Progress of Geological Survey Using Airborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data in the Gansu and Qinghai Regions

Hyperspectral remote sensing is now a frontier of the remote sensing technology. Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data have hundreds of narrow bands to obtain complete and continuous ground-object spectra. Therefore, they can be effectively used to identify these grotmd objects which are difficult to discriminate by using wide-band data, and show much promise in geological survey. At the height of 1500 m, have 36 bands in visible to the CASI hyperspectral data near-infrared spectral range, with a spectral resolution of 19 nm and a space resolution of 0.9 m. The SASI data have 101 bands in the shortwave infrared spectral range, with a spectral resolution of 15 nm and a space resolution of 2.25 m. In 2010, China Geological Survey deployed an airborne CASI/SASI hyperspectral measurement project, and selected the Liuyuan and Fangshankou areas in the Beishan metallogenic belt of Gansu Province, and the Nachitai area of East Kunlun metallogenic belt in Qinghai Province to conduct geological survey. The work period of this project was three years.

RECENT TECTONIC DEFORMATION ANOMALY AND EARTHQUAKES IN GANSU-NINGXIA-QINGHAI AREA

By processing and analyzing geodetic data of vertical deformation, fault deformation and horizontal deformation by GPS in Gansu Ningxia Qinghai area and by comparing them with geological structures and many medium to strong earthquake activities in this area, some features of recent tectonic deformation anomaly and the development of medium to strong earthquakes are studied. The results show that: ①Near the main faults tectonic deformations are relatively large. The amount of vertical movement and the deformation status evolve with time. The horizontal movement and deformation show obvious compressional strike slip character. ②The dominant stress of tectonic deformation and seismic development in this area comes from the persistent northeastward compression of Qinghai Tibet block;The time spatial distribution evolution of tectonic deformation and seismic activities are closely related to dynamic evolution of block motion and regional tectonic stress field. ③The abnormal uplift and high gradient deformation belts and remarkable fault deformation anormaly on the borders of regional tectonic blocks are indicators of developing moderate to strong earthquakes but earthquakes may not necessarily take place in the position of maxium deformation, it usually occurred in the region where fault deformation anormaly shows “trend accumulation acceleration turn ” variation character or nearby. On the basis of above study, a preliminary prediction for strong earthquake risk in this area is given.

The impacts of climate change on the Neolithic cultures of Gansu-Qinghai region during the late Holocene Megathermal

The Holocene Megathermal is divided into early, middle and late periods, each having different impacts on the Neolithic cultures due to their different climate changing trends This study is based on a comparative analysis of the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qinghai Lake, the western edge of the Loess Plateau and Zoige and the spatial distribution of Neolithic sites of the Gansu-Qinghai region. Results show that the early and middle periods towards warm and humid promoted the development of Neolithic cultures with agriculture as the main sector in the Gansu-Qinghai region, furthermore a heyday of Yangshao Culture prosperity emerged. The Holocene entered the late period after the cold climate event at 5.9 ka BP in the Gansu-Qinghai region. Later the climate began to turn cold. However, at the 5.8-4.2 ka BP a relatively stable warm and humid climate created the conditions for the development of Majiayao Culture of the Neolithic Age in this region, thus the distribution of its cultural heritage sites expanded towards high altitudes and high latitudes. From 4.2 ka BP onwards, the climate became cold and dry, which had a significant influence on the Neolithic cultures of the Gansu-Qinghai region, leading to a dramatic change in the cultural characters and spatial distribution of Qijia Culture around 4.2 ka BP. After a nearly 300 years of cold and dry period, the unified Neolithic farming culture completely collapsed. Afterwards an industrial division of animal husbandry and farming and regional multiple cultures formed, and ultimately led to the end of primitive society and the starting of a civilized society.

Wet-dry changes in the borderland of Shaanxi,Gansu and Ningxia from 1208 to 1369 based on historical records

More than 240 items of historical records containing climatic information were retrieved from official historical books, local chronicles, annals and regional meteorological disaster yearbooks. By using moisture index and flood/drought （F/D） index obtained from the above information, the historical climate change, namely wet-dry conditions in borderland of Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region （BSGN, mainly included Ningxialu, Hezhoulu, Gongchanglu, Fengyuanlu and Yan＇anlu in the Yuan Dynasty） was studied. The results showed that the climate of the region was generally dry and the ratio between drought and flood disasters was 85/38 during the period of 1208-1369. According to the frequencies of drought-flood disasters, the whole period could be divided into three phases. （1） 1208-1240： drought dominated the phase with occasional flood disasters. （2） 1240-1320： long-time drought disasters and extreme drought events happened frequently. （3） 1320-1369： drought disasters were less severe when flood and drought disasters happened alternately. Besides, the reconstructed wet-dry change curve revealed obvious transition and periodicity in the MongoI-Yuan Period. The transitions occurred in 1230 and 1325. The wet-dry change revealed 10- and 23-year quasi-periods which were consistent with solar cycles, indicating that solar activity had affected the wet-dry conditions of the study region in the Mongol-Yuan Period. The reconstructed results were consistent with two other study results reconstructed from natural evidences, and were similar to another study results from historical documents. All the above results showed that the climate in BSGN was characterized by long-time dry condition with frequent severe drought disasters during 1258 to 1308. Thus, these aspects of climatic change, might have profound impacts on local vegetation and socio-economic system.

Response of vegetation restoration to climate change and human activities in Shaanxi-Gansu- Ningxia Region

The ＂Grain for Green Project＂ initiated by the governments since 1999 were the dominant contributors to the vegetation restoration in the agro-pastoral transitional zone of northern China. Climate change and human activities are responsible for the improvement and degradation to a certain degree. In order to monitor the vegetation variations and clarify the causes of rehabilitation in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region, this paper, based on the MODIS-NDVI and climate data during the period of 2000-2009, analyzes the main charac- teristics, spatial-temporal distribution and reasons of vegetation restoration, using methods of linear regression, the Hurst Exponent, standard deviation and other methods. Results are shown as follows. （1） From 2000 to 2009, the NDVI of the study area was improved progres- sively, with a linear tendency being 0.032/10a, faster than the growth of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program （0.007/10a） from 1982 to 2006. （2） The vegetation restoration is characterized by two fast-growing periods, with an ＂S-shaped＂ increasing curve. （3） The largest proportion of the contribution to vegetation restoration was observed in the slightly improved area, followed by the moderate and the significantly improved area; the degraded area is distributed sporadically over southern part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as well as eastern Dingbian of Shaanxi province, Huanxian and Zhengyuan of Gansu province. （4） Climate change and human activities are two driving forces in vegetation restoration; more- over anthropogenic factors such as ＂Grain for Green Project＂ were the main causes leading to an increasing trend of NDVI on local scale. However, its influencing mechanism remains to be further investigated. （5） The Hurst Exponent of NDVI time series shows that the vegetation restoration was sustainable. It is expected that improvement in vegetation cover will expand to the most parts of the region.

陕甘宁红色旅游流的网络结构特征研究

开展陕甘宁红色旅游流网络结构特征研究,可以指导目的地旅游网络结构优化,推动红色旅游高质量发展。运用地理信息技术系统(geographic information system,GIS)技术、社会网络分析等方法,对陕甘宁红色旅游流整体网络特征、网络节点特征进行系统研究。结果表明,陕甘宁红色旅游流网络结构松散,密度低,呈现典型的“核心-边缘”特征;红色旅游流网络凝聚特征显著,地域集中性强,跨区域合作有待强化;延安革命纪念馆等关键节点功能地位突出,网络极化效应显著;核心节点对周边节点存在“虹吸效应”。研究进一步从构建多极化红色旅游流网络体系、推动红色旅游与相关业态协调发展和创新融合等方面就推动陕甘宁红色旅游流网络优化提出了相关对策建议。

革命课程话语的诞生——论中国共产党在陕甘宁边区的课程改革

中国共产党领导的陕甘宁边区的课程改革,创造性地建构了承载着红色文化的革命课程话语,其形成经历了全民族抗战的国防课程、提高质量的正规化课程、联系实际的本土化课程、转向文化知识的新型正规化课程四个历史阶段。革命课程话语的知识谱系与内涵集中地反映在政治、国文、历史三科之中,表现出贯穿唯物主义精神,促进语言文字大众化,以人民为社会历史的创造者等价值取向。革命课程话语的文化实践与价值意蕴体现在充分发挥育人价值,发扬人的主体自觉性;推动民族解放与独立,形成民族认同;造就民族国家共同体,并提供强大的精神动力;承载红色文化,形成革命的优良传统,探索出了一条本土化的中国课程道路。

话语转变与政治动员——论陕甘宁文艺运动中的“下乡入伍”

“下乡入伍”是抗战时期的一项重要文化政策和实践。与重口号宣传而轻组织动员的国统区大后方相比,在中国共产党领导下的陕甘宁边区,“下乡入伍”作为延安知识分子了解、反映边区军民生活的重要途径,不仅得到了边区机关、学校及各类协会的高度重视和有效组织,成为陕甘宁文艺运动的一个部分;更因为延安文艺座谈会的召开划分为各具特征的前后两期,在起到知识分子话语转变作用的同时,也对边区军民民族、国家意识的培养及其对中国共产党意识形态、政策制度的接受认可方面,发挥出巨大的政治动员效应。

明代藏传佛教在甘青地区的传播与发展

甘青地区是我国藏传佛教流布的重要地区,明代是藏传佛教在这一地区传播与发展的关键时期。有明一代,由于统治者的大力扶持,加之具有深厚的信仰基础,藏传佛教成为这里占据主导性地位的意识形态。明王朝对这里采取“因其俗尚,用僧徒化导”的怀柔政策,只要该宗教领袖具有一定的实力,不论是属于藏传佛教哪一教派,都根据其信众多寡和实力大小授予相应的封号,以示优宠。同时,将在内地行之已久的僧司制度移植到了西北地区,使其成为管理该区域内部各种宗教事务的官方机构。明政府还在甘青地区敕建了瞿昙寺、大崇教寺、弘化寺等大批寺院,有力地推动了该地区藏传佛教寺院的兴建。藏传佛教格鲁派兴起以后,引起了明王朝的高度重视,其宗教领袖释迦也失被明政府封为“大慈法王”,格鲁派与明王朝的联系日渐密切。在明政府的支持与推动下,明代中后期在甘青地区形成了格鲁派传播与发展的高潮,大批寺院如雨后春笋般纷纷拔地而起,一些其他教派寺院也相继改宗格鲁派。

地理环境对藏传佛教在甘青地区传播与发展的影响

甘青地区是我国藏传佛教流布的重要地区,是藏传佛教发展史上具有特殊意义的一个区域。宗教产生与传播的前提是和其所处的自然环境协调、适应,藏传佛教的产生与发展离不开青藏高原特殊的地理环境。藏传佛教在甘青地区的传播与发展和此地区的自然地理环境、人文地理发展,以及甘青地区的地理区位都密切相关。青海和西藏山水相连,青海省以及甘肃部分地区与西藏自治区共同构成了“世界屋脊”青藏高原的主体。由于地理的、宗教的、军事的、政治的、民族的,以及文化、经济等多方面的原因,西藏与甘青地区在历史发展过程中的相互牵动与影响非常明显。甘青地区尤其青海和甘南地区成为藏传佛教的重要传播区域,而甘肃其他区域作为农牧交错的过渡地区,在吐蕃王朝势力强大时也几乎被其全部占领,也受到藏传佛教文化程度不一的影响。甘青地区是重要的多民族聚居区,也是控厄西北的核心地带,又是中原联结新疆、西藏等地的锁钥之地,甘青不稳则新疆、西藏必失。甘青地区这种不可替代的区位特征,对历代王朝在这里所推行的藏传佛教的政策具有深刻影响,继而对藏传佛教的传播和发展产生了重大影响。

20世纪40年代陕甘宁边区的食盐运输合作事业——以南区合作社运输队为个案

20世纪40年代,食盐的运输和外销是封锁环境下陕甘宁边区财政自给自足的依靠。为确保按期收到公盐,便利人民运输并提高边区运输力量,党和政府提倡广泛地“组织起来”,发展食盐运输合作事业。在党政的坚强领导下,南区合作社运输队历经三个主要的发展阶段,创造和积累了一套有效经验,带动边区盐运成功地突破个体运输局限,成为全边区食盐运输合作事业的模范。

抗战时期陕甘宁边区扫盲运动研究

抗战时期,党的中心任务是夺取抗战胜利,在特定的战争形势下,必须充分动员广大人民群众参与到抗战中,但是边区大量文盲的存在却阻碍了政策的推行。因此,开展扫盲教育便是对群众进行抗战动员与宣传的一项重要工作。在推行扫盲运动的过程中,边区政府因地制宜地开展了多种方式的群众教育活动,不仅使边区群众的文化水平明显提高,改变了落后的风俗习惯,而且也实现了动员群众参加抗战的需要。

百年中国法治历史中的陕西党史元素

中国特色社会主义法治模式,是百年来中国共产党领导法治的探索成果,是从革命时期局部执政到当代中国治国理政法治经验的总结。党领导法治的历史,特别是中共中央在延安的十三年,蕴含着丰富的陕西党史元素,不仅体现在局部执政的法治建设、依规治党的经验,还体现为陕西党史中的红色法制历程。总结和凝练党领导法治历史中的陕西元素,有助于理解当代中国的法治,拓展陕西党史的研究。

全面抗战时期陕甘宁边区乡村党员教育研究

全面抗战时期,陕甘宁边区持续开展党员教育,以提高农民党员的思想认识与政治水平,引导广大乡村党员干部坚定理想信念和政治方向,围绕党的政治路线和中心工作,坚持抗日民族统一战线,一切为战胜日本帝国主义而奋斗。在中共中央、西北局(边区党委、边区中央局)领导下,边区乡村党员教育以西北局高干会为界,分为前后两个阶段。前一阶段,乡村党员教育中的教条主义、主观主义比较严重,教学方式以照本宣科为主,教育形式主要是流动训练班,教材内容艰深、枯燥无味。后一阶段,结合全党整风,较好地纠正了党员教育中存在的偏差,面向乡村党员干部的扫盲教育与政治教育取得显著效果,基本实现了巩固和发展党员的目标。

陕甘宁革命遗址时空分布特征及保护利用策略研究

陕甘宁革命遗址见证了中国共产党从胜利走向胜利的伟大历程,具有十分重要且特殊的地位.通过对陕甘宁革命遗址时空分布耦合特征的梳理,提出相应的保护利用策略,既是落实革命文物集中连片保护的政策要求,也是讲好中国共产党故事,弘扬革命精神的必要举措.选取陕甘宁片区1 316处革命遗址为研究对象,综合运用最近邻指数、核密度分析、空间基尼系数、标准差椭圆等量化方法,系统研究陕甘宁革命遗址在空间上的分布特征.主要结论如下:(1)革命遗址整体性强,不同类别的遗产凝聚区域不同.(2)革命遗址空间分布不均匀,围绕延安形成强核心特征,以延安为核心逐步呈现宏观区域差异.(3)革命遗址伴随着时间重心不断迁移,空间中的流线移动现象表明革命遗址在空间上呈现多要素节点特征.(4)建议对陕甘宁革命遗址进行全要素全时空的整体保护,构建“一圣地、两节点、四线路、五组团”的陕甘宁革命遗址活化利用网络体系.

抗战时期陕甘宁边区疾病防治工作的成就、经验及当代价值研究

陕甘宁边区的疾病防治工作是中国共产党领导医疗卫生事业的重要起点之一,为新中国提出“预防为主”等四大卫生方针奠定了基础。本文分析了陕甘宁边区在疾病防治上面临的严峻挑战,呈现了中国共产党为应对这些挑战进行的制度创新以及疾病防治体系的重新构建,认为抗战时期陕甘宁边区发展医疗卫生事业最大的特点是坚持人民性与公益性。这揭示了新中国成立后乃至当前我国疾病防治体制形成的历史渊源,为新时代卫生发展提供历史经验。

黄河流域自然保护地空间格局演变与影响因素研究——以青甘宁片区为例

自然保护地空间格局及影响因素的研究对于构建黄河流域以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系具有现实意义。以黄河流域青甘宁片区国家级自然保护地为案例地,基于2003-2021年306个自然保护地点数据,借助ArcGIS 10.8空间分析工具,运用核密度分析、标准差椭圆等方法,从类型、密度等方面,对研究区域内自然保护地空间分布的时空格局进行研究;运用空间分析、相关性分析和地理探测器对影响因素进行探讨。结果表明,1)青甘宁黄河流域自然保护地空间结构类型为凝聚型和随机型;2)从分布密度上看,呈现出以省会及重点城市为核心,以黄河为轴的点状集聚与线状扩张并存的演变态势;3)自然保护地空间格局方向分布变化不显著,方向与黄河在该区域的流向一致;4)影响流域自然保护地空间分布的因素依次为社会因素(0.6260)>自然因素(0.5797)>经济因素(0.5413),影响因素存在双因子增强和非线性增强。社会因素成为首要因素与青甘宁地区的自然人文环境密切相关,影响因素在共同作用下最终形成了自然保护地空间格局。

共生理论视域下的甘青地区民族民间音乐文化研究

甘青地区自古以来就是一个多民族聚居的地区,民族迁徙、民族杂居、民族融合等现象一直普遍存在,其民间音乐文化呈现出前所未有的繁荣态势,各民族音乐文化相互交融、互通有无、共生共存共荣。本文着重从甘青地区民族民间音乐文化共生的背景、表现特质、核心理念与动力机制等三个方面进行剖析,阐释甘青地区民族民间音乐文化经过漫长的历史进程不断分化、融合和重构、再生的内在机制,在某种意义上,它是中华民族共同体历史形成的缩影和典型案例。

陕甘宁边区烈士褒扬工作的历史考察

抗日战争和解放战争时期,陕甘宁边区通过制定烈士褒扬政策、建立褒扬机构和举办各种形式的纪念活动等方式,维护烈士权益、保障烈属生活,并通过宣扬烈士的光荣事迹和英烈精神,教育革命群众和革命队伍。这些工作不仅凝聚了人心,动员了社会力量,也激发了人们的爱国情感和革命意识,弘扬了民族道义,不仅是党和政府人道主义精神的体现,更是民族道义的彰显,在革命战争时期具有重要意义。

陕甘宁边区“下南路”移民运动的三维探赜

清末民初,由于战乱、灾荒以及由此导致的人口分布差异,一条从陕北北部向南部迁移的路线即“下南路”逐渐形成,这种自发而又零散的移民活动一直延续到抗战时期。在陕甘宁边区应对财政危机开展大生产运动的背景下,中共中央及其领导下的边区政府因应时势,逐步完善移民政策,将自发、零散的“下南路”移民活动变为有组织、有计划的政府行为,并同群众密切结合而发展成为一场轰轰烈烈的群众运动。就此而言,抗战时期陕甘宁边区“下南路”移民运动的兴起是历史传统、现实矛盾及政策支持等多方面因素叠加的结果,在合理调配劳动力、提高农业生产力、改善人民生活水平等方面发挥了重要作用。