Helicobacter pylori gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and its pathogenic role

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)is a bacterial virulence factor that converts glutamine into glutamate and ammonia,and converts glutathione into glutamate and cysteinylglycine.H.pylori GGT causes glutamine and glutathione consumption in the host cells,ammonia production and reactive oxygen species generation.These products induce cell-cycle arrest,apoptosis,and necrosis in gastric epithelial cells.H.pylori GGT may also inhibit apoptosis and induce gastric epithelial cell proliferation through the induction of cyclooxygenase-2,epidermal growth factor-related peptides,inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-8.H.pylori GGT induces immune tolerance through the inhibition of T cell-mediated immunity and dendritic cell differentiation.The effect of GGT on H.pylori colonization and gastric persistence are also discussed.

Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase to Platelet Ratio Predicts Liver Injury in Hepatitis B e Antigen-negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Normal Alanine Aminotransferase

Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a serious health problem worldwide.Evaluating liver injury in patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB)with detectable HBV DNA and normal alanine aminotransferase(ALT)is crucial to guide their clinical management.We aimed to investigate the stages of liver inflammation and fibrosis as well as the predictive accuracy of gamma-glutamyl transpepti-dase-to-platelet ratio(GPR)in these patients.Methods:A total of 184 treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative CHB pa-tients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT were enrolled.The Scheuer scoring system was used to classify liver inflammation and fibrosis.Results:The distribution of patients with different liver inflammation grades were as follows:G0,0(0%);G1,97(52.7%);G2,68(37.0%);G3,12(6.5%);and G4,7(3.8%).The distribution of patients with different liver fibrosis stages were as follows:S0,22(12.0%);S1,72(39.1%);S2,42(22.8%);S3,19(10.3%);and S4,29(15.8%).The areas under the re-ceiver operating characteristic(AUROC)curves of GPR in predicting significant inflammation,severe inflammation,and advanced inflammation were 0.723,0.895,and 0.952,respectively.The accuracy of GPR was significantly superior to that of ALT in predicting liver inflammation.The AUROCs of GPR in predicting significant fibrosis,severe fibrosis,and cirrhosis were 0.691,0.780,and 0.803,respectively.The predictive accuracy of GPR was significantly higher than that of aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis index based on four factors(FIB-4)in identifying advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis,and it was superior to FIB-4 but comparable to APRI in identifying significant fibrosis.Conclusions:Nearly half of the HBeAg-negative CHB patients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT levels had significant liver inflammation or fibrosis.GPR can serve as an accurate predictor of liver inflammation and fibrosis in these patients.

The clinical implication of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in COVID-19

Background and aim:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a life-threatening disease that predomi-nantly causes respiratory failure.The impact of COVID-19 on other organs remains elusive.Herein,we aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on the hepatobiliary system.Methods:In the current study,we obtained the clinical records and laboratory results from 66 laboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19 at the Wuhan Tongji Hospital between 10 February 2020 and 28 February 2020.The detailed clinical features and laboratory findings were collected for analysis.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2).Results:In this cohort,30(51.7%)patients had abnormal liver function on admission,which was asso-ciated with disease severity and enriched in the male and diabetic patients.The elevated levels of direct bilirubin(P¼0.029)and GGT(P¼0.004)were common in patients with severe pneumonia when compared with those with mild pneumonia.In addition,elevated levels of GGT(P¼0.003)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(P¼0.007)were positively associated with longer hospital stay.The expression of ACE2 was closely associated with GGT in various human tissues because they shared the common transcriptional regulator hepatic nuclear factor-1 b(HNF1B).Conclusions:Increased GGT levels were common in severe cases and elevated GGT levels were positively associated with prolonged hospital stay and disease severity.Due to the consistent expression with ACE2,GGT is a potent biomarker indicating the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 overexpression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells improves brain pathology,cognition,and behavior in APP/PS1 mice

In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease,as well as the underlying mechanism.We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease(Aβ_(1-42)-treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells),as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model.Additionally,injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits.Interestingly,increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-βin the brains of APP/PS1 mice.This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression ofβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B.Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis,and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.

Helicobacter pylori γ-glutamyl transpeptidase:A formidable virulence factor

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)produce an enzyme known asγ-glutamyl transpeptidase(HpGGT)that is highly conserved and common to all strains.HpGGT has been gaining increasing attention as an important virulence factor of the bacterium,having been demonstrated to be an important colonization factor in several animal models and has also recently been strongly associated with the development of peptic ulcer disease.From the results of various independent researcher groups,it is clear that HpGGT acts through several pathways to damage gastric epithelial cells including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest,production of reactive oxygen species leading to DNA damage,promotion of inflammation by increasing cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-8 expression,and upregulation of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor resulting in cell survival and proliferation.In addition,the potential role of HpGGT in promoting gastric carcinogenesis will also be discussed in this review.Apart from affecting the gastric epithelium,HpGGT also has immunomodulatory actions on host immune cells where it displays an antiproliferative effect on T cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and also works with other H.pylori virulence factors to skew dendritic cells towards a tolerogenic phenotype,possibly contributing to the persistence of the pathogen in the gastric mucosa.

Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Abilities of Antioxidative and y-glutamyl Transpeptidase Activities in Liver and Intestine of Piglets Fed Diets Containing Raw Soybean

Eighteen male piglets weaned at 28 days age were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (1% glutamate. 1% and 2% glutamine supplementation). The basal diet contained 5% raw soybean. The diets were calculated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. The level of plasma glutahione(GSH) increased markedly in piglets fed glutamine, and the response was related to dose. In treatments I and I , the levels of plasma GSH were significantly higher than that in the control at the 35 days age (P<0.05). The level of plasma GSH in treatment I was significantly higher than that in the control at 42 days age (P<0. 05). At 49 days age, there was no significantly difference of the level of GSH in plasma, liver, spleen, intestine and mes-enteric lymph node. The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and spleen was higher than that of the control, however, the difference wasn't significant. Dietary glutamine supplementation decreased γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GT) activities in liver. The activities of γ-GT of liver protein in treatmentⅡ were significantly lower than that in the control (P<0.05). The activities ofγ-GT of duodenum in treatments I and Ⅱwere also significantly lower than that in the control (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences of the activities of γ-GT in jejunum and ileum. The results showed that dietary glutamine supplementation increased the level of plasma GSH, and decreased γ-GT activities.

Inhibition of Carcinogen Induced Activity of γ-glutamyl Transpeptidase by CertainDietary Constituents in Mouse Skin

Cancer chemoprevention, a desirable and important facet of biomedical research, provides a practical approach to identify potentially useful inhibitors of cancer development, and offers an opporiunity to study the mechanism of carcinogenesis. During the recent Past a number of compounds have been tested for their anticarcinogenic potential specially constituents of our diet. The enzyme γglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) which catalyses the transfer of glutamyl groups of peptides to other peptides and amino acid and has been proposed as a marker of cell proliferation and neoplasia. It also serves as a tool to evaluate the carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic potential of environmental toxicants. In the present investigations, CGT activity induced by careinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydmiarbons, viz. 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) and benzo(a) pyrene (BaP) was significantly inhibited by diallylsulfide (DAS) and indole-3-carbnol (I3C) in mouse skin. DAS and 13C are constituents of garlic and cruciferous vegetables respectively. A significant iIthibition in GGT levels was also observed in a strong mitogen (12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate) induced activity in mouse skin by pretreatment with DAS/13C. Therefore these dietary constituents seem to be strong modifiers of chemically induced carcinogenesis

Prognostic role of plasma levels ofγ-glutamyl transpeptidase in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

Objective Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)have become the mainstay of treatment for chemotherapy-refractory gastric cancer,characterized by high levels of programmed cell death ligand-1(PDL-1)expression.However,the routine clinical implementation of PDL-1 testing is currently limited by the lack of robust detection methods.In this regard,the role of plasmaγ-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT),an N-terminal nucleophilic hydrolase,as an independent predictor of the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy remains unknown.In this study,we aimed to assessed the prognostic role of changes in plasma GGT levels(6 weeks vs.baseline)in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 57 patients with gastric cancer treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies(camrelizumab,sintilimab,nivolumab,tislelizumab,and toripalimab)at the Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China,from July 2018 to February 2021.Results We found that after 6 weeks of treatment,there were significant differences between responders and non-responders with respect to plasma GGT levels(P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the continuous value of the 6-week difference in GGT levels(OR=1.437,95%CI=1.116-1.849,P=0.005)and 6-week difference in GGT≥0 or<0(OR=53.675,95%CI=6.379-451.669,P<0.001)were independent predictors of disease control.Survival analysis indicated that a reduction in plasma GGT6 levels during treatment was significantly associated with a favorable progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(P<0.001).Consistently,univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that a reduction in plasma GGT6 levels during treatment was an independent predictor of PFS(HR=1.033,95%CI=1.013-1.053,P=0.001).Conclusion Alterations in plasma GGT levels during treatment can be used as a predictor of disease progression and survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer undergoing treatment with anti-PD-1 antibodies.

羊种布鲁氏菌Tat系统底物蛋白ErfK的抗原性和免疫原性研究

为分析羊种布鲁氏菌双精氨酸转运系统(twin-arginine translocation system,Tat system)毒力相关底物蛋白L,D-转肽酶ErfK诱导宿主产生的免疫应答情况,首先对布鲁氏菌M28毒株ErfK基因序列(WP_002963714.1)进行生物信息学分析,参考序列设计引物,构建表达载体pET-30a(+)-ErfK,经IPTG诱导表达、亲和层析和镍柱纯化获得目的蛋白;利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot对重组ErfK(rErfK)蛋白进行抗原性鉴定;将rErfK蛋白免疫小鼠,分别在免疫后15、30和45 d收集血清和脾脏,检测蛋白免疫后小鼠的细胞免疫应答和体液免疫应答情况。生物信息学预测结果显示,ErfK蛋白无跨膜结构,为亲水性蛋白,有多个T细胞和B细胞抗原表位;SDS-PAGE和Western blot均可获得25 kDa的蛋白条带,重组蛋白可与布鲁氏菌阳性血清发生反应,证明rErfK有良好的抗原性;小鼠免疫试验结果显示,rErfK组小鼠脾脏CD8^(+)T细胞含量相比PBS组显著上升(P<0.05),且脾脏Th1型细胞因子IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ和Th2型细胞因子IL-4转录水平均显著上升(P<0.05),此外,rErfK免疫也能极显著诱导小鼠血清中总IgG和特异性IgG的产生(P<0.01)。上述结果表明,经大肠杆菌表达的布鲁氏菌rErfK蛋白可诱导小鼠产生良好的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。本研究为基于ErfK蛋白的布鲁氏菌病诊断试剂和亚单位疫苗研发提供了参考依据。

γ-谷氨酰转肽酶的催化特性及其在食品领域应用研究进展

γ-谷氨酰转肽酶广泛存在于生物体中,可以专一性催化γ-谷氨酰基的转移反应,参与生物体内谷胱甘肽代谢和γ-谷氨酰基循环等生理过程。随着食品酶学、合成生物学技术的发展,γ-谷氨酰转肽酶在生物催化领域的应用也日渐受到重视。基于其水解和转肽催化活性,γ-谷氨酰转肽酶可被应用于茶氨酸等多种γ-谷氨酰化合物的生物催化合成。利用酶工程手段进一步优化γ-谷氨酰转肽酶的催化特性,提高目标产物产率,使得γ-谷氨酰转肽酶在食品功能因子的绿色生物制造领域具有较好的应用前景。文章综述了γ-谷氨酰转肽酶的分子结构、催化机制及其在食品工业中的应用现状,并重点关注γ-谷氨酰转肽酶的分子改造及其在催化合成L-茶氨酸领域的应用,以期为γ-谷氨酰转肽酶在食品领域的研究及应用提供参考。

酒精使用障碍严重程度的影响因素及风险预测模型构建

背景酒精使用障碍(AUD)是常见的慢性复发性精神疾病,对于重度AUD,需早期快速识别并及时妥善处理,以避免不可逆的伤害发生。目前,对AUD严重程度的评估主要基于临床医师对患者的精神检查,关于AUD严重程度影响因素及预测模型的研究有限。目的分析AUD患者疾病严重程度的影响因素,构建风险预测模型,为评估AUD患者的疾病严重程度提供参考。方法回顾性选取2017年1月1日—2022年12月31日南宁市第五人民医院收治的、符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第5版)》(DSM-5)AUD诊断标准的1358例首次住院患者为研究对象,收集其基本资料,根据疾病严重程度分为轻中度组(n=330)和重度组(n=1028)。按7∶3将患者分为训练集和测试集,在训练集样本中构建Logistic回归模型,在测试集样本中采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析该模型对AUD严重程度的预测价值。结果与轻中度组相比,重度组居住地在城市(χ^(2)=7.804)、农民(χ^(2)=17.991)、饮酒频率高于1~2次/天(χ^(2)=35.267)的比例更高,初次饮酒年龄更大(t=-3.858),合并躯体疾病数量更多(Z=-22.782),γ-谷氨酰胺转移酶(χ^(2)=259.940)和总胆红素异常(χ^(2)=148.552)的比例更高(P均<0.01)。在训练集中进行的Logistic分析结果表明,农民(OR=2.024,95%CI:1.352~3.029)、初次饮酒年龄较大(OR=1.075,95%CI:1.025~1.129)、用餐时间外也饮酒(OR=3.988,95%CI:2.408~6.606)、总胆红素水平异常(OR=1.034,95%CI:1.000~1.069)、合并更多的躯体疾病(OR=4.386,95%CI:2.636~7.298)是AUD更严重的危险因素。该模型在测试集中的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.906。结论在精神专科医院中,农民、初次饮酒年龄较大、用餐时间外也饮酒、总胆红素水平异常、合并更多的躯体疾病可能是重度AUD的危险因素。

总胆汁酸与谷氨酰转肽酶对新生儿高胆红素血症发病的影响及交互作用分析

目的研究总胆汁酸与谷氨酰转肽酶的交互作用对新生儿高胆红素血症发病的影响。方法采用回顾性队列研究的方法选择2020年3月至2022年11月于淮南市第一人民医院分娩的267例新生儿为研究对象,根据新生儿是否存有高胆红素血症分为正常组(209例)与高胆红素血症组(58例)。比较两组新生儿一般资料,采用Logistic回归分析影响新生儿高胆红素血症发病的因素,以及总胆汁酸与谷氨酰转肽酶对新生儿高胆红素血症的交互作用。结果高胆红素血症组新生儿感染、胎儿窘迫比例较高,谷草转氨酶、C反应蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、总胆汁酸、谷氨酰转肽酶水平较高,直接胆红素水平较低,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)/t值介于5.904~120.928之间,P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示高水平碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶、C反应蛋白、总胆汁酸与谷氨酰转肽酶,低水平直接胆红素,以及新生儿感染、胎儿窘迫均为影响新生儿高胆红素血症发病的危险因素(OR值介于1.364~1.964之间,P<0.05);高总胆汁酸、高谷氨酰转肽酶既具有一定的相加交互作用,又具有相乘交互作用。结论总胆汁酸、谷氨酰转肽酶对新生儿高胆红素血症的影响具有正相加交互作用,临床应及时监测总胆汁酸、谷氨酰转肽酶相关生理水平,保障新生儿健康。

扶正固本汤对胆总管结石术后患者胆汁生化指标及肝功能的影响

目的:观察扶正固本汤对胆总管结石术后患者肝功能及胆汁生化指标的影响。方法:选取2019年9月至2023年9月行胆总管探查取石术的患者134例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各67例。对照组术后给予常规治疗,观察组则给予扶正固本汤治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、不良反应发生率及治疗前后中医证候积分、肝功能指标[谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartateaminotransferase,AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)]、胆汁生化指标[总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、总胆汁酸(total bile acid,TBA)]。结果:两组患者发热、腹痛、黄疸等中医证候积分低于本组治疗前,且治疗后观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后AST、ALT以及γ-GT低于本组治疗前,且治疗后观察组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后TBA高于本组治疗前,TBIL低于本组治疗前,且治疗后组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:扶正固本汤运用于胆总管结石手术后,能明显提高临床疗效,改善患者肝功能及胆汁生化指标,降低不良反应。

Association of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase with treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis B patients

AIM:To investigate the association of serum gammaglutamyl transferase(GGT) levels with chronic hepatitis B infection and hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag) seroconversion.METHODS:A retrospective study was performed on clinical data collected from patients who had been positive for hepatitis B surface antigen for > 6 mo and who were antiviral-treatment na?ve(n = 215) attending the Hepatitis Clinic at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between August 2010 and December 2013. Healthy individuals without liver disease(n = 83) were included as controls. Patients were categorized into four groups based on disease status as recommended by the European Association for the Study of the Liver:immune tolerance(IT; n = 47),HBe Ag-positive hepatitis(EPH; n = 93),HBe Ag-negative hepatitis(ENH;n = 20),and inactive carrier(IC; n = 55). Prediction of complete response(CR) based on serum GGT was also examined in EPH patients(n = 33) treated for 48 wk with nucleos(t)ide analogue(NA) therapy,including lamivudine plus adefovir combination therapy(n = 20) or entecavir monotherapy(n = 13). CR was defined as a serum hepatitis B virus DNA level < 500 copies/m L and HBe Ag seroconversion by 48 wk of treatment. RESULTS:Serum GGT levels were significantly increased in EPH and ENH patients relative to the IT,IC,and healthy control groups(P < 0.01 for all). However,no significant difference in serum GGT levels was found between the EPH and ENH groups. Baseline serum GGT levels were significantly higher in patients who achieved CR(7/33; 21.2%) compared to patients in the non-CR group(26/33; 78.8%; P = 0.011). In addition,the decline in serum GGT was greater in CR patients compared to non-CR patients after 24 wk and 48 wk of treatment(P = 0.012 and P = 0.008,respectively). The receiver operating characteristic curve yielded a sensitivity of 85.71% and a specificity of 61.54% at a threshold value of 0.89 times the upper limit of normal for baseline serum GGT in the prediction of CR following NA therapy. CONCLUSION:Serum GGT is significantly elevated in EPH and ENH patients and is a potential biomarker for the prediction of HBe Ag seroconversion following NA therapy.

Serum Gamma-glutamyl Transferase Levels Predict Functional Outcomes after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective We aim to explore the potential association between serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels and functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a Chinese population. Methods A total of 386 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients were included in the study from September 2007 to February 2015. Baseline serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels and 6-month follow-up functional outcomes were determined. A poor outcome was defined as a modified ranking scale score of ≥ 3. The multivariable logistic model was used to analyze the relationship between serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and clinical outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results The adjusted poor outcome rates of patients with gamma-glutamyl transferase levels of 〈 30 U/L, 30-50 U/L and ≥ 50 U/L were 16.7%, 19.6%, and 34.4%, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. The age-sex and multivariable adjusted odds ratios （95% confidence intervals） of poor prognosis comparing the top group （≥ 50 U/L） with the lowest group （〈 30 U/L） were 5.76 （2.74-12.13）, 6.64 （2.05-21.52）, and 6.36 （1.92-21.02）. A significant linear trend existed between gamma-glutamyl transferase level and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage prognosis. This association was also observed among nondrinkers. Conclusion Patients with higher gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were more likely to have a poor prognosis. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase can be considered to be an independent predictor of functional outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Genetic Mutation of Vitamin K-dependent Gamma-glutamyl Carboxylase Domain in Patients with Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

To investigate the exon mutation of vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase （GGCX or VKDC） in patients with calcium oxalate urolithasis, renal cortex and peripheral blood samples were obtained from severe hydronephrosis patients （with or without calculi）, and renal tumor patients undergoing nephrectomy. GGCX mutations in all 15 exons were examined in 44 patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis （COU） by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and denatured high pressure liquid chromatography （DHPLC）, and confirmed by sequencing. Mutation was not found in all COU samples compared to the controls. These data demonstrated that functional GGCX mutations in all 15 exons do not occur in most COU patients. It was suggested that there may be no significant association between the low activity and mutation of GGCX in COU.

The Micro-determination of Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase

The method of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase colorimeter assay was modified by changing the wave length from 420 nm to 400 nm, the incubated temperature from 37℃ to 50℃, the sample amount from 30 μl to 6μl. The modified method was proved to be more sensitive, with CV of intra-group being 2. 06% and accuracy 97. 4%. The method is suitable for clinical application with small-amount blood samples collected frorri earlobe or finger tip.

Effect of <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i>SBC8803 on Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase in Japanese Habitual Drinkers: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in Japanese habitual drinkers was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 to alleviate adverse effect of alcohol. Subjects who drank habitually and had moderately higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (50 - 100 IU/L) were enrolled. The levels of transaminases in these subjects were almost within normal levels (aspartate transaminase (AST) <30 IU/L and alanine transaminase (ALT) <40 IU/L). Either the capsules containing placebo (n = 23) or 130 mg (4.0 × 1010 colony-forming units) of live L. brevis SBC8803 (n = 22) per day were administered for the continuous eight weeks (56 days). During the period, the subjects both in test group and placebo groups have kept each drinking behavior as usual. Regarding lipid metabolism, triacylglycerol (TG) levels in the male test group significantly decreased at week 4 as compared with week 0. Biomarkers of hepatocytes-damage;AST and ALT levels showed no significant differences between the pla- cebo and test groups at both weeks 4 and 8. Oxidative stress marker;GGT at weeks 4 was significantly lower in the test group than that in the placebo group (p = 0.017), but not at weeks 8. However, taking a reduced rate of GGT at weeks 8 comparing with that at week 0, that in the test group showed larger value comparing with that in the placebo group. These data about TG and GGT suggest that, although efficacy of L. brevis SBC8803 is limited in this study, intake of the probiotic may alleviate alcoholic influence in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.

PT和γ-GT/Alb比值对慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化分期的预测价值

目的:评估凝血酶原时间(PT)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/白蛋白(γ-GT/Alb)比值对慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者肝纤维化分期的预测价值,并与经典无创模型天冬氨酸氨基转移酶/血小板比值指数(APRI)评分、4因子模型(FIB-4)进行对比。方法:收集2020年4月至2021年5月北京中医药大学东方医院收治的108例CHB肝纤维化患者病例资料作回顾性分析,根据肝活检病理结果将患者分为无或轻度肝纤维化组(S0~S1期,68例)、显著肝纤维化组(≥S2期,40例)。收集患者的血清学指标、APRI、FIB-4等数据,运用单因素分析、多因素logitstic回归分析筛选出独立预测指标并建立综合预测模型,同时采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价综合模型的预测准确性。结果:单因素分析结果显示,两组患者在γ-GT、Alb、γ-GT/Alb、PT、LN、PLT方面比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);多因素logitstic回归分析结果显示,PT和γ-GT/Alb是显著肝纤维化的独立预测指标(P<0.05)。依据logistic回归分析结果建立综合预测模型[logit(P)=-4.926+0.048×γ-GT/Alb+0.147×PT],其ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.839,截断值为0.469时,敏感度为78.04%,特异度为97.09%。预测肝纤维化的准确性明显优于APRI及FIB-4,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PT和γ-GT/Alb的综合预测模型对预测CHB导致的显著肝纤维化(≥S2)具有优势,其预测准确性均高于APRI、FIB-4两项指标。