Nature has endowed gaseous molecules such as O_(2),CO_(2),CO,NO,H2 S,and N2 with critical and diverse roles in sustaining life,from supplying energy needed to power life and building blocks for life ’s physical struc...Nature has endowed gaseous molecules such as O_(2),CO_(2),CO,NO,H2 S,and N2 with critical and diverse roles in sustaining life,from supplying energy needed to power life and building blocks for life ’s physical structure to mediating and coordinating cellular functions.In this article,we give a brief introduction of the complex functions of the various gaseous molecules in life and then focus on carbon monoxide as a specific example of an endogenously produced signaling molecule to highlight the importance of this class of molecules.The past twenty years have seen much progress in understanding CO’s mechanism(s) of action and pharmacological effects as well as in developing delivery methods for easy administration.One remarkable trait of CO is its pleiotropic effects that have few parallels,except perhaps its sister gaseous signaling molecules such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide.This review will delve into the sophistication of CO-mediated signaling as well as its validated pharmacological functions and possible therapeutic applications.展开更多
Hydrogen Sulfide(H_(2)S)and Nitric Oxide(NO)have become recognized as important gaseous signaling molecules with enormous pharmacological effects,therapeutic value,and central physiological roles.NO is one of the most...Hydrogen Sulfide(H_(2)S)and Nitric Oxide(NO)have become recognized as important gaseous signaling molecules with enormous pharmacological effects,therapeutic value,and central physiological roles.NO is one of the most important regulators of the pathophysiological condition in central nervous system(CNS).It is critical in the various functioning of the brain;however,beyond certain concentration/level,it is toxic.H_(2)S was regarded as toxic gas with the smell like rotten egg.But,it is now regarded as emerging neuroprotectant and neuromodulator.Recently,the use of donors and inhibitors of these signaling molecules have helped us to identify their accurate and precise biological effects.The most abundant neurotransmitter of CNS(glutamate)is the initiator of the reaction that forms NO,and H_(2)S is highly expressed in brain.These molecules are shedding light on the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders.This review is mainly focused on the importance of H_(2)S and NO for normal functioning of CNS.展开更多
基金the general financial support of the Georgia Research Alliance through an Eminent Scholar endowmentinternal financial sources at Georgia State University, USAsupported by The German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaftd DFG), Germany, grant number: DFG #374031971 CRC/TR 240, Projekt B03。
文摘Nature has endowed gaseous molecules such as O_(2),CO_(2),CO,NO,H2 S,and N2 with critical and diverse roles in sustaining life,from supplying energy needed to power life and building blocks for life ’s physical structure to mediating and coordinating cellular functions.In this article,we give a brief introduction of the complex functions of the various gaseous molecules in life and then focus on carbon monoxide as a specific example of an endogenously produced signaling molecule to highlight the importance of this class of molecules.The past twenty years have seen much progress in understanding CO’s mechanism(s) of action and pharmacological effects as well as in developing delivery methods for easy administration.One remarkable trait of CO is its pleiotropic effects that have few parallels,except perhaps its sister gaseous signaling molecules such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide.This review will delve into the sophistication of CO-mediated signaling as well as its validated pharmacological functions and possible therapeutic applications.
文摘Hydrogen Sulfide(H_(2)S)and Nitric Oxide(NO)have become recognized as important gaseous signaling molecules with enormous pharmacological effects,therapeutic value,and central physiological roles.NO is one of the most important regulators of the pathophysiological condition in central nervous system(CNS).It is critical in the various functioning of the brain;however,beyond certain concentration/level,it is toxic.H_(2)S was regarded as toxic gas with the smell like rotten egg.But,it is now regarded as emerging neuroprotectant and neuromodulator.Recently,the use of donors and inhibitors of these signaling molecules have helped us to identify their accurate and precise biological effects.The most abundant neurotransmitter of CNS(glutamate)is the initiator of the reaction that forms NO,and H_(2)S is highly expressed in brain.These molecules are shedding light on the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders.This review is mainly focused on the importance of H_(2)S and NO for normal functioning of CNS.
