Determination of constituents of essential oil from Angelica sinensis by gas chromatographymass spectrometry

Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with chemometric resolution upon two- dimensional data was employed to analyze the constituents of essential oils of Angelica sinensis. Constituents in essential oils of Angelica sinensis root were identified by GC-MS with the help of subwindow factor analysis (SFA) method resolving two-dimensional original data into mass spectra and chromatograms. 76 of 97 separated constituents in essential oil of Angelica sinensis root were identified and quantified, and they account for about 91.36% of the total content. The results show that ligustilide, butylene phthalide, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, carvacrol, allo-ocimene,2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo-[3,1,1]hept-2-ene are the main constituents in essential oil of Angelica sinensis root.

Chemical component analysis of volatile oil in drug pair Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi by GC-MS and CRM

Active volatile components in drug pair(DP)Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi(HE-RC),single drug HE and RC were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),chemometric resolution method(CRM)and overall volume integration.By means of CRM,the two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound.In total,97,62,and 78 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC,were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 90.08%,91.62%,and 89.76% total contents of volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC respectively.It is further demonstrated that the numbers of volatile components of DP HE-RC are almost the sum of those of two single drugs,but some relative contents of them are changed.Some new components,such as 1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene,tetracyclo[4.2.1.1(2,5).0(9,10)]deca-3,7-diene,globulol and(E,E)-6,10,14-trimethyl-5,9,13-pentadecatrien-2-one are found in DP HE-RC because of chemical reactions and physical changes during decoction.

What Can Be Improved in GC-MS—When Multi Benefits Can Be Transformed into a GC-MS Revolution

Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely used central analytical technology. Commercially available GC-MS systems use different types of mass analyzers such as Quadrupole, Ion Trap and/or Time of Flight, but practically all systems utilize the same Nier type electron ionization (EI) ion source and the same standard GC-MS transferline interface. Consequently, the various GC-MS vendors characterize their systems by a short list of specifications that relate to improvements in the technology of GC or of MS and not of the interfacing technology and ion source. This article presents a list of 62 ways in which the performance of GC-MS as a whole can be improved by an innovative interface and ion source. Such an interface can possibly lead to a GC-MS revolution in a way that is similar to that whichis brought to Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) by the Electrospray ionization interface and ion source and not by improvements to the technology of LC or MS. These 62 possible GC-MS improvements (grouped into eight main categories) are not merely theoretical as they are provided by the Cold-EI GC-MS interface, which is based on the ionization of vibrationally cold sample molecules in a Supersonic Molecular Beam (SMB) within a fly-through ion source. An explanation and discussion is provided for each of these possible improvements.

Analysis of 19-nortestosterone residue in animal tissues by ion-trap gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid sample treatment procedure for the gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS） determination of 19-nortestosterone （19-NT） in animal tissues has been developed. In our optimized procedures, enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase from Escherichia coliwas performed in an acetate buffer （pH 5.2, 0.2 mol/L） Next, the homogenate was mixed with methanol and heated at 60℃ for 15 min, then placed in an ice-bath at -18℃ for 2 h. After liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane, the analytes were subjected to a normal-phase solid phase ex- traction （SPE） C18 cartridge for clean-up. The dded organic extracts were derivatized with heptafluorobutydc anhydride （HFBA）, and then the products were injected into GC-MS. Using electron impact mass spectrometry （El-MS） with positive chemical ionization （PCI）, four diagnostic ions （mlz 666, 453, 318, and 306） were determined. A standard calibration curve over the concentration range of 1-20 ng/g was reached, with Y=467084X-68354 （R^2=0.9997） for 19-NT, and the detection limit was 0.3 ng. When applied to spiked samples collected from bovine and ovine, the recoveries ranged from 63% to 101% with relative standard deviation （RSD） between 2.7% and 8.9%. The procedure is a highly efficient, sensitive, and more economical method which offers considerable potential to resolve cases of suspected nandrolone doping in husbandry animals.

Exploring Chemovar-Specific Cannabis Extracts Quantification and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Compounds for Targeting Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most aggressive and metastatic brain tumors, with a dismal success rate of less than three percent after five years, particularly in tumors with active immune checkpoints. This necessitates the development of targeted endogenous agents for precise GBM treatment. Previous experiments utilizing Chemovar Specific Cannabis Extractions (CSCEs), fractionated with polar solvents and quantified using Liquid and Gas Column Chromatography combined with Mass Spectrometry (LC/GCMS), have shown reduced viability and motility in human GBM cell lines. However, the complexity of the botanical substance has hindered the personalization of standard cannabis medicines for GBM due to unknown synergistic effects of multiple compounds. To address this limitation, our study focuses on exposing AM251 cells to chemovar fractions extracted using a non-polar solvent, thereby isolating a broader spectrum of constituents. By employing LC/GCMS in conjunction with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), we have identified and quantified nine* compounds present in the non-polar CSCE that exhibit significant efficacy (0.1 μM) in inducing cytotoxicity* in GBM tumor cells. Conversely, the polar fraction in our experiment did not demonstrate efficacy against UM251 cells. The quantification of individual compounds within a cannabis extraction that selectively induces cell death in brain tumors holds promise for guiding future research and facilitating the development of a standardized CSCE for GBM therapy.

液体培养发状念珠蓝细菌代谢物提取方法的比较分析

比较了基于气相色谱–质谱联用技术(GC-MS)发状念珠蓝细菌代谢物的2种不同提取方法.在对样品进行快速洗涤和淬灭后,分别采用冷甲醇法和甲醇/氯仿法对样品进行提取,并考察了样品量对提取效果的影响.结果显示,从提取到的代谢物种类和丰度角度,冷甲醇法的提取效果要优于甲醇/氯仿法,且采用50,mg样品量的提取效果较佳.通过本方法,在发状念珠蓝细菌中共检测到46种代谢物,包括19种有机酸、1种无机酸、13种氨基酸、4种胺类、4种醇类和5种糖类物质.

气相色谱-负化学源质谱联用法测定水产品及食用油中氟乐灵的残留量

建立了一种可用于水产品及食用油中氟乐灵残留量分析的分散型固相萃取-气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱方法。水产品及食用油经乙腈提取，4℃冷藏后，采用分散型固相萃取法净化，由气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱选择离子监测技术进行测定与确证，同位素内标法定量。在1～40μg / L 范围内氟乐灵农药的线性关系良好；方法定量限（LOQ）为0.02μg / kg；对鳗鱼、烤鳗、梭子蟹、小龙虾、猪油和橄榄油等6种复杂基质进行1.0、2.0和3.0μg / kg 等3个水平的添加回收试验，平均回收率均处于80％～100％之间，RSD≤10.3％；无干扰现象出现。该方法可作为水产品及食用油中氟乐灵残留检测的确证方法。

基于离子液的超声辅助萃取小蓼叶中的精油及真实溶剂似导体屏蔽模型研究

Ionic liquids ( ILs) based ultrasonic-assisted extract has been applied for the extraction of essential oil from Persicaria minor leaves. The effects of temperature,sonication time,and particle size of the plant material on the yield of essential oil were investigated. Among the different ILs employed,1-ethyl-3-methyli midazolium acetate was the most effective,providing a 9. 55% yield of the essential oil under optimum conditions( 70 ℃,25 min,IL ∶hexane ratio of 7 ∶10 ( v /v) ,particle size 60-80 mesh) . The performance of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate in the extraction was attributed to its lowviscosity and ability to disintegrate the structural matrix of the plant material. The ability of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate was also confirmed using the conductor like-screening model for realistic solvents. This research proves that ILs can be used to extract essential oils from lignocellulosic biomass.

Seed metabolomic study reveals significant metabolite variations and correlations among different soybean cultivars

Soybean[Glycine max（L.） Merr.]is one of the world＇s major crops,and soybean seeds are a rich and important resource for proteins and oils.While ＂omics＂ studies,such as genomics,transcriptomics,and proteomics,have been widely applied in soybean molecular research,fewer metabolomic studies have been conducted for largescale detection of low molecular weight metabolites,especially in soybean seeds.In this study,we investigated the seed metabolomes of 29 common soybean cultivars through combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.One hundred sixty-nine named metabolites were identified and subsequently used to construct a metabolic network of mature soybean seed.Among the 169 detected metabolites,104 were found to be significantly variable in their levels across tested cultivars.Metabolite markers that could be used to distinguish genetically related soybean cultivars were also identified,and metabolitemetabolite correlation analysis revealed some significant associations within the same or among different metabolite groups.Findings from this work may potentially provide the basis for further studies on both soybean seed metabolism and metabolic engineering to improve soybean seed quality and yield.