AIM: To evaluate the effects of etanercept on the expression of Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and caspase-8 in the early stage of the apoptotic pathway in diabetic rats, and to explore the therapeutic effec...AIM: To evaluate the effects of etanercept on the expression of Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and caspase-8 in the early stage of the apoptotic pathway in diabetic rats, and to explore the therapeutic effect of etanercept on diabetic retinopathy.METHODS: A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups with 20 rats each, including control group, and diabetic groups with or without treatment. Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were established for diabetic groups. Blood glucose and body weight were measured weekly. All the rats were sacrificed at the 12 wk after treatment. The expressions of Fas, TNF-α and caspase-8 in rat retina were quantitatively detected by PCR and Western blot. The leakage of Evan blue was adopted to measure the retinal vascular leakage quantitatively, and to compare it among different groups. TUNEL method was used to compare the amount of apoptotic bodies quantitatively in rat retina ganglion cells under electron microscope.RESULTS: The expressions of Fas, TNF-α and caspase-8 in each group were compared via PCR and Western blot, in which the diabetic group with treatment was lower than those without treatment(P<0.01), but all the diabetic groups were higher than the control group(P<0.01). Evans blue leakage in the diabetic treatment group was lower than those without treatment(P<0.01), but those in the control group was the lowest compared with the other two groups(P<0.01). TUNEL method showed that the apoptoticbodies of retina in the diabetic treatment group was lower than those without treatment(P<0.01), while those in the control group was the lowest compared with the other two groups(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Etanercept can effectively reduce the expression of Fas, TNF-α and caspase-8, as well as the retinal leakage and retinal cell apoptosis in diabetic rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Retinal microglia has been shown to reactivate in a murine model of pigmentary glaucoma. However, the relationship between microglial activation and intraocular pressure （lOP） elevation and retinal gang...BACKGROUND： Retinal microglia has been shown to reactivate in a murine model of pigmentary glaucoma. However, the relationship between microglial activation and intraocular pressure （lOP） elevation and retinal ganglion cell （RGC） death is still unclear. OBJECTIVE： To verify that microglial activation and tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） expression is involved in RGC death with elevated lOP and prolonged time of glaucomatous optic nerve lesion in a DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Eye Center, China between December 2006 and May 2008.MATEFIiALS： DBA/2J mice and C57BL/6J mice （Jackson Laboratory, USA）, rat anti-mouse CD11 b monoclonal antibody （Serotec, UK）, and goat anti-TNF-α polyclonal antibody （Sigma, USA） were used in this study.METHODS： A total of 100 female, DBA/2J mice at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14 months of age （20 mice per age group） were used for the glaucoma model, and 18 C57BL/6J mice at 3, 9, 14 months of age （6 mice per age group） were used as normal controls. The anterior segment of the eye was observed using a slit-lamp biomicroscope, lOP was measured using a microneedle system. Morphology and number of retinal microglia were observed using immunohistochemistry. RGCs were quantified using Nissl staining. Co-localization of TNF-α and microglia was observed using double-labeling immunofluorescence. Excavation of the optic nerve head was observed utilizing hematoxylin-eosin staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The following parameters were measured： lOP levels, numbers of RGCs and activated microglia, and TNF-α expression. RESULTS： In 6-month-old DBA/2J mice, dispersed pigment was observed, and some mice developed increased IOP. At 9 months of age, lOP levels reached a peak. In 3-month-old DBA/2J mice, microglia were activated. In 6-month-old DBA/2J mice, the number of activated microglia was significantly increased and migrated to the outer retinal layer. In 9-month-old mice, TNF-a expression was co-localized with microglia. Significant RGC loss occurred in mice aged 9 to 14 months, with the presence of optic nerve fiber loss and optical nerve head excavation, lOP returned to normal levels at 12 months of age, but microglia remained activated, which was consistent with RGC loss. CONCLUSION： Retinal microglial activation was partially attributed to increased lOP. Activated microglia might be mainly responsible for RGC loss. TNF-α expression was evident in the inner retinal layer. However, the relationship between TNF-α and RGC loss remains poorly understood.展开更多
Gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor predominantly arising in the second part of the duodenum with rare local recurrence or metastasis to regional lymph nodes.A 92-year-old female presented with o...Gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor predominantly arising in the second part of the duodenum with rare local recurrence or metastasis to regional lymph nodes.A 92-year-old female presented with obstructive jaundice.On exam she had pale conjunctiva and icteric sclera.Abdominal examination revealed tenderness in the upper abdomen.Laboratory data was consistent with obstructive jaundice.Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a dilated gall bladder and a common bile duct(CBD)with no evidence of liver lesions or pancreatic head mass.Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a 1 cm isoechoic submucosal nodule at the periampullary area,dilated CBD(9 mm),a prominent pancreatic duct(4.1 mm)and a hydropic gall bladder with no stones.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography was performed to relieve obstruction and showed a 1 cm periampullary mass which underwent an en-bloc snare resection.Histopathology analyses with immunohistochemical stains were positive for cytokeratin,synaptophysin,S-100 protein,neuron specific enolase and negative for actin and desmin consistent with periampullary gangliocytic paraganglioma.Periampullary gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare benign tumor of the small bowel.Common presentation includes abdominal pain and obstructive jaundice which should be included in differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.Endoscopic resection is a curative therapy in the absence of local invasion or distant metastasis.展开更多
目的分析手足腱鞘囊肿MRI特征表现及与手足局限性腱鞘巨细胞瘤(localized giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, L-GCTTS)、滑膜血管瘤MRI鉴别要点,提高手足腱鞘囊肿的诊断、鉴别水平。方法连续搜集本院2013年1月～2017年3月经病理...目的分析手足腱鞘囊肿MRI特征表现及与手足局限性腱鞘巨细胞瘤(localized giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, L-GCTTS)、滑膜血管瘤MRI鉴别要点,提高手足腱鞘囊肿的诊断、鉴别水平。方法连续搜集本院2013年1月～2017年3月经病理证实的手足腱鞘囊肿18例、L-GCTTS 6例、滑膜血管瘤5例的MRI资料,分析病变特点、MRI特征,比较其差异。结果三种病变的T_1WI、T_2WI、分隔、尾征、包膜有统计学差异(P<0.05),强化程度、强化方式等无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。结论手足腱鞘囊肿MRI具有一些特征表现,能较好的与L-GCTTS和滑膜血管瘤相鉴别。展开更多
Patients commonly present to their general practitioner with swellings of the hand. These include a variety of diagnoses with certain lesions (for example, ganglion) being more common than others. Some may even be fam...Patients commonly present to their general practitioner with swellings of the hand. These include a variety of diagnoses with certain lesions (for example, ganglion) being more common than others. Some may even be familiar as they are often site-specific. This article aims to provide general practitioners with clear and concise information regarding swellings to be ruled out before suspecting giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. Swellings of the hand are commonly encountered in a general practice with different diagnosis. They may arise from any tissue in the hand including skin, subcutaneous fat, muscle, nerves, vessels, tendon, bone and cartilage. Fortunately, most are benign, asymptomatic and may not require surgical intervention. Ganglions, epidermoid inclusion cysts, giant cell tumours of the tendon sheath, and swellings associated with arthropathy comprise the majority of lesion. This study includes 16 cases which are presented with similar history and presentation of finger swellings as that of giant cell tumor tendon sheath but the final diagnosis has varied.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81270999)the Key Project of Miaopu of Fujian Medical University(No.2015MP004)the Qihang Funds of Fujian Medical University(No.2018QH1063)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of etanercept on the expression of Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and caspase-8 in the early stage of the apoptotic pathway in diabetic rats, and to explore the therapeutic effect of etanercept on diabetic retinopathy.METHODS: A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups with 20 rats each, including control group, and diabetic groups with or without treatment. Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were established for diabetic groups. Blood glucose and body weight were measured weekly. All the rats were sacrificed at the 12 wk after treatment. The expressions of Fas, TNF-α and caspase-8 in rat retina were quantitatively detected by PCR and Western blot. The leakage of Evan blue was adopted to measure the retinal vascular leakage quantitatively, and to compare it among different groups. TUNEL method was used to compare the amount of apoptotic bodies quantitatively in rat retina ganglion cells under electron microscope.RESULTS: The expressions of Fas, TNF-α and caspase-8 in each group were compared via PCR and Western blot, in which the diabetic group with treatment was lower than those without treatment(P<0.01), but all the diabetic groups were higher than the control group(P<0.01). Evans blue leakage in the diabetic treatment group was lower than those without treatment(P<0.01), but those in the control group was the lowest compared with the other two groups(P<0.01). TUNEL method showed that the apoptoticbodies of retina in the diabetic treatment group was lower than those without treatment(P<0.01), while those in the control group was the lowest compared with the other two groups(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Etanercept can effectively reduce the expression of Fas, TNF-α and caspase-8, as well as the retinal leakage and retinal cell apoptosis in diabetic rats.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30571986the Research Fund from Peking University Third Hospital
文摘BACKGROUND： Retinal microglia has been shown to reactivate in a murine model of pigmentary glaucoma. However, the relationship between microglial activation and intraocular pressure （lOP） elevation and retinal ganglion cell （RGC） death is still unclear. OBJECTIVE： To verify that microglial activation and tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） expression is involved in RGC death with elevated lOP and prolonged time of glaucomatous optic nerve lesion in a DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Eye Center, China between December 2006 and May 2008.MATEFIiALS： DBA/2J mice and C57BL/6J mice （Jackson Laboratory, USA）, rat anti-mouse CD11 b monoclonal antibody （Serotec, UK）, and goat anti-TNF-α polyclonal antibody （Sigma, USA） were used in this study.METHODS： A total of 100 female, DBA/2J mice at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14 months of age （20 mice per age group） were used for the glaucoma model, and 18 C57BL/6J mice at 3, 9, 14 months of age （6 mice per age group） were used as normal controls. The anterior segment of the eye was observed using a slit-lamp biomicroscope, lOP was measured using a microneedle system. Morphology and number of retinal microglia were observed using immunohistochemistry. RGCs were quantified using Nissl staining. Co-localization of TNF-α and microglia was observed using double-labeling immunofluorescence. Excavation of the optic nerve head was observed utilizing hematoxylin-eosin staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The following parameters were measured： lOP levels, numbers of RGCs and activated microglia, and TNF-α expression. RESULTS： In 6-month-old DBA/2J mice, dispersed pigment was observed, and some mice developed increased IOP. At 9 months of age, lOP levels reached a peak. In 3-month-old DBA/2J mice, microglia were activated. In 6-month-old DBA/2J mice, the number of activated microglia was significantly increased and migrated to the outer retinal layer. In 9-month-old mice, TNF-a expression was co-localized with microglia. Significant RGC loss occurred in mice aged 9 to 14 months, with the presence of optic nerve fiber loss and optical nerve head excavation, lOP returned to normal levels at 12 months of age, but microglia remained activated, which was consistent with RGC loss. CONCLUSION： Retinal microglial activation was partially attributed to increased lOP. Activated microglia might be mainly responsible for RGC loss. TNF-α expression was evident in the inner retinal layer. However, the relationship between TNF-α and RGC loss remains poorly understood.
文摘Gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor predominantly arising in the second part of the duodenum with rare local recurrence or metastasis to regional lymph nodes.A 92-year-old female presented with obstructive jaundice.On exam she had pale conjunctiva and icteric sclera.Abdominal examination revealed tenderness in the upper abdomen.Laboratory data was consistent with obstructive jaundice.Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a dilated gall bladder and a common bile duct(CBD)with no evidence of liver lesions or pancreatic head mass.Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a 1 cm isoechoic submucosal nodule at the periampullary area,dilated CBD(9 mm),a prominent pancreatic duct(4.1 mm)and a hydropic gall bladder with no stones.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography was performed to relieve obstruction and showed a 1 cm periampullary mass which underwent an en-bloc snare resection.Histopathology analyses with immunohistochemical stains were positive for cytokeratin,synaptophysin,S-100 protein,neuron specific enolase and negative for actin and desmin consistent with periampullary gangliocytic paraganglioma.Periampullary gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare benign tumor of the small bowel.Common presentation includes abdominal pain and obstructive jaundice which should be included in differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.Endoscopic resection is a curative therapy in the absence of local invasion or distant metastasis.
文摘目的分析手足腱鞘囊肿MRI特征表现及与手足局限性腱鞘巨细胞瘤(localized giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, L-GCTTS)、滑膜血管瘤MRI鉴别要点,提高手足腱鞘囊肿的诊断、鉴别水平。方法连续搜集本院2013年1月～2017年3月经病理证实的手足腱鞘囊肿18例、L-GCTTS 6例、滑膜血管瘤5例的MRI资料,分析病变特点、MRI特征,比较其差异。结果三种病变的T_1WI、T_2WI、分隔、尾征、包膜有统计学差异(P<0.05),强化程度、强化方式等无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。结论手足腱鞘囊肿MRI具有一些特征表现,能较好的与L-GCTTS和滑膜血管瘤相鉴别。
文摘Patients commonly present to their general practitioner with swellings of the hand. These include a variety of diagnoses with certain lesions (for example, ganglion) being more common than others. Some may even be familiar as they are often site-specific. This article aims to provide general practitioners with clear and concise information regarding swellings to be ruled out before suspecting giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. Swellings of the hand are commonly encountered in a general practice with different diagnosis. They may arise from any tissue in the hand including skin, subcutaneous fat, muscle, nerves, vessels, tendon, bone and cartilage. Fortunately, most are benign, asymptomatic and may not require surgical intervention. Ganglions, epidermoid inclusion cysts, giant cell tumours of the tendon sheath, and swellings associated with arthropathy comprise the majority of lesion. This study includes 16 cases which are presented with similar history and presentation of finger swellings as that of giant cell tumor tendon sheath but the final diagnosis has varied.
