Stem sap flow of Haloxylon ammodendron at different ages and its response to physical factors in the Minqin oasis-desert transition zone, China

Haloxylon ammodendron, with its tolerance of drought, high temperature, and salt alkali conditions, is one of the main sand-fixing plant species in the oasis-desert transition zone in China. This study used the TDP30(where TDP is the thermal dissipation probe) to measure hourly and daily variations in the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron at three age-classes(10, 15, and 20 years old,which were denoted as H10, H15, and H20, respectively) in the Minqin oasis-desert transition zone,China, from May through October 2020. By simultaneously monitoring temperature, relative humidity,photosynthetically active radiation, wind speed, net radiation, rainfall, and soil moisture in this region, we comprehensively investigated the stem sap flow velocity of different-aged H. ammodendron plants(H10,H15, and H20) and revealed its response to physical factors. The results showed that, on sunny days, the hourly variation curves of the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron plants at the three age-classes were mainly unimodal. In addition, the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron plants decreased significantly from September to October, which also delayed its peak time of hourly variation. On rainy days, the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron plants was multimodal and significantly lower than that on sunny days.Average daily water consumption of H. ammodendron plants at H10, H15, and H20 was 1.98, 2.82, and 1.91kg/d, respectively. Temperature was the key factor affecting the stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron at all age-classes. Net radiation was the critical factor influencing the stem sap flow velocity of H.ammodendron at H10 and H15;however, for that at H20, it was vapor pressure deficit. The stem sap flow velocity of H. ammodendron was highly significantly correlated with soil moisture at the soil depths of 50and 100 cm, and the correlation was strengthened with increasing stand age. Altogether, our results revealed the dynamic changes of the stem sap flow velocity in different-aged H. ammodendron forest stands and its response mechanism to local physical factors, which provided a theoretical basis for the construction of new protective forests as well as the restoration and protection of existing ones in this region and other similar arid regions in the world.

North slope transition zone of Songnan-Baodao sag in Qiongdongnan Basin and its control on medium and large gas fields,South China Sea

Based on analysis of newly collected 3D seismic and drilled well data,the geological structure and fault system of Baodao sag have been systematically examined to figure out characteristics of the transition fault terrace belt and its control on the formation of natural gas reservoirs.The research results show that the Baodao sag has the northern fault terrace belt,central depression belt and southern slope belt developed,among them,the northern fault terrace belt consists of multiple transition fault terrace belts such as Baodao B,A and C from west to east which control the source rocks,traps,reservoirs,oil and gas migration and hydrocarbon enrichment in the Baodao sag.The activity of the main fault of the transition belt in the sedimentary period of Yacheng Formation in the Early Oligocene controlled the hydrocarbon generation kitchen and hydrocarbon generation potential.From west to east,getting closer to the provenance,the transition belt increased in activity strength,thickness of source rock and scale of delta,and had multiple hydrocarbon generation depressions developed.The main fault had local compression under the background of tension and torsion,giving rise to composite traps under the background of large nose structure,and the Baodao A and Baodao C traps to the east are larger than Baodao B trap.Multiple fault terraces controlled the material source input from the uplift area to form large delta sand bodies,and the synthetic transition belt of the west and middle sections and the gentle slope of the east section of the F12 fault in the Baodao A transition belt controlled the input of two major material sources,giving rise to a number of delta lobes in the west and east branches.The large structural ridge formed under the control of the main fault close to the hydrocarbon generation center allows efficient migration and accumulation of oil and gas.The combination mode and active time of the main faults matched well with the natural gas charging period,resulting in the hydrocarbon gas enrichment.Baodao A transition belt is adjacent to Baodao 27,25 and 21 lows,where large braided river delta deposits supplied by Shenhu uplift provenance develop,and it is characterized by large structural ridges allowing high efficient hydrocarbon accumulation,parallel combination of main faults and early cessation of faulting activity,so it is a favorable area for hydrocarbon gas accumulation.Thick high-quality gas reservoirs have been revealed through drilling,leading to the discovery of the first large-scale gas field in Baodo 21-1 of Baodao sag.This discovery also confirms that the north transition zone of Songnan-Baodao sag has good reservoir forming conditions,and the transition fault terrace belt has great exploration potential eastward.

Evapotranspiration of an oasis-desert transition zone in the middle stream of Heihe River, Northwest China

As a main component in water balance, evapotranspiration is of great importance for water saving and irrigation-measure making, especially in arid or semiarid regions. Although studies of evapotranspiration have been conducted for a long time, studies concentrated on oasis-desert transition zone are very limited. On the basis of the meteorological data and other parameters（e.g. leaf area index（LAI）） of an oasis-desert transition zone in the middle stream of Heihe River from 2005 to 2011, this paper calculated both reference（ET0） and actual evapotranspiration（ETc） using FAO56 Penman-Monteith and Penman-Monteith models, respectively. In combination with pan evaporation（Ep） measured by E601 pan evaporator, four aspects were analyzed：（1） ET0 was firstly verified by Ep;（2） Characteristics of ET0 and ETc were compared, while the influencing factors were also analyzed;（3） Since meteorological data are often unavailable for estimating ET0 through FAO56 Penman-Monteith model in this region, pan evaporation coefficient（Kp） is very important when using observed Ep to predict ET0. Under this circumstance, an empirical formula of Kp was put forward for this region;（4） Crop coefficient（Kc）, an important index to reflect evapotranspiration, was also analyzed. Results show that mean annual values of ET0 and ETc were 840 and 221 mm, respectively. On the daily bases, ET0 and ETc were 2.3 and 0.6 mm/d, respectively. The annual tendency of ET0 and ETc was very similar, but their amplitude was obviously different. The differences among ET0 and ETc were mainly attributed to the different meteorological variables and leaf area index. The calculated Kc was about 0.25 and showed little variation during the growing season, indicating that available water（e.g. precipitation and irrigation） of about 221 mm/a was required to keep the water balance in this region. The results provide an comprehensive analysis of evapotranspiration for an oasis-desert transition zone in the middle stream of Heihe River, which was seldom reported before.

Numerical Experiments for the influence of the Transition Zone Migration on Summer Climate in North China

As the position of the transition zone changes obviously, that is, as the transition zone migrates to the north or the south from present position, it affects water or heat balance between the land and the atmosphere in a considerable degree and has a profound influence on climate in North China. The experiment results in this paper indicate whether in the dry case or in the wet case of the large-scale climatological background field, the surface air temperature in a wide range of the transition zone migration and its surrounding decreases as the transition zone migrates northward. Moreover, the net upward fluxes of the surface long wave radiation and the sensible heat decrease, and the evaporation to the atmosphere increases. As the transition zone migrates southward, the results are opposite. This kind of significant thermal forcing between the land and the atmosphere can excite secondary circulation or circulation cells, which interact with the large-scale circulation systems, changing the atmospheric motion, affecting the water vapor transportation and consequently having an effect on the precipitation.

Sulfate-Methane Transition Depths and Its Implication for Gas Hydrate

The biological removal of CH4 by methanotrophic(CH4-oxidizing)archaea always occurs at a distinct zone which is known as sulfate-methane transition zone(SMTZ).It is an important indication for high methane flux and gas hydrate occurrence.In this study,we collected pore-water data from South China Sea,Carolina Rise and Blake Ridge to analyze the relationship between CH4,SO42−concentration and depth.We found that below the SMTZ,the methane concentration increases continuously with depth and sulfate concentration decrease linearly to zero.In addition,the geochemical data taken from all these sites show that SMTZ is relatively shallow(less than 20 m),which may indicate that these areas have high methane flux.

The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of CO_(2)to CO over transition metal nitrides

Three transition metal-like facet centered cubic structured transition metal nitrides,γ-Mo_(2)N,β-W_(2)N andδ-NbN,are synthesized and applied in the reaction of CO_(2)hydrogenation to CO.Among the three nitride catalysts,theγ-Mo_(2)N exhibits superior activity to target product CO,which is 4.6 and 76 times higher than the other two counterparts ofβ-W_(2)N andδ-NbN at 600℃,respectively.Additionally,γ-Mo_(2)N exhibits excellent stability on both cyclic heating-cooling and high space velocity steady state operation.The deactivation degree of cyclic heating-cooling evaluation after 5 cycles and long-term stability performance at 773 and 873 K in 50 h are all less than 10%.In-situ XRD and kinetic studies suggest that theγ-Mo_(2)N itself is able to activate both of the reactants CO_(2)and H_(2).Below 400℃,the reaction mainly occurs at the surface ofγ-Mo_(2)N catalyst.CO_(2)and H_(2)competitively adsorbe on the surface of catalyst and CO_(2)is the relatively stronger surface adsorbate.At a higher temperature,the interstitial vacancies of theγ-Mo_(2)N can be reversibly filled with the oxygen from CO_(2)dissociation.Both of the surface and bulk phase sites ofγ-Mo_(2)N participate in the high temperature CO_(2)hydrogenation pathway.

NATURAL GAS OF NEW GENETIC TYPE——BIO-, THERMO-CATALYTIC TRANSITIONAL ZONE GAS

Bio-, thermo-catalytic transitional zone gas (BTCTZ gas), of which burial depth is shallow (1000-2500m), chemical composition (C,/ΣC1-5 = 0.7-0.9) and isotopic composition (δ13C1= -55 to-48‰) coincide with the evolution level of organic matter (R0=0.25-0.6%) in the corresponding strata, is a natural gas of new genetic type. The genesis of BTCTZ gas must have some relation to microcatalysis under lower temperature and condensation of aromatic hydrocarbons. In line with the new theory of natural gas formation, the existence of BTCTZ gas is objective. According to data from all over the world, BTCTZ gas may hold an important position in the table of reserves of natural gas.

Catalysis of aluminosilicate clay minerals to the formation of the transitional zone gas

It has been shown that the major clay minerals of the biothermocatalytic transitional zone source rock are montmorillonite, illite/montmorillonite (I/M) interlayer mineral, illite, kaolinite and chlorite. Within the depth of the transitional zone, montmorillonite could convert to the I/M ordered interlayer mineral via the I/M disordered one, i.e. in the intercrystalline layer of montmorillonite, Al3+ replaces Si4+ abundantly, resulting in a surface charge imbalance and the occurrence of a surface acidity. By means of the pyridine analytic method, the surface acidity of these aluminosilicate clay minerals is measured. The catalysis of aluminosilicate clay minerals, such as montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite to the thermo-degraded gas formation of the transitional zone is simulated in the differential thermal analysis-gas chromatography system and the alcohol dehydration catalyzed by clay minerals is employed to discuss this catalytic mechanism. Experiments have shown that montmorillonite is the

The primary controlling parameters of porosity, permeability,and seepage capability of tight gas reservoirs:a case study on Upper Paleozoic Formation in the eastern Ordos Basin,Northern China

Tight sandstone gas(hereafter"tight gas")has become a subject of unconventional gas exploration globally.The large-scale development and use of tight gas resources in the USA,in particular,facilitated the rapid rebound of natural gas production in the USA,in addition to driving the rapid development of tight gas worldwide.In the eastern Ordos Basin,the Upper Paleozoic feature includes multiple layers of gas,a shallow depth,and notable potential for exploration and development.However,the reservoirs in the area are relatively tight,exhibit strong heterogeneity,and possess a complex micropore structure,thus restricting the eff ective economic development of oil and gas.Thus,research on the primary parameters controlling pore throat structure and the seepage capability of low-permeability reservoirs will be beneficial for the effcient exploration and development of natural gas in the eastern Ordos Basin.The parameters of reservoir porosity and percolation ability,as well as permeability,were analyzed using systematic sampling of the of the Upper Paleozoic Benxi,Taiyuan,and Shanxi Formations in the eastern Ordos Basin,constant-rate mercury injection experiments,nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,and gas–water-phase experimental studies.The results indicate that reservoir porosity is controlled by the effective pore volume and number,whereas permeability is controlled by the largest throat radius,rather than the average.The effective pore volume controls the movable fluid saturation,while reservoir percolation capability is controlled by the effective pore volume,irreducible water saturation,and size of the gas–water two-phase seepage zone.

Impacts of Recent Climate Change on Dry-Land Crop Water Consumption in the Northern Agro-Pastoral Transitional Zone of China

Climate change has substantially impacted crop growth and development in the northern agro-pastoral transitional zone. Examination of the response of crop water consumption to climate change may provide a guide for adapting local agricultural production and ecological construction to new realities. The water consumption of three local crops （wheat, naked oats, and potatoes） is examined for Wuchuan County in the northern agro-pastoral transitional zone of China using meteorological data from 1960 to 2007 and soil moisture data from 1983 to 2007. The relationships between climate change and the crop water consumption are discussed. The results show that Wuchuan experienced both a warming trend and a reduction of precipitation between 1960 and 2007. The annual mean surface air temperature increased at a rate of 0.04℃ yr-1 and the annual precipitation decreased at a rate of 0.7 mm yr-1 . Both trends are particularly pronounced between 1983 and 2007, with an increase in annual mean temperature of 0.09℃ yr-1 and a decrease in annual mean precipitation of 2.1 mm yr-1 . Crop water consumption decreased between 1983 and 2007 for wheat （1.65 mm yr-1 ）, naked oats （2.04 mm yr-1 ）, and potatoes （3.85 mm yr-1 ）. Potatoes and naked oats consume more water than wheat. Climate change has significantly impacted crop water consumption. Water consumption and rainfall during the growing season are positively correlated, while water consumption and active accumulated temperature are negatively correlated. Compared to precipitation, accumulated temperature has little impact on crop water consumption. Recent climate change has been detrimental for crop production in Wuchuan County. Adaptation to climate change should include efforts to breed drought-resistant crops and to develop drought-resistant cultivation techniques.

New understandings on gas accumulation and major exploration breakthroughs in subsalt Ma 4 Member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation,Ordos Basin,NW China

Geological conditions and main controlling factors of gas accumulation in subsalt Ma 4 Member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation are examined based on large amounts of drilling,logging and seismic data.The new understandings on the control of paleo-uplift over facies,reservoirs and accumulations are reached:(1)During the sedimentary period of Majiagou Formation,the central paleo-uplift divided the North China Sea in central-eastern of the basin from the Qinqi Sea at southwest margin of the basin,and controlled the deposition of the thick hummocky grain beach facies dolomite on platform margin of Ma 4 Member.Under the influence of the evolution of the central paleo-uplift,the frame of two uplifts alternate with two sags was formed in the central-eastern part of the basin,dolomite of inner-platform beach facies developed in the underwater low-uplift zones,and marl developed in the low-lying areas between uplifts.(2)From the central paleo-uplift to the east margin of the basin,the dolomite in the Ma 4 Member gradually becomes thinner and turns into limestone.The lateral sealing of the limestone sedimentary facies transition zone gives rise to a large dolomite lithological trap.(3)During the late Caledonian,the basin was uplifted as a whole,and the central paleo-uplift was exposed and denuded to various degrees;high-quality Upper Paleozoic Carboniferous-Permian coal measures source rocks deposited on the paleo-uplift in an area of 60000 km^(2),providing large-scale hydrocarbon for the dolomite lithological traps in the underlying Ma 4 Member.(4)During the Indosinian-Yanshanian stage,the basin tilted westwards,and central paleo-uplift depressed into an efficient hydrocarbon supply window.The gas from the Upper Paleozoic source rock migrated through the high porosity and permeability dolomite in the central paleo-uplift to and accumulated in the updip high part;meanwhile,the subsalt marine source rock supplied gas through the Caledonian faults and micro-fractures as a significant supplementary.Under the guidance of the above new understandings,two favorable exploration areas in the Ma 4 Member in the central-eastern basin were sorted out.Two risk exploration wells were deployed,both revealed thick gas-bearing layer in Ma 4 Member,and one of them tapped high production gas flow.The study has brought a historic breakthrough in the gas exploration of subsalt Ma 4 Member of Ordovician,and opened up a new frontier of gas exploration in the Ordos Basin.

Decomposition of Phragmites australis rhizomes in artificial land-water transitional zones （ALWTZs） and management implications

Rhizomes are essential organs for growth and expansion of Phragmites australis. They function as an important source of organic matter and as a nutrient source, especially in the artificial land-water transitional zones （ALWTZs） of shallow lakes. In this study, decomposition experiments on 1- to 6-year-old R australis rhizomes were conducted in the ALWTZ of Lake Baiyangdian to evaluate the contribution of the rhizomes to organic matter accumulation and nutrient release. Mass loss and changes in nutrient content were measured after 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days. The decomposition process was modeled with a composite exponential model. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between mass loss and litter quality factors. A multiple stepwise regression model was utilized to determine the dominant factors that affect mass loss. Results showed that the decomposition rates in water were significantly higher than those in soil for 1- to 6-year-old rhizomes. However, the sequence of decomposition rates was identical in both water and soil. Significant relationships between mass loss and litter quality factors were observed at a later stage, and P-related factors proved to have a more significant impact than N-related factors on mass loss. According to multiple stepwise models, the C/P ratio was found to be the dominant factor affecting the mass loss in water, and the C/N and C/P ratios were the main factors affecting the mass loss in soil. The combined effects of harvesting, ditch broadening, and control of water depth should be considered for lake administrators.

Seawater Intrusion in the Longkou-Laizhou Area, Shandong

The extensive intrusion （covering an area of 83.7-238.3 km;and accounting for 18.6-31.5% of the total area of the plain）, the presence of a transitional zone 1.5-6.0 km in width, and the interconnection in distribution between the seawater intrusion district and the region lower than the sea level caused by the strong drop of the groundwater level are major characteristics of the seawater intrusion in the study area. Cation exchange played an important role during the formation of chemical composition of the groundwater in the seawater intrusion district.

低吸水率陶瓷再生砂对砂浆力学和干燥收缩性能的影响及机理研究

为了解决废弃陶瓷再生利用和河砂短缺的问题,开展了低吸水率陶瓷再生砂(由废弃低吸水率瓷质陶瓷墙地砖制备而成,简称陶瓷砂)的性能及其等体积全取代河砂对砂浆力学和干燥收缩性能的影响研究。结果表明:陶瓷砂的吸水率、表观密度和压碎指标均较低,是一种轻质高强的细骨料;在水胶比、胶凝材料组成和砂浆工作性能相同的情况下,与河砂砂浆相比,水胶比为0.45、0.35和0.25的三种陶瓷砂砂浆的力学性能均明显提高,其中28 d抗压强度分别提高了39.1%、26.8%和24.6%,且28 d干燥收缩值分别降低了45.7%、17.9%和5.3%;水胶比越大,陶瓷砂砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度和弹性模量提高幅度越大,干燥收缩值降低幅度越大。性能改善的机理是陶瓷砂自身强度高,陶瓷砂表面粗糙并含有1~20μm的微孔,且含有大量1~5μm的微粉,以其取代河砂后改善了砂浆中界面过渡区和水泥石的微观结构。

花山流域河水同位素年内变化及采样方案优化

小流域河水同位素特征和采样方案研究对深入理解流域降水径流关系和构建同位素水文站网具有重要意义。针对江淮过渡带代表流域花山流域总控断面及其邻近嵌套子流域出口断面,开展了1个完整水文年的高频率采样,分析河水氢氧同位素年内变化特征,为制定小流域河水采样方案提供依据。结果表明:①花山流域两断面河水氢氧同位素的变化一致,但流域总控断面河水氢氧同位素要高于支流出口断面。②河水的氢氧同位素在年内从汛期开始呈现4个阶段的变化,即夏季波动下降期、秋季上升期、冬季平稳期和春季上升期。③河水同位素对暴雨过程有3种响应类型:暴雨中期陡降型、暴雨中期缓降型和暴雨后期缓降型。④推荐的河水常规采样方案为:夏季2 d采集1次,其他季节每15 d采集1次;推荐的降雨期间河水采样方案为:对夏、秋、春季出现中大雨以上的降雨,从降雨开始到降雨结束后的每隔4 h采集1次断面水样。研究成果可为中小流域站网河水同位素监测采样提供借鉴。

双轴受压下水灰比对水泥砂浆氯离子扩散的影响规律

氯离子严重影响混凝土结构的耐久性,为研究水灰比对水泥砂浆氯离子扩散规律的影响,首先对水泥砂浆试块施加指定荷载,并采用快速氯离子迁移系数法(RCM法)测定水泥砂浆氯离子扩散系数,然后通过数字图像处理技术(DIC)、压汞法(MIP)和纳米压痕测定试块的应变云图、孔隙结构特征和界面过渡区力学性能,揭示氯离子扩散机理,最后建立氯离子扩散系数预测模型,并对其进行试验验证。结果表明:在受压应力水平增加时,水泥砂浆氯离子扩散系数先降低后提高,单轴加载的临界应力约为极限荷载的25%,双轴加载的临界应力约为极限荷载的50%;水泥砂浆中的孔隙率随着水灰比的增加而变大,水灰比越大,浆骨之间的界面过渡区厚度越大,硬度和弹性模量越小,对压荷载越敏感,成为水泥砂浆最薄弱的区域;荷载作用前后,无害孔和少害孔的孔隙率变化不大,随着荷载的增大,有害孔的孔隙率有降低趋势,而多害孔的孔隙率有所提升,使得水泥砂浆氯离子扩散系数变大。

荒漠—绿洲过渡带典型混交灌木根区土壤含水率变化特征

土壤水分是干旱区植被生长的限制因子,研究荒漠—绿洲过渡带植被根区土壤水分时空变化对抵御沙漠化进程具有重要意义。以荒漠-绿洲过渡带3种典型混交灌木梭梭×泡泡刺(SS×PP)、泡泡刺×沙拐枣(PP×SG)、沙拐枣×梭梭(SG×SS)为研究对象,对3种典型混交灌木根区0~100 cm土层土壤进行连续采样并测定土壤含水率。结果表明:1)7-9月,3种混交灌木根区0~100 cm土层土壤含水率的变化范围依次为:梭梭×泡泡刺0.54%~2.75%、1.06%~2.41%、0.73%~4.72%;沙拐枣×梭梭0.42%~2.59%、0.96%~2.35%、0.57%~3.58%;泡泡刺×沙拐枣0.31%~2.38%、0.56%~2.33%、0.79%~3.71%。3种混交灌木在0~60 cm土层土壤含水率随深度增加而增大,60~100 cm土层各类型混交灌木土壤含水率变化逐渐趋于稳定。2)7月,0~100 cm土层混交灌木梭梭×泡泡刺的土壤含水率显著高于沙拐枣×泡泡刺,9月,20~40、60~100 cm土层混交灌木沙拐枣×梭梭的土壤含水率显著低于其他2种混交灌木类型。3)3种混交灌木土壤持水能力大小为梭梭×泡泡刺>泡泡刺×沙拐枣>沙拐枣×梭梭。研究结果为荒漠—绿洲过渡带防风固沙植被建设中植物种类的选择提供科学依据。

2017-2018年河南宝天曼天然栎林碳水通量观测数据集

基于微气象学理论的涡度相关通量观测技术,直接测定了亚热带暖温带过渡区天然栎林生态系统尺度的生产力、能量分配和水分利用等功能和过程,为研究森林生态系统碳水循环过程机理提供了重要的数据基础。本研究选取位于河南宝天曼森林生态站的天然栎林作为研究对象,使用涡度相关系统和环境梯度系统进行长期定位观测,并对2017年1月至2018年12月的监测数据进行了整理、质量控制和分析。本数据集包括空气温湿度、土壤温湿度、风速、风向、光合有效辐射、向上/向下的短波辐射、向上/向下的长波辐射、净辐射、显热通量、潜热通量和碳通量等观测指标,形成了半小时、日尺度、月尺度和年尺度的数据产品,以期为研究亚热带-暖温带过渡区典型森林生态系统对气候变化的响应和适应及其机制提供数据基础。

Quality Improvement of Recycled Concrete Aggregate by Accelerated Carbonation under Different Pressure

Due to the presence of old mortar (OM) and interfacial transition zone (ITZ),recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is inferior to natural aggregate (NA).The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of accelerated carbonation on the macro-properties and micro-properties of RCA under different pressure(0.05,0.15,0.30 MPa).The macro-property tests included colour change,apparent density,water absorption,and crushing value of RCA.The micro-property tests included scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD),thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC),and Vickers micro-hardness(VMH).The results showed that the change trends of apparent density,water absorption,and crushing value of RCA displayed exponential relationships as pressure increasing,with the optimum pressure of 0.30 MPa.SEM images indicated that the calcite caused by the hydration products in RCA and the Ca(OH)_(2) derived from saturated lime water improved the properties of RCA;as the apparent density increased,the water absorption and crushing value decreased.The results of XRD and TG-DSC indicated that,as the pressure increased,the masses of Ca(OH)_(2) in carbonated RCA gradually decreased,while those of CaCO_(3) gradually increased,which demonstrated that the carbonation degree gradually increased.Besides,ITZ-2 was the weakest phase in RCA,but its improvement degree of VMH by accelerated carbonation was higher than that of OM.However,RCA was not completely carbonated,but only carbonated in a certain depth after 24 h accelerated carbonation.

Paleo-temperature Evolution and Water Soluble Gas in Sinian Reservoir, Anpingdian-Gaoshiti Structural Zone, Central Sichuan Basin

The paleo-temperature evolution of Sinian reservoir of Anping （安平） 1 well was rebuilt by taking the method of apatite fission track and Easy%Ro model. The result of apatite fission track determines the accurate burial history and overcomes the flaw that the vitrinite reflectance is taken as paleo-temperature indicator simply. The authors used the laser Raman technique to analyze the methane present in the calcite and quartz fluid inclusions of Sinian reservoir, finding that the methane is water soluble gas. The authors also simulated the paleo-pressure of fluid inclusion by using PVTsim software and finally worked out the methane solubility in water.