Occurrence and Prevention of Garden Plant Sunscald

To explore the occurrence laws of garden plant sunscald in summer,the authors investigated occurrence of garden plant sunscald systematically in Suzhou classical gardens and some other gardens in the downtown areas and outskirt of the city,classifi ed the severity of sunscald into"severe","moderate"and"slight".The study aims at offering references for garden landscape planning and management departments.

Effects of Different Cultivation Time of Garden Plants on Soil Chemical Properties and Soil Enzyme Activities

Garden soil test was used to study the effects of different cultivation time of garden plants on soil chemical properties and soil enzyme activities in the garden. The results showed that with the extension of cultivation time,the activity of protease,urease and catalase in Ginkgo biloba soil increased significantly,while the activity of protease in other garden plants showed a certain degree of decline,and the activity of urease increased significantly in the soil cultivated Lagerstroemia indica for over 3 years. However,in the soil cultivated the garden plants for less than 3 years,the difference in the activity of urease was relatively small,and the difference in the activity of catalase was relatively significant.

Evaluation Indicator System of Low-carbon Landscape in Residential Areas: A Case Study of Garden Plant Landscape

Garden plant landscape is one of the main contents of low-carbon landscape design in residential areas. From the basic theory of garden plant landscaping, we put forth five principles and ideas concerning the building of evaluation indicator system of garden plant landscape, to establish the indicator system with ecological quality, recreational function and aesthetic effect as three layers. According to the characteristics of evaluation system, we use qualitative and quantitative integration method, coupled with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and expert consulting method, to determine the weight of various factors. And we use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to test this indicator system, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the research on evaluation indicator system of low-carbon landscape.

Artful Application of Garden Plants in Classical Suzhou Gardens

Defi nition of plant landscaping and features of plant landscaping in classical Suzhou gardens were introduced, the forms of combining plants and buildings, rockeries and waterscapes were analyzed by elaborating selection of plant species and plant furnishings. In addition, manifestation of artistic beauty of the classical Suzhou gardens was explored, and protective measures were given.

Construction of Spatial Pattern of Garden Plant Landscape in Urban Waterfront

The spatial pattern of urban waterfront landscape is an important factor affecting the quality of urban culture and improving the recognition of the city.As the core material of urban landscape design,garden plants play a very important role in the construction of spatial pattern of urban waterfront landscape.The spatial pattern of garden plant landscape can be divided into three types:two-dimensional,vertical and special.The two-dimensional spatial pattern focuses on the construction of"meaning and form".The vertical spatial pattern focuses on the construction of"image".The special spatial pattern of garden plants focuses on the construction of"artistic conception".The three types are used to create a spatial pattern of urban waterfront landscape with rich spatial and temporal changes and artistic connotation.

Thoughts about Plant Landscape Forms of Urban Gardens

Landscape presents nature to us in another way through artificial transformation. At the same time of rapid development,cities should attach great importance to setting of urban green landscape. Plant landscape of urban gardens is an essential part of urban green landscape. To study plant landscape of urban gardens,it is necessary to find out growth habits and characteristics of plants,and ornamental benefits of plants. Different plants can be combined together to produce different space forms and generate different aesthetic effects. Through enriching plant landscape forms of urban gardens,it is feasible to increase the interest of urban landscape.

Distribution of Aluminum and Fluoride in Tea Plant and Soil of Tea Garden in Central and Southwest China

The distribution of Al and F contents and the relationship between Al and F in tea plants and soils of 12 tea gardens in Central and Southwest China were investigated from October 31 to November 14, 2006. The results show that there were differences in pH, CEC, the contents of organic matter (OM), Al and F in the different soils of the tea gardens. The Al content ranged from 1196 to 7976mg/kg for old leaf, 370 to 2681mg/kg for young leaf and 285 to 525mg/kg for stem, whereas the content of F ranged from 221 to 1504mg/kg for old leaf, 49 to 602mg/kg for young leaf and 13.5 to 77.5mg/kg for stem. The concentrations of labile Al varied obviously in the different soils, but the distribution law of labile Al content for the same garden was Alexchangeable≈AlFe-Mn oxide>Alorganic>Alwater-soluble. The contents of different labile F fractions varied slightly in the different soils and the different soil layers, though the exchangeable F content was lowest among the labile F in the soils. The concentrations of Al and F in tea plants increased with increasing amount of water-soluble Al or F, especially the amount of water-soluble fractions in the soil layer of 0-20cm.The correlation between Al content and F content in the tea leaf was more significant than that in the tea stem. Furthermore, the correlation between Al content and F content in whole tea plant was strongly significant (r=0.8763, p<0.01, n=36). There were evident tendency that Al concentration increased with the increase of F concentration in different soil layers. The correlation of water-soluble Al with water-soluble F in all soils was also strongly significant (r=0.7029, p<0.01, n=34). The results may provide a proof that Al and F are jointly taken up by tea plants to some extent in natural tea gardens.

Current Plant Landscaping in Southern Gardens and Suggestions for the Optimized Configuration

Abundant lands of China such as Suzhou, Hangzhou, Sichuan and Chongqing are all located in the basin of the Yangtze River, and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt, enjoy mild climate, sufficient rainfall, rich ornamental plant resources and diversifi ed landscaping techniques. In the long-term landscaping practices, plant furnishing arts characterized by diversifi ed layer division, elegant styles, delicate and vivid images have been formed, but are still limited in combination of plant species and selection of varieties. In accordance with personal experience in plant landscaping in recent years, the author provided a few suggestions for the optimized confi guration of plant landscapes in southern regions.

Plant Selection and Application of Rain Garden in Southern China

Based on the basic principles of rain garden infrastructure, optimal species for rain facilities such as vegetated buffer strip, vegetated shallow groove, artificial wetland were selected, characteristics, configuration principles and methods were summarized.

Study on the Ground Cover Plant in Tibetan Herb Garden

This paper conducts a comprehensive survey of the ground cover plant in Tibetan herb garden for the first time using " five-point sampling method". Survey results show that:(i) A total of 46 families,95 genera,119 species of ground cover plants in herb garden are applied in Tibet,and Asteraceae,Gramineae,Leguminosae,Labiatae,Iridaceae and Liliaceae are used most,with the species number of 22,15,8,7,6 and 5,respectively,accounting for 18. 49%,12. 61%,6. 72%,5. 88%,5. 04% and 4. 20% of the plants surveyed,respectively.(ii) In terms of importance value for the herbaceous layer,the top three plants are Poa pratensis L.,Festuca arundinace and Lolium multiflorum L.,with the importance value of 45. 950,34. 610 and 29. 880,respectively; in terms of importance value for the non-turf ground cover herb plants,the top three plants are Trifolium L.,Cosmos bipinnata Cav. and Althaea rosea(Linn.) Cavan.,with the importance value of4. 372,3. 437 and 2. 062,respectively.(iii) The overall level of greening is low and uneven in the region,with large regional differences. In terms of ground cover plant abundance,Nyingchi > Lhasa > Shannan > Changdu > Xigaze > Ali > Nagqu.

The future of plant conservation and the role of botanic gardens

1.Introduction The papers included in this special issue are mostly based on presentations made at the IABG international conference held at Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden.China,November 2016,which addressed the roles that botanic gardens,both in China and elsewhere,can play in national biodiversity conservation stra-

The Application of Plant Culture in Architectural Decorations of Classical Gardens of Yangzhou

Investigations were made on the various plant patterns which appeared in the decorations of the two types of gardens, namely private gardens and temple gardens in Yangzhou. Analysis was made of the application of plant elements in each location, their implication of the traditional culture, and the relationship between the garden style, theme and artistic conception, aiming to provide a reference for the application of plant culture in the future garden decorations design.

Significance of Implementing ISO9001 and ISO14001 Standards in Tourism Service Enterprises——the Practice at xin Long Tropical Plants Garden

As a China national comprehensive tropical plants garden, the Xin Long Tropical Plants Garden undertakes multiple tasks of scientific research, species protection, popular science education and tourism reception. Same as a global tropical plants garden, it also faces the strategic tasks of reasonable utilization of biological resources & environmental protection, international exchange & international cooperation and upgrading the level of management. How to upgrade the level of services; how to provide the society with high quality tourism services; how to achieve both resources exploitation and environmental protection; how to match with the international practice; how to eliminate technical barrier of trade and ensure fair competition etc; all these are the problems of common concern of both domestic and foreign enterprises of tourism service. The Xin Long Tropical Plants Garden has taken a trial implementation of ISO9001:2000 and ISO14001:1996 dual standard system since 2001 and passed the certification of CQM (China Certification Center for Quality Mark) in 2002 and gained the certificate of IQNet, so set an example in implementing standardized management for both domestic and foreign enterprises of tourism service.

Garden Egg (Solanum melongena L.) Performance under Different Sources of Animal Manure as a Sustainable Alternative Fertilizer for Farmers

To ensure food security, continuous intensive farming systems with limited fallowing periods and other farming systems like crop rotation have led to poor soil health with extremely low organic matter, especially in tropical regions with high organic matter mineralization. Small-scale farmers in developing countries cannot afford intensive agricultural systems with heavy chemical inputs, which have not improved soil health. Inorganic fertilizers are harmful to the environment, so farmers should use cheap, locally available organic fertilizers like animal manure, which supports organic agricultural systems and soil health. Animal manure is used as a soil amendment to improve soil health, fertility, and crop yields, but data on how different manures affect specific crops is scarce. Poultry, cattle, and goat manure were compared to no fertilizer and mineral fertilizer on garden egg phenology, vegetative growth, and yield. Poultry manure improved garden egg vegetative growth, phenology, yield, and yield components compared to the negative control and the other treatments. Poultry manure yielded the most fruit at 0.921 kg∙ha-1, followed by cattle and goat manure at 0.709 kg∙ha-1 and 0.698 kg∙ha-1. In conclusion, poultry manure may be a better alternative to synthetic NPK with yield performance similar to garden eggs and long-term soil health benefits similar to other manure sources.

尤溪九阜山省级自然保护区野生园林保健植物资源调查

为更好地开发和利用园林保健植物资源,采用室外调查、资料检索与访谈相结合的方法,对福建省尤溪九阜山省级自然保护区野生园林保健植物资源进行调查,探究其资源概况和保健作用,并提出相应的开发对策。结果表明,该区野生园林保健植物共有60科87属105种(含种下分级),其保健植物的保健类型、生活型、生境、海拔分布和保健作用具有多样性,开发利用价值大。调查结果为野生园林保健植物资源的进一步研究与开发提供了参考。

甘肃民勤沙生植物园荒漠植物引种驯化研究综述

据统计我国荒漠维管束植物有82科484属1704种,不仅在防风固沙、改善生态环境方面发挥着重要作用,而且为人类提供重要生活资料,是维系生态平衡、经济和社会可持续发展的宝贵种质资源。以我国第一座荒漠植物园—民勤沙生植物园为案例,对荒漠植物引种驯化工作进行了回顾总结,同时指出未来发展的方向。民勤沙生植物园先后引进各类植物680余种,成功筛选出梭梭、拧条锦鸡儿、细枝羊柴等10余种优良防风固沙造林树种。通过开展蒙古韭、沙蓬、斧翅沙芥、锁阳、肉苁蓉等沙漠经济植物种的驯化栽培与示范推广,丰富了农村产业结构,辐射带动了区域经济发展。未来荒漠区植物引种驯化应面向和美乡村建设与产业发展需求,充分利用甘肃省民勤治沙站荒漠植物国家林木种质资源库平台,强抓国家植物园建设机遇,重视对野生荒漠草本植物种质资源的引种驯化,加强荒漠区林草新品种培育,以期为我国西北风沙区乡村振兴提供技术支撑。

6 种园林植物挥发性有机物成分分析

为探究北京市6种常见园林植物挥发性有机化合物(BVOCs)的组成,采用动态顶空套袋法采集和热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用法对侧柏、雪松、矮紫杉、银杏、北京丁香以及月季的挥发性有机物进行分析鉴定,并利用离子峰面积归一化法对植物释放挥发性有机物的峰面积进行百分比标准化,测算化合物的相对含量。结果表明:侧柏BVOCs包括8类62种,雪松BVOCs包括8类64种,矮紫杉BVOCs包括7类65种,银杏BVOCs包括8类56种,北京丁香BVOCs包括8类57种,月季BVOCs包括9类56种;6种园林植物BVOCs均含有烯烃类、烷烃类、芳香烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类7类化合物,但各类别化合物的相对含量有明显差异且挥发性有机物中均含有(+)-α-蒎烯、(+)-柠檬烯、甲苯、正己醛、反式-3-己烯-1-醇5种共有成分,其含量分别占侧柏、雪松、矮紫杉、银杏、北京丁香和月季挥发性成分总量的12.24%、40.1%、2.44%、10.74%、24.32%、4.65%。研究结果对于北京市城市园林绿化树种的合理选择及科学配置具有参考意义。

广州市白云区城市公园园林植物资源调查与分析

为了解广州市白云区城市公园园林植物资源现状,通过实地调查和查阅文献资料,对广州市白云区21个城市公园园林植物的组成、优势科、生活型、观赏特性、物种来源和应用现状进行全面调查与分析。结果表明,广州市白云区城市公园共有园林植物302种,隶属于82科214属,其中桑科(Moraceae)、龙舌兰科(Agavaceae)、大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、棕榈科(Arecaceae)、苏木科(Caesalpiniaceae)和桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)7科为优势科。生活型以乔木、灌木和草本植物为主。植物观赏特性以观花植物为主。乡土植物164种,外来植物138种。针对存在的植物景观层次单调、植物景观季相不明显及乡土植物应用种类较少等问题,建议增加藤本植物、竹类和水生植物种类和应用频率,增加观赏性落叶植物的应用和乡土植物的应用种类。

不同园林植物与大灰藓混种对植株生长生理特性及养分吸收的影响

【目的】研究苔藓和园林植物混种对植株生长和养分吸收的影响,为苔藓植物与园林植物的合理配置提供参考。【方法】盆栽试验在贵州大学试验基地大棚内进行,供试材料为大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme)和5种常用的园林植物,设置黄金菊(Euryops pectinatus)、金盏菊(Calendula officinalis)、韭莲(Zephyranthes carinata)、葱莲(Zephyranthes candida)、红花酢浆草(Oxalis corywbosa)单种作为对照(记为CK-1、CK-2、CK-3、CK-4、CK-5),分别与大灰藓混种为处理,依次记为J1、J2、J3、J4、J5。在移栽30、60、90天时,调查植物生长指标、生物量、总叶绿素和可溶性糖含量(SS),测定基质表面遮阴度及湿度,同时取栽培基质样品,分析氮、磷、钾和有机碳含量。采用相对邻体效应指数(RNEI)分析混种对植物生长的效应,用模糊隶属函数评价各因素对混种植物生长影响的重要性。【结果】1)与单种相比,混种大灰藓提高了黄金菊、韭莲、葱莲的生物量及总叶绿素、可溶性糖、氮、磷、钾、碳含量,提高了金盏菊、红花酢浆草的可溶性糖、磷、钾、碳含量。J1、J3、J4处理显著促进了大灰藓生长,提高了其生物量及总叶绿素、磷、碳含量,而J2和J5处理抑制了大灰藓的生长,显著降低了大灰藓总叶绿素、可溶性糖、氮、碳含量,与相对邻体效应指数分析结果一致。2)与单种对照相比,混种大灰藓处理显著增加了基质的相对湿度,J1、J2、J3、J4处理均显著提高了基质中全氮、全磷、全钾和有机碳含量,而J5处理虽然显著提高了基质有机碳含量,但显著降低了全氮、全磷及全钾含量。3)隶属函数综合评价得出,J1处理大灰藓的综合评价指数最高(0.93),J2处理最低(0.18);除红花酢浆草外,其余4种园林植物的隶属函数值均为混种高于单种。【结论】黄金菊、韭莲、葱莲适宜与大灰藓进行混种,两者既能相互促进生长,又能提高基质养分含量,其中以大灰藓+黄金菊混种的效果最好。