Underwater gas self-transportation along femtosecond laser-written open superhydrophobic surface microchannels(<100μm)for bubble/gas manipulation

Underwater transportation of bubbles and gases has essential applications in manipulating and using gas,but achieving this function at the microscopic level remains a significant challenge.Here,we report a strategy to self-transport gas in water along a laser-induced open superhydrophobic microchannel with a width less than 100μm.The femtosecond laser can directly write superhydrophobic and underwater superaerophilic microgrooves on the polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)surfaces.In water,the single laser-induced microgroove and water medium generate a hollow microchannel.When the microchannel connects two superhydrophobic regions in water,the gas spontaneously travels from the small region to the large area along this hollow microchannel.Gas self-transportation can be extended to laser-drilled microholes through a thin PTFE sheet,which can even achieve anti-buoyancy unidirectional penetration.The gas can overcome the bubble’s buoyance and spontaneously travel downward.The Laplace pressure difference drives the processes of spontaneous gas transportation and unidirectional bubble passage.We believe the property of gas self-transportation in the femtosecond laser-structured open superhydrophobic and underwater superaerophilic microgrooves/microholes has significant potential applications related to manipulating underwater gas.

Study of Transport and Separation of Rare Earth Ions through the Emulsion Liquid Membrane of Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic Acid-Span 80-Toluene

It is indicated from a study of transport of rare earth ions through the emulsion liquid mem- brane of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid-Span 80-toluene that transporting rare earth ions com- pletely and rapidly was realized under the optimum experimental conditions:1.0×10^(-3)～3.0×10^(-3)mol/L bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid and 2%～4%(W/V)Span 80 in toluene solution as membrane phase,0.50～2.0 mol/L HCl as inner phase,rare earth ion solutions with pH 3.5～5.0 as outer phase.Ac- cording to the differences of transport behavior for rare earth ions,it is possible to separate rare earth ions from mixed solutions of rare earth ions by this liquid membrane system.

Assembling ionic liquid into porous molecular filler of mixed matrix membrane to trigger high gas permeability,selectivity,and stability for CO_(2)/CH_(4) separation

As an emerging zero-dimensional nano crystalline porous material,porous organic cages(POCs)with soluble properties in organic solvents,are promising candidates as molecular fillers in mixed matrix membranes(MMMs).The pore structure of POCs should be adjusted to trigger efficient gas separation performance,and the interaction between filler and matrix should be optimized.In this work,ionic liquid(IL)was introduced into the molecular fillers of CC3,to construct the IL@CC3/PIM-1 membrane to effectively separate CO_(2) from CH_(4).The advantages of doping IL include:(1)narrowing the cavity size of POCs from 4.4 to 3.9Åto enhance the diffusion selectivity,(2)strengthening the CO_(2) solubility to heighten the gas permeability,and(3)improving the compatibility between filler and matrix to upgrade membrane stability.After the optimization of the membrane composite,the IL@CC3/PIM-1-10%membrane possesses the CO_(2) permeability of 7868 Barrer and the CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity of 73.4,which compared to the CC3/PIM-1-10%membrane,improved by 15.9%and 106.2%,respectively.Furthermore,the membrane has maintained a stable separation performance at varied temperatures and pressures during the long-term test.The proposed method offers an efficient way to improve the performance of POCs-based MMMs in gas separation.

The combination of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluorborate with TBAB or THF on CO2 hydrate formation and CH4 separation from biogas

[C_8min] BF_4 was used in this work to combine with TBAB or THF for the investigation about thermodynamic and kinetic additives on CO_2 and CH_4/CO_2 hydrates. The results show that [C_8min] BF_4 has the inhibition effect on the equilibrium of hydrate formation. About the kinetic study, [C_8 min] BF_4 could improve the rate of CO_2 hydrate formation and increase the gas uptake in hydrate phase. At the same time, the combination of TBAB and [C8 min] BF_4 could increase the mole friction of CH_4 in residual gas comparing with the data in THF solution. CH_4 separation efficiency was strongly enhanced. Since that the size of CO_2 and CH_4 molecules are similar, CH_4 and CO_2 could form the similar hydrate, so the recovery of CH_4 from biogas decreases lightly. The CH_4 content in biogas can purified from 67 mol% to 77 mol% after one-stage hydrate formation. In addition, the combination of THF and[C_8 min] BF_4 do not have obvious promoting effect on CH_4 separation comparing with the gas separation results in pure THF solution.

Experimental Study of the Distribution of Au and Cu in Aqueous Vapor Phase at High Temperatures and Its Role on Ore-forming Transportation

This study focuses on experiments of Au and Cu dissolved in vapor phase in hydrothermal fluids. Experiments prove that Au and Cu can re-distribute in vapor phase and liquid phase during separation of Au- and Cu-bearing supercritical fluids to vapor and liquid phases. These experimental results can illustrate some ore geneses, where boiling phenomena of ore fluids were found. Au- and Cubearing NaHCO3-HCl solutions were heated up to more than 350℃ in the main vessel, and then passed through a phase separator in a temperature range from 250℃ to 300℃, separated into vapor and liquid phases. We collected and analyzed the liquid and vapor samples separately, and found that Au and Cu dissolved and distributed in vapor phase. In some cases, the concentrations of Au and Cu in vapor are higher than those in liquid phase. Those experiments are used to interpret field observations of fluid inclusion data of some Au and Cu deposits, and demonstrate that some Au and Cu ore deposits are derived from metals transportation in vapor phase.

COMPETITIVE FACILITATED TRANSPORT OF ACID GASES IN MODIFIED CARRIER MEMBRANES

1 INTRODUCTIONMany attempts to develop semipermeable membranes for gas separation have beendone over the past twenty years [1,2].However,it is still difficult to prepare apolymer film which makes certain gas separation processed within range of being econ-omically and technically feasible,since most polymeric materials are relativelyimpermeable to gases.Facilitated transport concept which was first proposed

Preparation and Gas Permeation of Supported γ-Al_2O_3 Membranes Used as Substrate Layer for Microporous Membranes

γ-Al2O3 membranes were successfidly deposited on the top of porous α-Al2O3 support by sol-gel process and characterized by means of XRD , SEM, N2 adsorption and gas permeation. The γ-Al2O3 membranes, free of pin-holes and cracks, adhere tightly to the supports and have a thlekness of about 7μm. When sintered at 400 ℃ , γ-Al2O3 membranes have a rutrrow pore size distribution, with a pore diameter of 3.6nm, and the transport of both H2 and CO2 in supported γ-Al2O3 membrane is governed by Knudsen mechanism, with H2 permeance of 3.3× 10^-6 molm^-2Pa^-1s^-1 and H2/ CO2 permselectivity close to the ideal Knudsen value at 50 ℃ . The γ-Al2O3 membranes are suitable for being used as the substrates of microparoas membranes .

Facilitated transport separation of CO_(2) and H_(2)S by supported liquid membrane based on task-specific protic ionic liquids

Selective separation of CO_(2) and H_(2)S from CH_(4) is of importance to the natural gas upgrading because of its cor-rosivity. As is well known, amine group can recognize reversibly CO_(2) and H_(2)S with a moderate interaction. Withthis in mind, this work prepared a series of amine-functionalized supported-protic-ionic-liquid membranes(SPILMs) for the selective separation of CO_(2) and H_(2)S from CH_(4) . For comparison, aprotic ionic liquid membranewas also prepared for natural gas sweetening. The effect of temperature and transmembrane pressure differenceon the permeability of single gas and ideal selectivity of CO_(2)/CH_(4) and H_(2)S/CO_(2) were studied. Facilitated transportmechanism was studied by NMR spectra. The permeability of CO_(2) in primary amine functionalized [DMPDAH][Tf_(2)N]-based membrane decreases with the increasing transmembrane pressure, indicating a typical feature offacilitated transport membrane. The permeability of CO_(2) and the ideal selective of CO_(2)/CH_(4) are as high as 2000 barrers and 53.2 at 313.2 K in [DMPDAH][Tf_(2)N] membrane, significantly higher than those in conventional ILsmembrane. It is anticipated that these amine-functionalized SPILMs can provide alternative insight for the se-lective separation of CO_(2) and H_(2)S from CH_(4) .

乳状液膜法迁移及分离铬(Ⅵ)的研究

本文采用以叔胺N7301为流动载体、兰113A为表面活性剂、煤油为膜溶剂、NaOH作内相试剂的乳状液膜体系迁移分离铬(Ⅵ).研究了其迁移机理,确定了适宜制乳、迁移分离及破乳等有关条件,实验表明,不同浓度的含铬(Ⅵ)水样经液膜处理后,其含铬(Ⅵ)量均降至0.5μg·ml^(-1)以下,低于国家排放标准.

用双硫腙作为流动载体的乳状液膜迁移Pb^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Cu^(2+)的研究

乳状液膜分离技术已经在许多领域中应用,在液膜中加入流动载体,可促进物质的迁移.本文从萃取剂中筛选出来双硫腙,可作为铅、铜离子迁移的优良流动载体.用双硫腙-Span 80-甲苯的乳状液膜体系,在20～30min试验中,铅、铜的迁移率均接近100％,而在同样条件下,锌不迁移,因此,用该乳状液体系可分离铅、铜和锌.

乳状液膜法迁移及分离钯(Ⅱ)的研究

本文采用以叔胺Ｎ７３０１为流动载体、ｓｐａｎ８０为表面活性剂、煤油为膜溶剂、ＥＤＴＡ作内相试剂的乳状液膜体系迁移分离钯（Ⅱ）。确证了其迁移机理。实验表明在所筛选出的适宜制乳及迁移分离等最佳条件下，９６％以上的Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）迁入内相，并能有效地与Ｃｕ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋、Ｐｂ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｆｅ２＋等离子分离。

以三正辛胺为流动载体的乳状液膜迁移和分离Mo(Ⅵ)的研究

用三正辛胺-SPAN 80-二甲苯乳状液膜体系迁移Mo(Ⅵ)的研究表明,在合适的制乳和迁移条件下,Mo(Ⅵ)可以快速、完全地迁入内相,并能与Fe^(2+)、Cu^(2+)、Co^(2+)、Ni^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Mn^(2+)等常见离子分离。

PC-88A-煤油-HCl分散支撑液膜中Co(Ⅱ)的传输研究

以聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF)为支撑体,煤油为膜溶剂,2-乙基己基膦酸-单-2-乙基己基酯(PC-88A)为流动载体,研究了分散支撑液膜体系中金属Co(Ⅱ)的传输行为;考察了料液相pH、分散相中液膜相(0.081mol/L PC-88A/煤油)与解析相(HCl溶液)体积比、解析相中HCl浓度、Co(Ⅱ)初始浓度对Co(Ⅱ)传输的影响。结果表明,用HCl作解析剂,料液相pH=6.0、液膜相与解析相体积比为160∶40、解析相中HCl浓度为4.0mol/L时,该分散支撑液膜体系对金属Co(Ⅱ)具有最佳传输。在最佳传输条件下,起始浓度为3.0×10-4mol/L时,190min,Co(Ⅱ)传输率可达到94.4%,而传统支撑液膜只能达到62.6%。从界面化学和扩散传质角度提出了金属离子的传输动力学方程,采用直线斜率法对Co(II)在分散支撑液膜体系中的扩散层厚度(δa=1.67×10-4m)和扩散系数(d0=8.99×10-11m2/s)进行了测定,取得满意结果。

大环分子载体液膜传输——一种新型的分离技术

大环主体分子能选择地与客体分子如金属离子、中性分子结合,这一特性使其可作为液膜分离的高选择性载体.评述了大环超分子载体的液膜传输的数学模型以及在金属阳离子、中性分子、氨基酸的传输,协同传输中的应用.

有机混合物渗透汽化膜分离及过程开发研究进展

在分析渗透汽化膜分离有机混合物体系类型的基础上，提出了重点分离的有机混合物体系，介绍了固我功能基团膜的研究现状以及它们的传递机理，并简要地讨论了渗透汽化与其他技术相结合的集成过程开发．

以三正辛胺-SPAN 80-二甲苯乳状液膜迁移、分离Cd(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了用三正辛胺-SPAN 80-二甲苯乳状液膜体系迁移Cd(Ⅱ)的行为,确定了完全、快速迁移 Cd(Ⅱ)的制乳及迁移条件。在此条件下,Cd(Ⅱ)与常见共生离子Zn^(2+)、Co(2+)、Ni^(2+)、Fe^(2+)、Mn^(2+)等可完全分离。本方法可用于分离及分析工作。

促进传递型支撑液膜分离有机溶剂的研究进展

促进传递型支撑液膜 (FTSLM )具有高通量和高选择性的特点 ,对分离废液、废气中的少量污染性有机物有独特的优势。概述了FTSLM的特点和促进传递的基本原理 ,介绍了FTSLM在有机物分离领域中的应用 ,讨论了制约FTSLM工业化应用的瓶颈问题和解决途径 ,展望FTSLM的发展和未来的研究趋势。指出FTSLM和其它膜过程结合 ,如渗透汽化或蒸汽渗透等 。

以三正辛胺-失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯-二甲苯乳状液膜迁移分离汞(Ⅱ)的研究

用三正辛胺-失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯-二甲苯乳状液膜体系研究了汞(Ⅱ)的迁移行为,确定了完全且快速迁移汞(Ⅱ)的制乳和迁移条件。汞(Ⅱ)可与常见离子Zn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Co^(2+)、Ni^(2+)、Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Mn^(2+)等得到满意的分离。

锡在高温气相里的迁移实验与南岭大厂矿区100号矿体形成机制

我国著名大型锡矿大厂矿区的100号矿体是一个不规则的大脉状矿体，由质密锡铅锌矿石组成。该大脉矿体长度约1200多米。大厂矿区矿床形成过程有两个主要矿化阶段：早期锡石硫化物阶段和晚期的硫盐锡石多金属矿化阶段。矿物流体包体数据表明：早期形成于300～400℃（450℃）条件下，有高盐度流体包体与低盐度流体包体共存，流体处于从超临界流体进入近临界的气液两相不混溶区过渡阶段，有流体沸腾现象；晚期流体盐度变化小处于降温过程。而100号矿体形成于300～360℃，压力较低，仅为8．24MPa。本次研究设计一含锡溶液从超临界态进入亚临界态的气液不混溶区的实验，研究金属在气-液间再分配过程。实验模拟一个非平衡的气液分离反应动力学过程。重点研究含Sn-NaHCO3-HCl-H2 O在近临界压（25～22MPa）和8～14MPa、380～300℃条件下，在亚临界态气-液两相不混溶区时相分离过程。气液分离实验是恒压降温过程。结果表明：近临界区NaHCO3-HCl-H2 O的NaCl-H2 O体系出现气-液（L-V）分离现象。降温远离临界点时，在 V 与 L 相里的 Na、Cl浓度比：Na（V/L）、Cl（V/L）比值多数远小于1，Na、Cl主要分布在液相里。实验表明出现含Sn溶液的V-L两相分离过程，并且，Sn已在L-V 间再分配，Sn（V/L）多数大于1。说明Sn 多数情况下分布于气相里（贫NaCl 富 H2 O-CO2）。在380～250℃范围内 NaCl-H2 O-CO2体系包含的 H2 O-CO2体系也出现 V-L 两相不混溶区。实验发现H2 O-CO2的L-V分离过程中，气相里 HCO-3和CO2-3分布很少，CO2多。同时，锡在 H2 O-CO2的L-V 间也存在再分配，锡分布在富CO2气体里。实验说明富CO2气体迁移锡。实验为地质解释提供依据，说明100号矿体形成于快速减压的大型裂隙条件下。在300～360℃下压力减低，使含金属流体迅速进入L-V两相不混溶区，气体快速迁移金属，快速沉积金属矿石。

以三异辛胺为载体的乳状液膜迁移、分离汞(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了用Ｓｐａｎ８０—三异辛胺—二甲苯乳状液膜体系迁移汞（Ⅱ）的行为及机理，确定了合适的迁移条件，并能使汞（Ⅱ）与常见离子得到分离．