Drivers of the Chemical Quality of Market Gardening Soils in the Urban and Peri-Urban Environment of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso): Impact of Fertilizers Sources and Sites Location

Urban and peri-urban agriculture plays a key role by providing many goods and services. In particular, it provides diversified food and employment for vulnerable groups (youth and women). However, it often involves negative externalities due to non-conventional soils fertility management practices. This study aimed to investigate the chemical quality of soils over six (06) sites of the market gardening area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) as affected by fertilizers uses and sites location. Thirty (30) representative market gardening farms, located in urban, semi-urban and rural areas, were randomly selected from a baseline survey database. Within each farm, composite soil samples made up of 3 individual cores were taken over the 0 - 15 cm soil depth for determining soils carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus contents and pH-water. These data were normalized and summarized to compute a synthetic Soil Fertility Index (SFI). The data processing was focused on a Principal Component Analysis and an Ascendant Hierarchical Classification in order to make a typology of the vegetable farms. Fertilizers management effects on soils quality were compared through Variance Analysis (ANOVA) following a GLM procedure in Rstudio software. As main results, soils chemical parameters, except for available K, were affected by the location of the sites. Soils in urban farms are less acidic (on average pH = 6.9), while semi-urban and rural sites (Samadeni, Nakaguana) have more acidic soils. However, the latter site had the highest values of C and N. Moreover, the long-term application of organic matter sources results in improving of the chemical quality of the market garden soil. The SFI is positively correlated with the rate of applied organic fertilizers, and the cultivation duration. On the other hand, soil quality tends to decrease with the expansion of the area, due to a dilution effect of the organic fertilizer doses. All these results suggest that there is a real scope to reinforce the position of the market garden as an opportunity for recycling organic wastes and sequestration of carbon by promoting relevant fertilization packages that strongly rely on organic matters sources (Compost, Biochar, etc.).

Communicating the Meaning of Nature-texts:An Ecosemiotic Enquiry of Chinese Gardening and Penjing

Nature-text is an important concept in ecosemiotics.Unlike the traditional notion of text,nature-text considers natural environments as units of meaning with double dimensions of semiosis,that is,intratextual biosemiosis between organisms and intertextual semiosis in cultural communication.To a great extent,the latter affects meaning generation of the semiotic texts,and the quantity,type and process of the former.As Chinese gardens and penjing are characteristic nature-texts,examining and interpreting them from an ecosemiotic perspective would shed light on the cultural effects on meaning generation and communication of nature-texts,and on the interaction amongst various phases and forms of biosemiosis.

Study on Gardening Photography

Through analyzing the concept,development history and works of gardening photography,unique status and charm of gardening photography in the field of photography art was explored.It was proposed that professional knowledge about gardening disciplines should be grasped,and the shoot targets shouid be fully investigated to present excellent works of gardening photography.In addition,photographers should have strong artistic sense,and be able to grasp the means of expressing image language,so that they will produce works with outstanding themes,proper light,concise composition,harmonious hue color and shadow tone.Sophisticated equipment and post processing skills are also needed.

Discussions about Gardening Craft of Japanese Gardens and Implications for China

Japanese gardens were developed under the influence of China.In the process of development,the Japanese gardens studied the modern Western gardening craft,and developed unique gardening craft with local regional characteristics and national style in accordance with local conditions.This paper analyzed Japanese gardens through the development of Japanese gardens,the development process,the types of gardens and gardening elements,the characteristics of garden design and the implications for modern and contemporary Chinese garden design.In addition,through an in-depth understanding of Japanese gardens and exploring their intrinsic value,this paper summarized their development experience,in the hope of applying them into the future garden landscape design.

Analysis of Gardening Characteristics and Style Formation of Lingnan Gardens

Lingnan gardens,as one of the three major schools of Chinese classical gardens,have distinct local characteristics and pursue the unity of practicality and artistry.They began to develop during the Qin and Han dynasties,gradually formed their own unique characteristics during the Song and Yuan dynasties,became mature and were extricated from the influence of southern gardens and northern gardens during the Ming and Qing dynasties.In this paper,from the macro and micro levels,as well as natural,social and humanistic perspectives,the style formation of Lingnan gardens was studied.

The Inspiration of Poetic and Picturesque Literati Garden to Chinese Modern Gardening

Literati garden in Chinese classical garden has its own characteristics,and literature,philosophy and aesthetic values contained in literati garden have a profound impact on the gardening of later generations.Literati garden embodies the aesthetic orientation of Chinese people’s love of poetry and painting,pays attention to the creation of poetic atmosphere and creates an emotional space,making that viewers appreciate the beauty of blending feelings and scenery.In this paper,the characteristics of the literati garden in Chinese classical garden are summarized,and its gardening essence is excavated,and its enlightenment to the modern Chinese garden is explored.

Gardening Art of Gu Dongyang's Memorial Temple in Wuxi City,Jiangsu Province

On the basis of explaining goals of building temple gardens,Gu Dongyang’s Memorial Temple in Wuxi City was taken for example to analyze its gardening arts from the perspective of water layout,stone layout,building and plant design,and elaborate its cultural connotations from decorative symbols of its architectural components.It was concluded that Gu Dongyang’s Memorial Temple,in spite of its small size and plain style,had profound historical background and high referential value for furthering the study on temple gardens in the south of the Yangtze River.

Gardening and Agricultural Application in Chengde Summer Mountain Resort

Taking Chengde Summer Mountain Resort for example, agricultural development and application in gardening practices in the flourishing ages of Kangxi and Qianlong, and cultural connotations of valuing the fundamental role of agriculture in national economy were analyzed.

Application of Guizhou National Culture in Gardening Landscape in China——A Case Study of Landscape Design of Xiaohe Aerospace Park in China

Guizhou is a settlement of minorities and its colorful national cultures can provide materials for creation of characteristic landscape.Through the analysis of landscape design scheme of Xiaohe Aerospace Park,the paper has discussed the absorption of Guizhou national culture and its application in gardening landscape.With plants landscaping as the dominance,based on the actual situation of the site,bronze drum as a featured instrument of Buyi Nationality has been selected as the design factor,and plants landscaping has been conducted according to the shapes of symbols of twelve drum spectrums.Then,the pavement with the pattern of minority girls has been designed and made of green materials,forming the landscape effect of minority girls dancing on bronze drum.It shows that absorbing characteristic factors of Guizhou national culture and applying them in gardening landscape can improve the cultural connotation of landscape and help to inherit Guizhou national culture.

A Study of Students' Achievement Evaluation Modes Based on Practical Courses concerning Higher Vocational Gardening Technology Major

True,objective and impartial course and achievement evaluation is the requirement of modern higher vocational education,and can avoid " high scores and low abilities" of students to the maximum. This article focuses on expounding the " two connections and five combinations" dual evaluation modes of higher vocational gardening technology major students' achievement on practical courses,namely connection between major and industry; connection between achievement and occupation; combination of on-campus and off-campus teachers' evaluation;combination of process and results evaluation; combination of course evaluation and professional skill appraisal; combination of students' selfevaluation and teachers' evaluation; combination of examination paper and non-examination paper evaluation; combination of group and individual evaluation.

Research on the Path to Creating Home Gardening Brand Assets Based on Customers——A Case Study of Hongyue Garden Maker

In this paper,using the research method of grounded theory,with the competitive brand of home gardening—Hongyue Garden Maker as the specific object of study,we collect the data through interviews and surveys,conduct coding analysis step by step on the data,establish the brand asset creation path model consisting of some main dimensions including " brand salience"," brand performance"," brand image"," brand judgment"," brand feeling",and " brand resonance",and reveal the interaction and logical relationship between the above dimensions,so as to provide theoretical support for the asset creation of many kinds of home gardening and other brands.

Design and Key Technology of Gardening Information Management System Based on Data Center

To provide scientific management basis for the garden planning, project construction, maintenance, social service, this paper prompted that the urban gardening administration sectors need to construct gardening information management system. On the basis of fully requirements analysis of gardening sectors, this paper discussed the key technology for system construction. It also proposed to flexibly and smartly build up the system by using the secondary development design environment and running environment based on data center integration development platform. This system greatly helps the daily management and plays very important role in improving urban ecological environment and investment environment.

Primary lymphocutaneous nocardiosis associated with gardening: A case series

Most cases of nocardiosis are seen in immunocompromised patients. Primary lymphocutaneous is a relatively uncommon presentation of this disease that may also occurs in normal hosts. Diagnosing this infection requires a high index of suspicion since cultures can take several days to exhibit growth. The microbiology laboratory must therefore be notified about cases in which this pathogen is suspected. We report four cases of primary lymphocutaneous norcardiosis. Of particular interest is the association of three of these cases with gardening.

Quality of Well Water Used for Market Gardening from Lendeng Area Located in Common of Rufisque (Senegal)

This study analysis was conducted to know the quality of well water around the market gardening area of Lendeng located in the common of Rufisque Est (Senegal). In this study, six groundwater samples were taken near the Lendeng market gardening area. The physicochemical parameters of water such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), iron (Fe2+), chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO3-4) and phosphate (PO3-4) were measured. The analysis results obtained show sulphate and phosphate have the highest levels. These results were compared to drinking water standards from the World Health Organization (WHO). The correlation coefficient ANOVA was applied to the test result of the samples. The statistical study showed that the well water in the market gardening area of Lendeng is not polluted.

Impacts of Market Gardening Practices on Environmental Resources: The Case of Irrigable Lands in Bonkoukou (Imanan Rural Municipality, SW Niger Republic)

Due to increasingly extreme climatic conditions in the Sahel, irrigated crops are emerging as imperative innovations for agricultural transformation and resilience. This study is designed to assess the impact of market gardening on soil, water and plant cover in the western Niger Republic. Semi-structured survey data were collected from 78 site operators in the Imanan rural municipality (Filingué, Tillabéry). In addition to the survey, a photographic collection illustrated certain observable facts in the field. The survey shows that the wooden enclosures (70.65% of respondents) around the fields are renewed every year. The impacts are then substantial: deforestation of plateaus, clearing of valleys for new extensions, loss of wildlife habitat, changes in the water flow regime resulting from a geomorphological change in the commune. Itou, the preparation of the planks consumes a lot of water. Thus, the new sinking of water points and the load pressure increase the drawdowns of wells and boreholes in the sites (75.46% of respondents). The frequent spills of waste oil on the sites, as well as the numerous potato storage pits, are among the factors and vectors most likely to contaminate the soils and aquifers of the study area. Market gardening destabilizes the soils and induces regressive erosion as well as area runoff of rainwater on all sites and on the slopes. On the other hand, slash-and-burn practices, drying of branches intended for fences, as well as rain-fed cowpea crops, promote improved physical properties and soil fertilization. To reduce the risks of disintegration and especially of silting up of sites, the study suggests a policy of live hedges and wire fences so that common spaces can be imposed on operators.

Exploration of Zhangs' Rockery Gardening: A Case Study of Qi Biaojia's Yu Garden

Zhang Yifan is the son of gardening Master Zhang Nanyuan, and his story can only be found in Qi Biaojia's Diary. Qi recorded his communications with Zhang Yifan and Zhang's transformation over Yu Garden in detail, thus the diary shows high documentation value. Zhang's transformation over Yu Garden was important for others exploring and understanding the contents, style, and construction period of Zhangs' rockery gardening, and also for spreading Zhangs' style in Yuezhong(the present Shaoxing City, and Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, including 8 counties of the former Shaoxing Prefecture). This paper summarized and verified the characteristics, contents and construction period of Zhangs' rockery gardening by analyzing the study case, and elaborated the spreading and development of Zhangs' gardening style in Yuezhong.

Combing and Discussion of Modern Urban Planning Ideas

Since the emergence of utopian socialism and other modern urban planning ideas,as well as the proposing of“garden cities”by Howard,modern urban planning theory has experienced a variety of planning ideas,and these ideas play a great role in guiding urban construction and planning.In this century,cities have ushered in many industrial revolutions,and urban life,economy,and ecology have changed greatly.Planning scholars in various countries are actively looking for“medicine”to save cities in the“sick”.In this paper,modern urban planning ideas were sorted out,and how to learn from the current territorial spatial planning that is being compiled around the country was thought about.

Cultivating the Human Rights Garden

In the practice of advancing the cause of human rights,China has blazed a path of human rights development that is both consistent with the trend of the times and befits the nation’s conditions.WHEN contemplating human rights,the principle of individual freedom often comes to the forefront.The Chinese government’s perception,however,consists in the more organic concept of a metaphorical garden,wherein human rights flourish by virtue of China’s unique soil-its rich history,ancient culture,and political system.China,as a seasoned gardener,thus endeavors,under the leadership of President Xi Jinping,to develop human rights based on its national conditions.

Improving landscape Characteristics in Port Said’s El Sallam Garden via Observational and Space Syntax Analysis

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of El Sallam Garden in Port Said City,concentrating on its landscape characteristics and potential for design enhancement.This study looks at how space syntax can be used to assess the impact of a tree planting design’s spatial configuration on an urban park’s visual fields.Trees play an important role in determining the spatial characteristics of an outdoor space.According to space syntax theory,an urban area is a collection of connected spaces that can be represented by a matrix of quantitative properties known as syntactic measures.Computer simulations can be used to measure the quantitative properties of these matrices.This study uses space syntax techniques to assess how tree configurations and garden area which can affect the social structures of small-scale gardens in Port Said.It also looks at how these techniques can be used to predict the social structures of four garden zones in El Sallam Garden.The study includes an observational and space syntax study through comparative analysis of four garden zones in El Sallam garden.The results of the study show that the area and planting configurations of the garden had a significant effect on the syntactic social and visual measures of the urban garden.The conclusions and recommendations can be a useful tool for landscape architects,urban planners,and legislators who want to enhance public areas and encourage social interaction in urban settings.