In recent years, Galium aparine L. has not been controlled by tribenuron-methyl in major Chinese winter wheat fields. The objective of this study is to understand the molecular basis of the resistance mechanism to tri...In recent years, Galium aparine L. has not been controlled by tribenuron-methyl in major Chinese winter wheat fields. The objective of this study is to understand the molecular basis of the resistance mechanism to tribenuron-methyl in G. aparine and to find the specific mutation sites in amino acid sequence of acetolactate synthase （ALS） in the resistant biotype of G. aparine. Fragments that encode the ALS were amplified and cloned from susceptible （S） and resistant （R） biotypes of G. aparine to tribenuron-methyl and sequenced subsequently. The result showed that the nucleotide sequence of Rbiotype of G. aparine differed from that of the S biotype with three amino acid substitutions, of which, the amino acid substitution of Trp57-4 （TGG） to Gly （GGG） is located in the highly conserved region Domain B. The substitution of Trp574 might be responsible for the resistance to tribenuron-methyl in the R-biotype of G. aparine.展开更多
Aureobasidium pullulans, a biocontrol agent for the annual weed Galium aparine L. was evaluated in vitro for its compatibility with commercial formulation of five herbicides at 1X(recommended field rate), 0.5X, 0.2X, ...Aureobasidium pullulans, a biocontrol agent for the annual weed Galium aparine L. was evaluated in vitro for its compatibility with commercial formulation of five herbicides at 1X(recommended field rate), 0.5X, 0.2X, 0.1X, 0.067 X, and 0.05 X concentrations. Germination of A. pullulans with paraquat, 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim treatment appeared reduced compared with germination of A. pullulans with fluroxypyr treatment at all concentrations. Stunted and shorter germ tubes in comparison with the control were observed with 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim at 0.2X. All concentration of paraquat, 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim except0.05 X, significantly decreased radial growth of A. pullulans compared with its growth on the untreated PDA medium. Field trials to further develop A. pullulans as biocontrol agent for control G. aparine L. was conducted to test the effectiveness of this fungus in wheat plots for 2 years at the same location in Xining. Treatments included spore suspensions of A. pullulans alone, a mixture of both fungus and fluroxypyr in wheat. Biocontrol agent effectiveness was estimated at approximately 7and 14 days after treatment, as disease incidence, percent weed control, and weed biomass reduction. Significant reduction in weed biomass occurred in combination treatments, and potential exists to tank mix A. pullulans with fluroxypyr. Leaf surface moisture and air temperatures following application may account for inconsistencies in field results between years. This fungal organisms show potential as bioherbicides for weeds in G. aparine L.展开更多
对茜草科拉拉藤属植物蓬子菜(Galium verum L)全草的乙醇[Ф(乙醇)=95%]提取物进行分离和鉴定.经反复纯化制备化合物,并根据化合物的理化性质分析、波谱解析、对照品比较及与文献报道对比鉴定化合物的化学结构.从蓬子菜全草的乙醇[Ф(乙...对茜草科拉拉藤属植物蓬子菜(Galium verum L)全草的乙醇[Ф(乙醇)=95%]提取物进行分离和鉴定.经反复纯化制备化合物,并根据化合物的理化性质分析、波谱解析、对照品比较及与文献报道对比鉴定化合物的化学结构.从蓬子菜全草的乙醇[Ф(乙醇)=95%]提取物中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为芥子酸(1)、丁香酸(2)、咖啡酸丁酯(3)、原儿茶酸(4)、4-羟基苯甲酸(5)、咖啡酸(6)和绿原酸(7),化合物1～5为从该属植物中首次分离得到.展开更多
基金funded by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, 2006BAD08A09)
文摘In recent years, Galium aparine L. has not been controlled by tribenuron-methyl in major Chinese winter wheat fields. The objective of this study is to understand the molecular basis of the resistance mechanism to tribenuron-methyl in G. aparine and to find the specific mutation sites in amino acid sequence of acetolactate synthase （ALS） in the resistant biotype of G. aparine. Fragments that encode the ALS were amplified and cloned from susceptible （S） and resistant （R） biotypes of G. aparine to tribenuron-methyl and sequenced subsequently. The result showed that the nucleotide sequence of Rbiotype of G. aparine differed from that of the S biotype with three amino acid substitutions, of which, the amino acid substitution of Trp57-4 （TGG） to Gly （GGG） is located in the highly conserved region Domain B. The substitution of Trp574 might be responsible for the resistance to tribenuron-methyl in the R-biotype of G. aparine.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31160371,30860165)the National Key Technology R&D program of China(No.2012BAD19B02)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863Program)of China(No.2011AA10A206)
文摘Aureobasidium pullulans, a biocontrol agent for the annual weed Galium aparine L. was evaluated in vitro for its compatibility with commercial formulation of five herbicides at 1X(recommended field rate), 0.5X, 0.2X, 0.1X, 0.067 X, and 0.05 X concentrations. Germination of A. pullulans with paraquat, 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim treatment appeared reduced compared with germination of A. pullulans with fluroxypyr treatment at all concentrations. Stunted and shorter germ tubes in comparison with the control were observed with 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim at 0.2X. All concentration of paraquat, 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim except0.05 X, significantly decreased radial growth of A. pullulans compared with its growth on the untreated PDA medium. Field trials to further develop A. pullulans as biocontrol agent for control G. aparine L. was conducted to test the effectiveness of this fungus in wheat plots for 2 years at the same location in Xining. Treatments included spore suspensions of A. pullulans alone, a mixture of both fungus and fluroxypyr in wheat. Biocontrol agent effectiveness was estimated at approximately 7and 14 days after treatment, as disease incidence, percent weed control, and weed biomass reduction. Significant reduction in weed biomass occurred in combination treatments, and potential exists to tank mix A. pullulans with fluroxypyr. Leaf surface moisture and air temperatures following application may account for inconsistencies in field results between years. This fungal organisms show potential as bioherbicides for weeds in G. aparine L.
文摘对茜草科拉拉藤属植物蓬子菜(Galium verum L)全草的乙醇[Ф(乙醇)=95%]提取物进行分离和鉴定.经反复纯化制备化合物,并根据化合物的理化性质分析、波谱解析、对照品比较及与文献报道对比鉴定化合物的化学结构.从蓬子菜全草的乙醇[Ф(乙醇)=95%]提取物中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为芥子酸(1)、丁香酸(2)、咖啡酸丁酯(3)、原儿茶酸(4)、4-羟基苯甲酸(5)、咖啡酸(6)和绿原酸(7),化合物1～5为从该属植物中首次分离得到.
