Stability of the MGS-like elimination method for equality constrained least squares problems

This paper proves that the weighting method via modified Gram-Schmidt（MGS） for solving the equality constrained least squares problem in the limit is equivalent to the direct elimination method via MGS（MGS-elimination method）. By virtue of this equivalence, the backward and forward roundoff error analysis of the MGS-elimination method is proved. Numerical experiments are provided to verify the results.

Role of oral-fluid based measles diagnostic methods for measles global elimination

Measles eradication is biologically feasible. There is an availability of a safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine; a proven elimination strategy; high Local demand; and an effective global partnership and initiative to support vaccination. Measles eradication is a cost-effective scenario and a good investment to avoid expensive epidemics and save those children die due to measles. Laboratory investigations are indispensable to monitor the progress of measles elimination. This role will require the development of more sensitive diagnostic methods suitable for diagnosis and surveillance, genetic analysis of measles strains and a technology which is transferable worldwide. Measles diagnosis relies increasingly on serological tests. The practical utility of oral-fluid methods(antibody and genetic) in evaluating and refining measles immunization programs would,additionally, provide support for a global surveillance initiative. The utility of in a population survey, in a vaccine sero-conversion study and application in molecular epidemiological use is demonstrated in this review. It is to be hoped that this review will assist in the wider uptake and acceptance of methodology in both developed and developing country situation. More research needed for further evaluation of a recently developed point-of-care test for measles diagnosis: detection of measles-specific Ig M antibodies and viral nucleic acid for wider use oral-fluid methodology. There is a strong case and imperative for the promotion of methods by World Health Organization in its global program of control/eradication of measles over the coming decade.

A type of inverter power supply based on harmonic elimination PWM control

In order to output sine wave with small degree of distortion and improve stability,a type of inverter power supply is designed based on harmonic elimination pulse-width modulation(PWM)control.The rectifier and filter are added to input circuit of the inverter.Single-phrase full-bridge inverter performs the function of converting direct current into alternating current(DC/AC).In the control circuit,single chip micyoco(SCM)AT89C2051 is used for main control chip to accomplish the hardware design of the control system.A given value of output frequency of the inverter is input in the way of coding.According to the output frequency code which is read,SCM AT89C2051 defined harmonic elimination PWM control data which will be selected.Through internal timing control,the switches are switched under this provision of PWM control data.Then the driving signals of the switches in the inverter are output from I/O of SCM AT89C2051 to realize harmonic elimination PWM control.The results show that adding Newton homotopic algorithm of harmonic elimination PWM control to corresponding software of the control system can make the quality of output voltage of the inverter higher and it will have broad application prospects.

The Exact Formulation of the Inverse of the Tridiagonal Matrix for Solving the 1D Poisson Equation with the Finite Difference Method

A new method for solving the 1D Poisson equation is presented using the finite difference method. This method is based on the exact formulation of the inverse of the tridiagonal matrix associated with the Laplacian. This is the first time that the inverse of this remarkable matrix is determined directly and exactly. Thus, solving 1D Poisson equation becomes very accurate and extremely fast. This method is a very important tool for physics and engineering where the Poisson equation appears very often in the description of certain phenomena.

In-Place Matrix Inversion by Modified Gauss-Jordan Algorithm

The classical Gauss-Jordan method for matrix inversion involves augmenting the matrix with a unit matrix and requires a workspace twice as large as the original matrix as well as computational operations to be performed on both the original and the unit matrix. A modified version of the method for performing the inversion without explicitly generating the unit matrix by replicating its functionality within the original matrix space for more efficient utilization of computational resources is presented in this article. Although the algorithm described here picks the pivots solely from the diagonal which, therefore, may not contain a zero, it did not pose any problem for the author because he used it to invert structural stiffness matrices which met this requirement. Techniques such as row/column swapping to handle off-diagonal pivots are also applicable to this method but are beyond the scope of this article.

Analysis of the Invariance and Generalizability of Multiple Linear Regression Model Results Obtained from Maslach Burnout Scale through Jackknife Method

The purpose of this study was to examine the burnout levels of research assistants in Ondokuz Mayis University and to examine the results of multiple linear regression model based on the results obtained from Maslach Burnout Scale with Jackknife Method in terms of validity and generalizability. To do this, a questionnaire was given to 11 research assistants working at Ondokuz Mayis University and the burnout scores of this questionnaire were taken as the dependent variable of the multiple linear regression model. The variable of burnout was explained with the variables of age, weekly hours of classes taught, monthly average credit card debt, numbers of published articles and reports, gender, marital status, number of children and the departments of the research assistants. Dummy variables were assigned to the variables of gender, marital status, number of children and the departments of the research assistants and thus, they were made quantitative. The significance of the model as a result of multiple linear regressions was examined through backward elimination method. After this, for the five explanatory variables which influenced the variable of burnout, standardized model coefficients and coefficients of determination, and 95% confidence intervals of these values were estimated through Jackknife Method and the generalizability of the parameter estimation results of these variables on population was researched.

A Comprehensive Overview of the ELECTRE Method in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making

The ELECTRE(ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalite)method has gained widespread recognition as one of the most effective multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methods.Its versatility allows it to be applied in a wide range of areas such as engineering,economics,business,environmental management and many others.This paper aims to provide an overview of the ELECTRE method,including its fundamental concepts,applications,advantages,and limitations.At its core,the ELECTRE method is an outranking family of MCDM techniques,which allows for the direct comparison of alternatives based on a set of criteria.The method takes into account the preferences and importance of decision-makers and generates a ranking of the alternatives based on their relative strengths and weaknesses.The ELECTRE method is a powerful tool for decision-making,and its applicability to a wide range of fields demonstrates its versatility and adaptability.By understanding its concepts,applications,merits,and demerits,decision-makers can use the ELECTRE method to make informed and effective decisions in a variety of contexts.

分消走泄法对代谢综合征患者代谢、应激、炎症状态的影响

目的探讨国医大师路志正“分消走泄法”治疗代谢综合征的临床疗效及对患者代谢、应激、炎症状态的影响。方法收集我院2018年3月-2020年4月湿热型代谢综合征患者200例,并随机分为对照组(盐酸吡格列酮)和试验组(祛湿降浊方),比较2组患者的疗效、治疗前后的中医症状评分、代谢相关指标[三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,AST)、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)]、应激和炎症相关指标[谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、人单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemotactic protein-1,MCP-1)、脂联素(adiponectin,ADP)、脂蛋白(lipoprotein,LP)]。结果与对照组比较,试验组的总有效率明显增高(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组的主症评分、次症评分、中医症状总分、代谢、应激、炎症相关指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,与对照组比较,试验组主症评分、次症评分、中医症状总分、TG、TC、ALT、FBG、UA、MPO、MDA、IL-6、MCP-1、LP均降低(P<0.05),HDL-C、GSH-Px、T-AOC、ADP均增高(P<0.05)。结论路志正“分消走泄法”可用于治疗MS,可明显改善湿热型MS患者的症状、代谢、应激、炎症状态,值得临床推广。

补肾化痰通脉法治疗颈动脉粥样硬化不稳定斑块临床观察

目的 观察补肾化痰通脉法干预颈动脉粥样硬化不稳定斑块的临床疗效。方法 选择2020年12月—2021年12月太仓市中医医院收治的78例明确诊断颈动脉不稳定斑块患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分成对照组和试验组,各39例。其中对照组予西药干预;试验组在对照组的基础上加入补肾化痰通脉颗粒。观察每组颈动脉粥样硬化不稳性斑块的变化,同时检测血脂指标水平以及评定中医证候积分并进行对比分析。结果 两组颈动脉内中膜厚度和最大斑块大小明显改善,但两组间的最大斑块面积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组血脂水平均改善,且试验组优于对照组(P<0.05);两组中医证候积分均降低,且试验组明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 补肾化痰通脉法可能通过改善患者颈动脉内中膜厚度、血脂水平,控制颈动脉粥样硬化病变的进展。

机电系统关键零部件识别的Z-ELECTRE-AISM方法

关键零部件的识别是复杂机电系统设计、制造和运维的基础。为客观准确地辨识关键零部件,提出将Z-选择与消去转换法(ELECTRE)与对抗解释结构模型法(AISM)相结合的多属性决策算法。首先,基于风险管理理论和感知风险理论,从零部件功能、结构、安全和经济属性4个维度,构建关键零部件的评价指标体系;其次,将属性值为语言型Z-数的信息应用于专家权重与各指标权重的计算;最后,融合Z-ELECTRE过程与AISM形成Z-ELECTRE-AISM方法,通过比较两个相互对抗的解释结构模型得到零部件重要程度排序,根据敏感性分析结果确定系统的关键零部件。空调系统关键零部件辨识的应用研究结果表明,Z-ELECTRE-AISM方法较现有方法更具区分度,能够得到更为合理、精确的结论。

“无湿不成泄”理论探微

湿邪致泄的理论在中医理论形成的较早阶段便被认识到,经过历代医家不断地发展与充实,“无湿不成泄”成为泄泻诊疗的核心理论,其载于明代医家李中梓所著《医宗必读·泄泻》,是中医理论长期发展过程中对泄泻病机的总结性认识。该文系统整理了“无湿不成泄”的内容,对“无湿不成泄”的理论渊源、致泄之湿的内涵、因湿致泄的病机演化等方面进行了理论探微。泄泻以湿邪为枢机,许多治疗泄泻的经典名方如参苓白术散、四苓散、升阳除湿汤、葛根芩连汤、四神丸等组方立意重视祛湿法的应用,古今名家在从湿论治泄泻的具体临床实践中也留下了重要的学术思想和治疗经验。结合现代社会疾病谱的变化,如今泄泻发生的病因病机愈加复杂,湿邪致泄、湿邪致病也将对疾病防治发挥更重要的指导作用。

从“痰湿内蕴”论治冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病

摘冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)是由冠状动脉粥样硬化引起血管狭窄,心肌缺血缺氧的临床常见综合征。痰湿内蕴是冠心病早期较为常见的重要病机,临床常见胸闷、心痛、肢体困乏、头重如裹、眩晕、恶心、脘腹痞闷、脉滑等表现。古代医家很早就对痰湿之邪与胸闷、心痛之间的关系有了深刻的认知,并各有阐释。痰湿之邪不仅作为重要的病理因素引起冠心病的发病、发展,更是作为独立的病理产物影响着本病的预后与转归,痰湿内蕴作为本病的重要病机贯穿疾病发生发展的始终,并且作为独立的病理因素引起痰气阻滞、血脉瘀阻、痰火酿毒、痰湿困脾等复杂兼证,按照中医辨证论治的基本原则,其具体治法则以燥湿化痰为要,根据其兼证的不同分别施以理气、活血、解毒、健脾等法辅之。临床诊疗案例显示,以燥湿化痰为法治疗冠心病疗效确切,在减轻患者胸闷、胸痛等不适的同时,使痰湿引起的头昏体重、乏力等症状有了明显的改善。文章梳理“痰湿内蕴”理论的起源、发展与完善,剖析“痰湿内蕴”这一重要病机在冠心病的发病、转归中的重要意义,总结燥湿化痰类药物在冠心病治疗中的相关研究与应用,以期为中医中药防治冠心病的临床应用提供更可靠的理论依据。

基于U-Net的γ测厚方法研究

噪声环境或复杂放射性本底环境下采用γ吸收法测厚时,由于噪声和其他同位素特征峰会对测厚结果产生不利影响,γ吸收法测厚方法的稳定性和抗干扰能力有待进一步提升。因此,基于深度学习建立一种新颖的γ能谱测厚方法,并利用^(241)Am放射源和碲锌镉探测器搭建了一套γ测厚装置,对测厚方法进行训练和验证。首先,利用搭建的测厚装置对不锈钢、陶瓷和塑料等不同材质、不同厚度的样品进行测量。随后,利用采集到的能谱数据建立数据集对测厚方法进行训练,在原始能谱数据中添加高斯噪声和高斯峰模拟不同程度的噪声和放射性环境,研究了γ测厚方法在不同噪声和放射性环境下测厚稳定性,并与传统方法进行对比。结果表明,在相同噪声环境下,建立的γ测厚方法引起的最大峰面积变化率仅0.049%,优于传统方法的0.85%;在有其他高斯峰干扰的情况下,建立的γ测厚方法能有效扣除其他高斯峰,最大峰面积变化率仅7.58%,优于传统方法的33.29%,抗干扰能力优于传统方法。因此,基于深度学习建立的测厚方法为γ射线测厚的数据处理提供了新思路,提高了γ测厚方法的抗噪能力和抗干扰能力,有助于将γ测厚方法应用于复杂放射性环境,进一步拓宽γ测厚方法的应用领域。

4种消除M蛋白对血清尿酸检测干扰的方法比较分析

目的比较稀释法、聚乙二醇(PEG)沉淀法、超滤膜过滤法和手工计算法4种方法在清除M蛋白干扰尿酸检测中的差异,评估其在临床应用中的价值。方法对受M蛋白干扰的血清标本分别采用稀释法(去离子水和生理盐水)、PEG沉淀法、超滤膜过滤法和手工计算法进行尿酸检测和计算,以超滤膜过滤法的结果为参考值,比较4种清除M蛋白干扰的方法的价值。结果稀释法中,去离子水和生理盐水不同倍数稀释后结果与超滤法结果的相对偏倚分别为:3倍稀释-32.38%、-60.66%,5倍稀释-26.23%、-46.72%,10倍稀释-22.13%、-30.33%。PEG沉淀法与超滤法的相对偏倚为-3.28%,10例对照样本PEG沉淀前后的偏倚在-3.80%~2.34%之间。超滤膜过滤法的结果与患者原始结果相对偏倚为687.10%。手工计算法与PEG沉淀法和超滤膜过滤法的偏倚分别为-1.64%和1.69%,10例对照样本偏倚在-4.62%~0%之间。结论4种清除M蛋白干扰尿酸检测的方法在准确性、便捷性、经济性和实用性方面各有优劣。PEG沉淀法和超滤膜过滤法检测的准确度最高,但操作较繁琐,耗材成本较高。稀释法操作简单,实用性、经济性较好,但准确度较差。手工计算法需要对尿酸的检测参数及仪器检测原理有较好的掌握,其计算结果与超滤膜过滤法接近,方便经济快捷,可作为临床常规方法。

利用微卫星标记鉴定核桃杂交子代的亲本

杂交育种是目前核桃育种的主要方法,为了快速有效地鉴别杂交子代的真实性,加速杂交育种进程,利用微卫星标记方法辅助进行核桃亲子鉴定。研究从已发表的60对核桃属植物微卫星标记中筛选出12个多态性相对较高且稳定扩增的微卫星位点,对5个杂交组合子代159个个体通过基因型排除法和最大似然法进行亲子关系鉴定。基因型排除法鉴定出121个子代的正确亲本,鉴定率较高,总鉴定率76.10%;最大似然法亲权分析显示,双亲未知情形达到置信区间预测出正确亲本的子代有12个,总鉴定率7.55%。父本未知情形达到置信区间推算出正确亲本的子代有19个,总体鉴定率11.95%。整体鉴定率较低。

基于复杂阴影测量方法的建筑物高度反演

阴影法能以较低的成本测量大范围的城市建筑物高度,但其中的阴影长度测量方法在复杂阴影场景中存在测量效率低、精度差、鲁棒性低等问题。对此,该文提出了一种复杂建筑阴影测量方法。该方法首先通过渔网法和多种约束条件相结合实现对阴影的测量与划分;其次,统计所有划分区域的阴影长度值,利用四分位法和双向逼近策略确定阴影最优值;然后,综合评估所有区域最优值确定阴影长度;最后,利用立体交会的建筑高度对应用该阴影测量方法计算的建筑物高度进行验证。结果表明:该方法计算建筑物高度有90.6%以上绝对误差在0~5 m之间。因此可以得出该文方法计算的阴影长度有着较高的精度,能够满足不同种类的复杂阴影测量,提高了阴影法反演建筑物高度的精度,为城市建筑物高度的反演提供新的技术支撑。

张福利运用“分消三泄”治疗急性痛风性关节炎经验

张福利教授认为急性痛风性关节炎发作的病机为湿热搏结,阻滞经络,气血运行受阻。治疗时应强调“治病必求于本”,在通络止痛的基础上清热祛湿,分消三焦湿热。张福利根据湿热二邪偏重情况,基于叶天士分消走泄理论,以分消为基础合开泄、苦泄二法,以求在有效缓解关节红、肿、热、痛等临床表现的同时减少急性痛风性关节炎的发病次数,取得良好疗效。

金属催化下环丙烯酮参与的β-碳消除反应介绍

环丙烯酮是具有休克尔芳香性的三元环状化合物,亦是碳碳键活化反应研究的理想底物。本文对环丙烯酮经β-碳消除途径参与的有机化学反应研究进行了归纳总结,为过渡金属催化下碳―碳键活化反应研究和环丙烯酮的转化应用研究提供参考。

基于分消走泄法调节湿热体质治疗儿童变态反应性疾病

王有鹏教授通过多年临床经验,分析变态反应性疾病儿童的体质,发现此类儿童多为湿热体质,在治疗上多应用分消走泄法进行治疗。此外,阐述分消走泄法治疗湿热性变态反应性疾病的机理,列举出了分消走泄法代表方剂温胆汤系列合方在临床上的具体应用,如泻白散合温胆汤治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘、从龙汤合温胆汤治疗支气管哮喘、苍耳子散合温胆汤治疗过敏性鼻炎等,进一步印证了分消走泄法通过调节体质治疗儿童变态反应性疾病的有效性与新颖性。

分消走泄法治疗儿童特应性皮炎机制研究进展

特应性皮炎是儿童常见的一种慢性、炎症性皮肤病,皮损多见于面部及四肢伸侧或腘窝,为红斑、丘疹等多形性皮损。中医认为本病由于先天不足,禀性不耐,腠理不密,卫外功能不固,易感风、湿、热邪侵袭肌表所致。在现代医学发达的今天,中药在治疗皮肤疾病方面仍有其独有的特色优势地位,显示了不可替代的作用。笔者基于分消走泄法,从分消走泄法的古今应用、与儿童特应性皮炎发病机制的相关性、治法用药等方面进行综述,以期为儿童特应性皮炎疾病的治疗提供更为丰富的理论依据。