横摆角速度稳态值降低了6.6%、峰值降低了10.8%。变增益传动比不仅可以提高车辆在高附着系数路面上的转向灵敏度,也改善了在低附着系数路面上行驶的安全性与操纵性。

A Cooperative Diversity Analysis of Two User Mobile Communication System with Maximal Ratio Combining

Cooperative communication is going to play a vital role in the next generation wireless networks. In this paper we derive the expression for symbol error probability (SEP) of a two-user cooperative diversity system, where two users cooperate through the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation in a flat Rayleigh fading environment. We compare the computational results obtained by the SEP expression with the simulation results using maximal-ratio combining (MRC), equal-gain combining (EGC) and selection combining (SC) techniques. Numerical results show the performance of a cooperative diversity system with maximal-ratio combining is giving better results compared to SC and EGC techniques.

偶极子对激发的宽带平面端射高增益天线

文中提出了一款单向辐射特性的微带缝隙结构双偶极子宽带天线。该天线由阶梯型缝隙结构、共面双偶极子和5组引向器构成。阶梯型缝隙结构用于改善阻抗匹配,拓展了天线的带宽;共面双偶极子改善了天线的辐射特性;引向器提高了天线的增益。仿真和实测表明,该天线的相对带宽为66.4%(5.78 GHz~11.53 GHz),带内前后比为15.7 dB~27.4 dB、增益为8.4 dBi~11.9 dBi,并且天线的交叉极化低、辐射方向图稳定。该天线的良好性能使其在无线通信和雷达领域的应用具有极强的吸引力。

逐像元自适应增益成像系统的星上辐射定标方法

逐像元自适应增益成像系统通过在每个像元的电子链路中集成四档不同容积的积分电容,可以在确保高信噪比的前提下实现大动态范围的遥感成像需求。此成像系统在发射前测试时,由于甚低增益(ULG)的动态范围过大而实验室积分球能量有限,只能通过与低增益(LG)的比例系数递推来间接对ULG后半量程的输出特性标定;星载太阳定标器反射能量过大会导致高增益(HG)和中增益(MG)输出饱和也无法直接测定辐射定标系数,只可通过比例系数推定。提出一种星上增益比例系数测定的方案,分别利用四档增益的输出作为特征对实验图像分类,将不同成像目标的输出码值作为多个定标能级,利用最小二乘法线性拟合相邻增益输出后得到相邻增益的比例系数。此方案验证了实验室增益比例系数测定结果,同时在外场成像实验中用该方法计算得到的比例系数用于相邻两档增益中较低增益图像反演较高增益图像,结果与实际较高增益图像对比归一化均方误差大部分小于0.01、两图像结构相关系数基本在90%左右、数据相关系数达到90%。证明该方法测定的相邻两增益比例相关系数有较高准确性,在星上辐射定标时用于高增益辐射定标系数的递推求取有极大的可行性,解决了星上不能直接对HG、MG辐射定标的问题。

振动筒传感器自动增益谐振电路仿真设计和测试

基于结型场效应管(JFET)可变电阻区和夹断区的特性,对振动筒传感器自动增益谐振电路进行仿真设计和测试。重点论述了激励信号占空比与振动筒电气特性的关系,自动增益控制谐振电路的实现方式和谐振电路激励端输出信号的波形、幅值和占空比设计思路。通过对振动筒的激励信号波形、幅值和占空比的设计,有效提高了传感器性能稳定和输出信号质量。

基于自动增益控制的信号量化损耗分析

在卫星信号接收的过程中,量化是模数转换的重要环节,信号量化会带来能量损失,对于信号后续的处理产生影响,根据信号特性选取合适的量化位数和系统基准功率可以有效改善这种损失.本文采用量化前后信号信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)对比的形式来直观表示量化损耗,并给出了一般性分析公式.说明了自动增益控制(automatic gain control,AGC)模块在信号量化中的作用,结合量化损耗公式,通过确定最佳增益系数给出了一种基准功率的选取方式,使得不同SNR的信号量化损耗明显降低.仿真结果表明:在低位量化时,该方式对卫星导航信号的量化损耗能改善约1.5 dB.该分析对于接收机的设计以及工程实现具有一定的参考意义.

幅相误差对体积阵MVDR波束形成的影响

体积阵是一种由多个水听器组成的立体阵列,能够增大潜标接收基阵的孔径,获得较大的空间增益,工程中多将其制作成具有收合、展开功能的阵列应用于低频吊放声呐。由于各水听器通道内器件参数和幅度增益不一致,体积阵的每个阵元接收到的信号之间存在幅相误差。文中通过建立存在幅相误差时的双圆环体积阵模型,从统计学角度分析了幅相误差对其协方差矩阵、最小方差无畸变(MVDR)波束形成器的输出信噪比(SNR)、阵增益以及方位估计精度的影响。计算机仿真结果表明,阵列幅相误差的存在会导致MVDR波束形成器的输出SNR和阵增益降低;对于相位误差而言,当输入SNR在-5 dB以上时,这种影响随输入SNR的增大越来越明显;对于幅度误差而言,当输入SNR在-10 dB以上时,幅度误差对MVDR波束形成器的输出SNR和阵增益的影响会更显著;并且,相比于幅度误差,MVDR波束形成的方位估计精度对相位误差更加敏感。

不同蛋白水平全价颗粒饲料对育肥公羊育肥效果对比研究

本研究主要探讨不同蛋白水平全价颗粒饲料对育肥公羊育肥效果对比。选择体重20 kg左右公羊共计120只(湖羊、澳湖杂交羊、欧拉羊、湖藏杂交羊、萨湖杂交羊各24只),每一个品种公羊随机平均分为3组,分别饲喂蛋白含量12.96%(LP组)、15.04%(MP组)、17.04%(HP组)的全价颗粒饲料,饲喂105 d,研究体重、养殖效益、体尺相关性等指标。结果显示:湖羊、澳湖、萨湖MP组和HP组羊日增重显著高于LP组(P<0.01),湖藏杂交羊3组间差异不显著(P>0.05),欧拉羊日增重HP组显著高于其他2组(P<0.05),澳湖、萨湖羊增重速度最快,日增重达到300 g以上;湖羊、澳湖、萨湖、湖藏MP组和HP组羊料重比显著低于LP组(P<0.01),欧拉羊3组差异均显著(P>0.05),不同品种羊MP组日养殖效益均优于HP组;湖羊、澳湖、萨湖、湖藏羊体重与各体尺之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),欧拉羊体重与体长呈极显著相关(P<0.01),体重与胸围、体长呈显著相关(P<0.05)。

党参提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道健康的影响

[目的]研究党参提取物对促进断奶仔猪生长及改善其肠道健康的影响,为改善仔猪健康和提高生猪养殖效益提供依据。[方法]选取21日龄性别、品种相同的三元断奶仔猪24头,随机分为3组,每组8个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分为低剂量组和高剂量组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%和0.2%的党参提取物,试验期间对其生长性能、血清生化指标和小肠结构进行测定。[结果]与对照组相比,党参提取物的低剂量组和高剂量组仔猪的平均日增质量分别显著提高了11.28%和20.00%,料重比分别显著降低了6.82%和9.85%;低剂量组和高剂量组的断奶仔猪血清谷草转氨酶活性分别显著降低了36.28%和39.24%,乳酸脱氢酶活性分别显著降低了28.07%和35.22%;试验组的谷草/谷丙比值显著降低。饲粮中添加党参提取物显著提高了断奶仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度,并显著增加了十二指肠和空肠的绒隐比;但对断奶仔猪脏器指数无显著影响。[结论]在饲粮中添加党参提取物能够显著改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,减少肝脏损伤,并促进肠道健康。其中,以0.2%的添加比例效果最佳。

具有自均压功能的新型高增益LLC谐振变换器

LLC谐振变换器具有开关损耗低、运行效率高的优势,但电压增益调节范围受开关频率与变压器匝比限制,无法满足光伏微网系统应用场景的需要。为此,文章提出一种采用变频控制的高增益LLC谐振变换器。该变换器通过改变传统全桥LLC的整流网络结构,使其具有更高的升压能力,并使高压侧器件电压应力降低为输出电压的一半,更好地适应高电压场合。文章首先详细分析了该变换器工作在欠谐振模式下的工作原理及自均压原理;其次,推导变换器电压增益及器件电压应力;再次,通过变换器的小信号模型设计闭环控制器,实现了电压闭环;最后,通过搭建一台650 W的实验样机,验证理论分析的正确性。