E-T or log p-1/T diagrams showing the influence of temperature and pressure in a gaseous phase were presented in par tⅠof the overview.I n partⅡ,the relationship between E-T and Kellogg diagrams or between E-T and E...E-T or log p-1/T diagrams showing the influence of temperature and pressure in a gaseous phase were presented in par tⅠof the overview.I n partⅡ,the relationship between E-T and Kellogg diagrams or between E-T and E-pH diagrams is discussed.E-T diagrams cover larger field of application than the other two.The practical use of E-T or log p-1/T diagrams is also investigated,which includes:the calculation of polycomponent equilibria in a gaseous phase,the prediction of cor rosion products,the interpretation of catalytic mechanism,the exploration for the possibility of producing aluminum with carbothermic method,etc.The limitation of this kind of diagrams is also discussed.展开更多
T or logp1/T diagrams showing the influence of temperature and pressure in a gaseous phase were presented in part Ⅰ of the overview. In part Ⅱ, the relationship between ET and Kellogg diagrams or between ET and EPh ...T or logp1/T diagrams showing the influence of temperature and pressure in a gaseous phase were presented in part Ⅰ of the overview. In part Ⅱ, the relationship between ET and Kellogg diagrams or between ET and EPh diagrams is discussed. ET diagrams cover larger field of application than the other two. The practical use of ET or logp1/T diagrams is also investigated, which includes: the calculation of polycomponent equilibria in a gaseous phase, the prediction of corrosion products, the interpretation of catalytic mechanism, the exploration for the possibility of producing aluminum with carbothermic method, etc. The limitation of this kind of diagrams is also discussed.展开更多
As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospher...As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospheric amines in both gaseous and particulate phases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The amine samples were collected with and without phosphoric acid filters,followed by derivatization with benzenesulfonyl chloride under alkaline condition prior to GC-MS analysis.Furthermore,the method was optimized and validated for determining 14 standard amines.The detection limits ranged from0.0408-0.421μg/mL(for gaseous samples)and 0.163-1.69μg/mL(for particulate samples),respectively.The obtained recoveries ranged from 68.8%-180%and the relative standard deviation was less than 30%,indicating high precision and good reliability of the method.Seven amines were simultaneously detected in gaseous and particulate samples in an industrial park using the developed method successfully.Methylamine,dimethylamine and diethylamine together accounted for 76.7%and 75.6%of particulate and gaseous samples,respectively.By comparing the measured and predicted values of gas-particle partition fractions,it was found that absorption process of aqueous phase played a more important role in the gas-partition of amines than physical adsorption.Moreover,the reaction between unprotonated amines and acid(aq.)in water phase likely promoted water absorption.Higher measured partition fraction of dibutylamine was likely due to the reaction with gaseous HCl.The developed method would help provide a deeper understanding of gas-particle partitioning as well as atmospheric evolution of amines.展开更多
The nanosize grain growth characteristics of spherical single-crystal titanium oxide (TiO2) during the rapid gaseous detonation reaction are discussed. Based on the experimental conditions and the Chapman-Jouguet th...The nanosize grain growth characteristics of spherical single-crystal titanium oxide (TiO2) during the rapid gaseous detonation reaction are discussed. Based on the experimental conditions and the Chapman-Jouguet theory, the Kruis model was introduced to simulate the growth characteristics of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles obtained under high pressure, high temperature and by rapid reaction. The results show that the numerical analysis can satisfactorily predict the growth characteristics of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles with diameters of 15-300 nm at different affecting factors, such as concentration of particles, reaction temperature and time, which are in agreement with the obtained experimental results. We found that the increase of the gas-phase reaction temperature, time, and particle concentration affects the growth tendency of spherical nanocrystal TiO2, which provides effective theoretical support for the controllable synthesis of multi-scale nanoparticles.展开更多
The present paper demonstrates the applicability of finite element method of weighted residuals to study the effects of precipitation scavenging through raindrops on the steady-state dispersion of air pollutants in th...The present paper demonstrates the applicability of finite element method of weighted residuals to study the effects of precipitation scavenging through raindrops on the steady-state dispersion of air pollutants in the atmosphere under realistic variable wind and diffusivity profiles.Here,the washout of pollutants by rain droplets is considered and the whole analysis for the pollutant concentration is carried out in two phases viz.gaseous phase and droplet phase.The model solutions are obtained by using local basis and asymmetric quadratic weighting functions which can provide a promising alternative to the standard Galerkin formulation for problems with advective and diffusive terms.The results of the model reveal that the precipitation scavenging by rain is quite effective in cleaning the polluted atmosphere.Anticipating the need of pollutant concentration in rain drops regarding acid precipitation(or acid rain),the concentration of the absorbed pollutant in the droplet phase are also analyzed.So,the present study provides an understanding on the concentration distribution of pollutant in gaseous and droplet phases,under the effects of variable wind and diffusivity profiles.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province.
文摘E-T or log p-1/T diagrams showing the influence of temperature and pressure in a gaseous phase were presented in par tⅠof the overview.I n partⅡ,the relationship between E-T and Kellogg diagrams or between E-T and E-pH diagrams is discussed.E-T diagrams cover larger field of application than the other two.The practical use of E-T or log p-1/T diagrams is also investigated,which includes:the calculation of polycomponent equilibria in a gaseous phase,the prediction of cor rosion products,the interpretation of catalytic mechanism,the exploration for the possibility of producing aluminum with carbothermic method,etc.The limitation of this kind of diagrams is also discussed.
文摘T or logp1/T diagrams showing the influence of temperature and pressure in a gaseous phase were presented in part Ⅰ of the overview. In part Ⅱ, the relationship between ET and Kellogg diagrams or between ET and EPh diagrams is discussed. ET diagrams cover larger field of application than the other two. The practical use of ET or logp1/T diagrams is also investigated, which includes: the calculation of polycomponent equilibria in a gaseous phase, the prediction of corrosion products, the interpretation of catalytic mechanism, the exploration for the possibility of producing aluminum with carbothermic method, etc. The limitation of this kind of diagrams is also discussed.
基金supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42020104001 and 41805103)Local Innovative and Research Team Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(No.2017BT01Z032)the Fund from Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(No.1922009)
文摘As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospheric amines in both gaseous and particulate phases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The amine samples were collected with and without phosphoric acid filters,followed by derivatization with benzenesulfonyl chloride under alkaline condition prior to GC-MS analysis.Furthermore,the method was optimized and validated for determining 14 standard amines.The detection limits ranged from0.0408-0.421μg/mL(for gaseous samples)and 0.163-1.69μg/mL(for particulate samples),respectively.The obtained recoveries ranged from 68.8%-180%and the relative standard deviation was less than 30%,indicating high precision and good reliability of the method.Seven amines were simultaneously detected in gaseous and particulate samples in an industrial park using the developed method successfully.Methylamine,dimethylamine and diethylamine together accounted for 76.7%and 75.6%of particulate and gaseous samples,respectively.By comparing the measured and predicted values of gas-particle partition fractions,it was found that absorption process of aqueous phase played a more important role in the gas-partition of amines than physical adsorption.Moreover,the reaction between unprotonated amines and acid(aq.)in water phase likely promoted water absorption.Higher measured partition fraction of dibutylamine was likely due to the reaction with gaseous HCl.The developed method would help provide a deeper understanding of gas-particle partitioning as well as atmospheric evolution of amines.
基金This research was financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities No. 2014QNA76, the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province No. BK20140178, the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos. 11502282 and 41572263, the China Scholarship Council No.201506425040. Center of collaborative innovation in resource utilization and eco- logical restoration of the old industrial base. This is scientific research platform, temporarily with support number.
文摘The nanosize grain growth characteristics of spherical single-crystal titanium oxide (TiO2) during the rapid gaseous detonation reaction are discussed. Based on the experimental conditions and the Chapman-Jouguet theory, the Kruis model was introduced to simulate the growth characteristics of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles obtained under high pressure, high temperature and by rapid reaction. The results show that the numerical analysis can satisfactorily predict the growth characteristics of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles with diameters of 15-300 nm at different affecting factors, such as concentration of particles, reaction temperature and time, which are in agreement with the obtained experimental results. We found that the increase of the gas-phase reaction temperature, time, and particle concentration affects the growth tendency of spherical nanocrystal TiO2, which provides effective theoretical support for the controllable synthesis of multi-scale nanoparticles.
文摘The present paper demonstrates the applicability of finite element method of weighted residuals to study the effects of precipitation scavenging through raindrops on the steady-state dispersion of air pollutants in the atmosphere under realistic variable wind and diffusivity profiles.Here,the washout of pollutants by rain droplets is considered and the whole analysis for the pollutant concentration is carried out in two phases viz.gaseous phase and droplet phase.The model solutions are obtained by using local basis and asymmetric quadratic weighting functions which can provide a promising alternative to the standard Galerkin formulation for problems with advective and diffusive terms.The results of the model reveal that the precipitation scavenging by rain is quite effective in cleaning the polluted atmosphere.Anticipating the need of pollutant concentration in rain drops regarding acid precipitation(or acid rain),the concentration of the absorbed pollutant in the droplet phase are also analyzed.So,the present study provides an understanding on the concentration distribution of pollutant in gaseous and droplet phases,under the effects of variable wind and diffusivity profiles.