Potential Analysis of Inefficient Garden Land and Residual Forest Land Remediation in Comprehensive Land Remediation of the Whole Region—A Case Study of Zhemu Town, Guilin City, China

The remediation of inefficient garden land and defective forest land is one of the important sources and types of supplementary cultivated land in the comprehensive land remediation of the whole region. The remediation and development of inefficient garden land and defective forest land will effectively alleviate the multiple pressures faced by cultivated land at present. Taking Zhemu Town, Guilin City, China as an example, on that basis of the data of the third national land survey, using analytic hierarchy process, this paper selects six evaluation factors, including water source, traffic, slope, field concentration, farmland infrastructure and villagers’ will, to study the remediation potential of inefficient garden land and defective forest land in Zhemu Town, and delimits four potential divisions, in order to provide the basis for the arrangement of land remediation projects in Zhemu Town. The results show that the northern, central and western regions of Zhemu Town have great remediation potential.

The Paradigm Evolution of Chinese Library Gardens:from the Blessed Land of Langhuan to Tianyi Chamber

"The Blessed Land of Langhuan"(Langhu Fudi) was the stonehouse for book storage founded in a novel of the Yuan Dynasty,this title from the classical motif Peach Blossom Spring(Taohuayuan Ji) was used as the traditional libraries' name,and also in the literature,painting,and gardening.The concept was acquired by Zhang Dai,the gardening artist of the late Ming Dynasty,and promoted to the literature and the gardening conception and practices.Taoist concepts in garden construction and painting were better expressed in Half-acre Garden,the bibliophile Wanyan Linqing's garden in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty.This paper by discussing the garden rockeries related to the Blessed Land of Langhuan and investigating landscape environment of Tianyi Chamber(Tianyi Ge),the architectural heritage of the Ming Dynasty,explored the hidden hints of the Blessed Land of Langhuan in the building practices of "the seven libraries of Imperial Collection of Four Divisions"(Siku Qige).

Composition of Garden Road System in Urban Park

Based on the idea of system,the paper had analyzed components of garden road system in urban park and their relations from the perspective of function,pattern and facility,and established framework of garden road system for guidance of garden road construction.After introduction of the connotation of garden road system,its attributes were summarized which were isolated elements,integrated collection,clear level and dynamic development;and its functional composition had been concluded from the aspects of practical function and social function.Practical functions contained traffic organization and guidance tour,space division and landscape composition,facility organization and habitat improvement.Social functions consisted of communication and education function.The pattern of garden road system had been introduced in terms of pattern elements,level structure and layout form.Facilities of garden road system had been classified into five categories covering rest facilities,ornamental facilities,light facilities,display facilities and service facilities.

Urban Market-Gardening in Parakou (Republic of Benin): Spatial Dynamics, Food Security, Protection of the Environment and Creation of Employments

Nowadays, African cities are subjected to upsets which result from the extraordinary growth of urban populations. The growth of the population of cities has induced some changes in the structure of the activity of those cities. Agriculture which was formerly confined to the countryside henceforth develops in the urban area and occupies a preponderant place as a strategy of survival, of insertion and of food supplying of the city-dwellers. It has become an activity integrated to the urban tissue through systems of occupying and exploitation of land in the urban area. Population growth (4.81%) between 2002 and 2013 is a critical poverty rate (65%) of the population of Parakou city, entailing a misery perceptible in all its social and economic dimensions. The market-gardening activity has integrated itself to the urban tissue. The objective of this study is to understand how urban agriculture through market-gardening can be a solution for rural farmers who have moved to Parakou city. In this study, documentary research, interviews and field observation are used for data collection. The main results to be signaled among others are: evolution and status of the market-gardening areas in Parakou, the reduction of food insecurity with the permanent availability in quantity and in quality of market-gardening products accessible to the population: the protection of the environment through the drainage of the urban area and the preservation of the diversity of vegetables;the increase of the income of the households of the farmers and the creation of employments.

Change of ecosystem service value in Menglian county with large-area economic gardens

From the point of spatio-temporal changes of ecological system type,function and value,in Menglian county,land using/cover data was based on three Landsat TM images(respectively obtained in2000,2005,2010 and 2015) which were interpreted as basic information sources by using RS and GIS technology and then revising ecosystem service value per unit area in Menglian county.This paper has researched on the changes of ecosystem service value of economic garden for large area planting as well as evaluated ecosystem service value scientifically in Menglian county combined with the sensitivity analysis.The Results showed that:(1) In Menglian county,from 2000 to 2015,land use pattern manifested as the transformation from large areas of cultivated land,forest land and shrub to the economic landscape,the economic landscape is increased by 24458.31 hm^2,however,farm land,wood land and shrub are reduced by 24865.74 hm2 in total;(2) Changes of ecosystem service value is closely related to economic landscape development in Menglian county.The situation of ecosystem service value shows the changing trend from improvement to severity in 2000-2015.ESV is increased by 96.39 million yuan from 2000 to2005,whose annual growth rate is about 0.56%·a^(-1).But in the year of 2005 to 2015,ESV is reduced by120.23 million yuan and annual reduced rate is about 0.34%·a^(-1);(3) In Menglian county,the main ecological system is the woodland ecological system,the primary ecosystem service functions are biodiversity protection,gas regulation,soil formation and retention,climate regulation and water supply,the ecological benefit were decreased in 2000-2015;(4) From the aspect of space distribution,ecosystem service value in Menglian county is relatively high in the central area and relatively not high in the western and eastern area.ESV(yuan·hm`(-2)) was changed obvious,Gongxin town trended to decline,other towns increased first the then reduced.The temporal and spatial variation of ecosystem service value in Menglian county is affected by natural and human factors.The key to the development of economic landscape is rational land use according to the practical situation,which can create economic value and also keep its ecological value.

乌鲁木齐市耕读园认养农业模式发展现状及建议

认养农业是共享经济的具体体现之一,依托于互联网、政府及自身服务3者的有机结合。新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市认养农业起步较晚,目前认养农业范围已扩展至果蔬、禽畜、植被等多种农业生产领域。耕读园自2020年开始将认养农业运用于经营体制中,在自然环境、消费群体、消费观念等区位优势的加持下,相较于以往认养模式,其新颖的生产方式和多样化娱乐项目备受消费者青睐。在消费者与经营者的共同经营下,实现耕读园员工增收、农业可持续发展。耕读园认养模式在发展过程中,易受消费者认知、多样化需求、操作程序等因素影响,致使其存在宣传力度不足、科技生产力低下、网络融合度差等问题,进而就如何增强区域影响力、积极完善基础设施建设、与科技生产融合及培养高素质农业人才等方面为耕读园经营提出改善措施。

粮食安全视域下的耕地概念探讨

聚焦我国耕地资源国情,从保障安全视域出发,分析粮食安全内涵变化过程中对耕地资源保障的需求,通过对国际上耕地概念的概述和从历史、常识、法律、技术等角度对耕地概念的理解,提出完善耕地概念的建议,采用定量分析法、实证分析法、逻辑分析法、历史研究法,以期为加强粮食安全耕地保障能力提供参考。现行耕地概念过于强调技术逻辑,在我国农业生产土地资源趋紧的条件下,并不利于我国的粮食安全和居民生活水平提升,尤其是园地与耕地都以生产食用农产品为主导功能。有必要适应我国农业特别是种植业发展的需要,让耕地概念回归本义与常识,将园地等支撑种植业发展的土地资源纳入耕地范围,并赋予耕地概念管理逻辑和规划属性。研究结论:统筹法理逻辑、管理逻辑、技术逻辑与常识认知,将耕地概念界定为“用于种植农作物的土地”,形成对国家粮食安全整体利益价值追求。

“可食用城市”发展理念下的碎片化农用地利用路径研究

我国高度重视农用地保护,实行最严格的耕地保护制度。然而耕地的保护、农用地的有效利用仍面临诸多问题,尤其是城市空间中的碎片化农用地存在分布广、撂荒严重等问题。文章引入“可食用城市”理念,以份地花园、社区农园、公共农园的案例,从经济效益、社会效益、生态景观效益等方面进行分析,提出碎片化农用地发展与利用的新途径。

成都万佛寺造像碑中的佛寺园林图像研究

佛寺园林是兴起于东晋、南朝时期的中国园林样式。成都市万佛寺的“元嘉二年造像碑”“梁二菩萨造像碑”和“须弥山造像碑”背面雕刻有独特的园林图像,图像较为客观地表现了东晋、南朝时期佛寺园林的艺术风貌,同时这三幅图像也是现已发现创作时间最早的“净土图式经变”题材的佛教美术作品。通过考证,万佛寺造像碑上的“净土图式经变”是参照南朝佛寺园林,应用全景式的构图,采用南朝“台榭”画的方法创造而成。图像运用了三段式分层的布局方法,通过将各种物象归纳为“梯形”图式并加以组合的方式,表现出南朝佛寺园林宏大的场面和深远的意境。万佛寺造像碑参照世俗社会中的佛寺园林作为“净土图式经变”绘画原型的创作方法,影响了敦煌唐代“净土变”题材壁画的创作。

顾及城郊农田生态服务价值的中心城区生态安全网络重构

针对中心城区日益凸显的农业、生态、城镇三类空间冲突问题,借鉴田园城市理论,创新性地提出一种利用城郊高生态价值农田细化城市生态安全网络,构建“三生”空间协调有序的国土空间格局的方法。利用防城港市遥感影像、国土调查和社会经济数据,在城郊耕地综合评价的基础上,采用评价结果修正的当量因子法评估其农田生态价值。进一步利用InVEST、MSPA及MCR模型初步构建市域生态安全网络,再将高生态价值农田作为临时生态节点完成网络重构,并进行对比分析。以重构的新网络指导中心城区的规划分区优化,并对市域和中心城区两级生态网络要素的空间管控规则及联合管理机制进行了探索。结果表明:(1)防城港市区单位面积农田生态价值为35540元/hm^(2),高生态价值农田较均匀的环城分部。(2)重构后的网络新增34个临时节点和51条绿带,延长48.425 km,增加808.89 hm^(2)生态源。(3)新网络能有效引导中心城区形成圈层发展结构,较原网络在连通性、有效性、稳定性上均有所提升。研究结果为注重协调发展的国土空间规划背景下区域空间格局优化提供了新的思路。

园林地慢速渗滤系统处理农村分散式生活污水

针对农村分散式生活污水处理设施缺乏而面源污染严重的问题,该研究从土壤自净功能出发,结合传统土地慢速渗滤处理系统和澳大利亚FILTER系统技术特点,提出了园林地慢速渗滤农村生活污水处理系统,优化了污水处理工艺中的布水和排水系统,提高了系统的污水接纳与处理能力。试验结果表明该系统对TN(总氮)、TP(总磷)、COD(化学需氧量)、TOC(总有机碳)、NH4+-N(铵态氮)均有较好去除效果,平均去除率分别为80.7%、89.2%、89.5%、60.2%、85.7%,出水水质达到一级A类标准。该系统对农村生活污水处理效果良好,具有技术可行、成本有效和管理方便等特点,为中国现阶段农村生态环境建设提供参考。

沼液的园林地消解处理利用及其对土壤微生物碳、氮与酶活性的影响

近年来,沼气工程发展迅猛,产生的大量沼液处理和排放问题日益突出,成为水环境保护中亟待解决的关键问题。为研究沼液灌溉园林地土壤进行消解处理利用过程对土壤微生物碳、氮及酶活的影响,提出沼液安全排放处理的新途径,通过在江苏宜兴万石镇葡萄园基地进行大田试验,比较了不同处理下沼液消解利用过程对土壤微生物碳、氮以及土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳的关系,并测定了土壤几种常见酶的活性。结果表明,沼液园林地(葡萄园)消解利用过程不会降低土壤微生物碳、氮含量,地面间作黑麦草或地下安装排水管道时能显著提高土壤微生物碳、氮含量,分别提高8.70%和17.34%。沼液园林地消解利用能提高土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳比率,但未达到显著性水平。沼液在园林地消解利用中,只进行沼液灌溉的处理区土壤蔗糖酶活性略微下降,其他试验区土壤蔗糖酶含量较对照区显著性提高,试验区土壤脲酶也较对照区提高了数倍以上,但土壤酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶在该试验研究中未表现出较大变化。该试验仅为沼液消解处理利用的田间短期效应,沼液园林地消解利用处理对作物品质、土壤肥力和农业生产环境的综合影响仍需进行长期试验验证。

城市园林绿化用地土壤肥力诊断与综合评价——以广州市长虹苗圃为例

以广州市长虹苗圃为例，在实地调查与采样分析的基础上，首先对土壤肥力各单项指标进行诊断分析，然后采用修正的内梅罗指数对各地块进行土壤综合肥力评价。结果表明长虹苗圃土壤pH值偏低，有机质以及其它主要养分含量缺乏，各地块综合肥力系数大都属于贫瘠水平，其中南区、北区综合肥力明显低于东区。

太湖流域坡地茶园径流流失规律

在太湖流域坡地茶园进行小区试验,研究自然降雨条件下坡地茶园径流流失的基本规律。结果表明,在常规种植条件下,茶园的平均年径流水量为98.29L·m-2,随径流流失的氮素量为11.685kg·hm-2,其中硝态氮(NO3--N)流失量为8.918kg·hm-2,占总氮的76.320%;可溶性总磷(TDP)流失量为0.128kg·hm-2,磷酸根(PO43-)流失量为0.104kg·hm-2,占磷总流失量的65.823%;径流携带泥沙量为181.13kg·hm-2,其中泥沙携带氮为0.272kg·hm-2,泥沙携带磷为0.030kg·hm-2;氮、磷流失系数分别为1.008%和-0.087%,氮、磷肥流失率分别为5.686%和0.190%。说明试验区域坡地茶园径流量少,氮、磷流失较少,产生农业面源污染的风险较小。

基于AHP的郑州绿博园滨水植物群落的景观评价与分析

根据郑州绿博园的现场调查数据,对其20个样地采用层次分析法进行植物景观评价与分析,选择生态功能、美学功能和服务功能3个评价准则,计算指标层各因素的权重后加权计算各样地的综合评价得分并排序。结果表明,(1)准则层中,生态功能所占权重最大,指标层中,物种多样性所占权重最大;(2)评价结果排序结果中,前3个样地依次为样地11、6、4,后3个依次为样地17、15、16。研究结果检验了绿博园的滨水植物景观设计成果,可为城市滨水植物景观设计提供参考。

汶川地震后成都市园林绿地防灾避险功能调查

以成都市区为研究对象,针对城市园林绿地的防灾避险功能,采用问卷调查与实地调查相结合的方法,对成都市青羊区、锦江区、成华区、武侯区的居民汶川地震前后去公园的频率、方式、避难选择意向,居民区周围绿地的布局、面积大小、交通状况及内部设施等情况进行了调查,结果表明:成都市区不同类型的园林绿地具备一定的应急避难的潜力;居民对园林绿地的防灾避险功能缺乏了解;通往避难绿地的避难道路维护差;园林绿地的防灾避险建设水平亟需提高;等等。调查结果对震后成都市防灾避险绿地建设具有重要的参考意义。

污水处理厂污泥土地利用的现状与发展趋势

污水处理厂剩余污泥含有大量的有机质和矿质元素,可以显著提高土壤肥力,将其进行土地利用是一种既经济又有效的污泥处置方式。本文介绍了国内外污泥土地利用的概况,以及污泥在农业、园林绿化和土地修复等方面的利用现状,并分析了污泥土地利用在未来的发展趋势。

浙江野生果树资源在城市园林绿地中的应用

浙江拥有丰富的野生果树资源,针对野生果树资源在城市园林绿地中的利用率低、缺乏多样性的情况,根据各类城市园林绿地的使用要求和环境特征,统计分析了适用于公园绿地、防护绿地、附属绿地等各类城市园林绿地的浙江野生果树树种,提出了应用中存在的问题及对策。

英国份地花园的历史与未来

份地花园在英国起源于圈地运动和工业化过程中失去了土地的城市化人口的生计需要,在立法的推动下一直稳步增长,在2次世界大战和大萧条时期因为国家的推动力形成高潮,在战后经济恢复时期陷入低谷。20世纪90年代以后,份地花园经历了从份地花园向休闲花园的过渡。在多元化的当代社会,由于其独特的社会意义和悠久的历史,成为重要的文化遗产,并在可持续发展战略和21世纪议程的框架下逐渐复兴。

大地园林化——中国现代园林发展的必由之路

现代园林建设已走过了传统的游憩观赏阶段,进入了改善人居环境及满足景观效应的阶段,传统园林已不能适应现代社会的发展需求。通过对传统园林局限性的分析,阐述了大地园林化的必要性和主要内容。