Antidepressant effects of Peiyuan Jieyu formula in a mouse model of chronic stress in conjunction with lipopolysaccharide-induced depression

Objective:To explore the mechanism of the Peiyuan Jieyu formula in treating depression by assessing its impact on a lipopolysaccharide-induced(LPS-induced)depression mouse model.Methods:We created a mouse model of depression by exposing mice that had previously received chronic stress to intraperitoneal LPS injections.The mice were divided into the following groups:control,model,fluoxetine,Tiansi Yin,Sini powder,and low-,medium-,and high-dose Peiyuan Jieyu formula groups.Forced swim and tail suspension tests were used to assess the efficacy of the depression(despair)model,and weight gain rates were also measured.Furthermore,serum levels of various depression and inflammation-associated molecules,including tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tryptophan,5-hydroxytryptamine,kynurenine(KYN),and kynurenic acid(KA)were assessed.Furthermore,the expression levels of ionic calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1(IBA-1)and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)mRNA in hippocampal microglia were measured.Results:The model group displayed greater despair-associated immobility,which was shortened in response to various doses of Peiyuan Jieyu formula.Furthermore,formula administration significantly reduced serum TNF-a levels and hippocampal IDO mRNA expression.The high formula dose also reduced IFN-γand IBA-1 levels,the latter was also decreased in response to the medium formula dose.However,the low formula dose reduced serum KYN level and KYN/tryptophan(TRP)and KYN/KA ratios.Conclusion:The Peiyuan Jieyu formula holds immense potential in treating depression in a mouse model,potentially inhibiting inflammation and improving TRP-KYN metabolic disorders.

Fanlian Huazhuo formula:A promising therapeutic approach for metabolic associated steatotic liver disease

This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The study explores the therapeutic potential of Fanlian Huazhuo formula(FLHZF)in treating metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),demonstrating that FLHZF reduces lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,and liver injury in MASLD models by modulating key signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism and autophagy.This editorial emphasizes the potential of FLHZF as a treatment for MASLD and calls for further research to verify its clinical efficacy.

The effect of Jiangan Xiaozhi Formula on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective:To investigate the effects of Jiangan Xiaozhi Formula(JGXZ)on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:Between September 2022 and December 2023,our hospital admitted a total of 58 patients with NAFLD.These patients were split into two groups at random:one for experimentation and the other for control.There were 27 patients in the experimental group at the end,compared to 26 in the control group,reasonable exercise,weight management,lipid regulation,and oral polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules(PPC).The experimental group received JGXZ in addition to the above treatments for 12 consecutive weeks.Changes in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,blood lipids,liver function indicators,the levels of oxidative stress markers,such as malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and superoxide dismutase(SOD),as well as serum inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),were measured both before and after treatment.Results:After treatment,both groups showed significant reductions in TCM syndrome scores(P<0.05)and improvements in blood lipids,liver function indicators,inflammatory factors,and oxidative stress markers(P<0.05).Improvements were noticeably better in the experimental group than in the control group.(P<0.05).Conclusion:JGXZ can significantly improve clinical symptoms,regulate blood lipids,and protect liver function in patients with NAFLD.Its mechanism may be related to inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating the balance of the oxidation-antioxidation system.

使用Geddes应力系数公式求解单桩沉降

对运用Geddes应力系数公式求解单桩沉降进行了讨论，针对运用过程中的经验性问题进打了分析，提出了“基点”的概念，对现有分配系数的求解方法进行了改进.

基于Geddes公式计算新型带肋预应力管桩的沉降

在Geddes应力公式的基础上,对新型带肋预应力管桩的环状凸肋产生的影响做了假设:环状凸肋的受力可等效为对其下部土的挤密作用,即产生附加应力;为了方便计算,把该种附加应力简化沿环状凸肋两倍下部长度矩形分布的桩侧摩阻力,并推导出了适合新型带肋预应力管桩单桩沉降的计算公式;然后用Matlab软件进行编程计算。计算结果与现场试验结果相近,可做为工程估算。

地基附加应力和桩基沉降计算的修正Geddes应力解

Geddes应力解计算桩周土沉降是工程中常用的计算方法,其假设端阻力为桩端集中力,侧摩阻力沿桩身轴线线分布。此假设下计算得到的附加应力不能反映截面几何形状和大小的影响,存在一定的误差。为了更精确地计算桩附加应力与沉降,得到可以反映截面几何形状和大小的计算方法,在Geddes应力解的基础上,假设端阻力在桩端均匀分布,侧阻力为桩侧表面均布力和线性力的综合。采用2重积分的思想,推导出了圆形桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力在桩周土产生的附加应力系数的计算公式,称为修正的Geddes应力解。通过对Geddes应力解和修正Geddes应力解的对比计算表明:随着桩径的增大,Geddes应力解计算误差随之增大。桩径从0.2 m到3 m,Geddes应力解估算端阻力、均匀分布侧摩阻力、线性增长的侧摩阻力产生沉降的误差分别为小于20%、140%和40%。综合端阻力与侧阻力结果,Geddes应力解计算沉降结果偏大。将2种计算方法的计算结果与3维有限元ABAQUS计算结果进行了对比,结果表明修正的计算方法更接近于模拟结果。因此工程中使用修正Geddes应力解计算桩基沉降更合理。

现浇X形桩产生地基附加应力的修正Geddes应力解

现浇X形混凝土桩(X形桩)作为新型的异形截面桩,其侧摩阻力和端阻力对桩周土体产生的附加应力的计算方法尚未得到系统的研究。传统的Geddes解以圣维南原理作为模型假设的依据,忽略桩截面半径和截面形状对计算结果的影响,误差较大。在Geddes应力解的基础上,对附加应力计算过程引入二重积分,推导得出修正的Geddes应力解。通过2种计算方法对X形桩附加应力进行对比分析,结果表明:桩径越大,异形特性越突出,Geddes应力解的误差越大。用修正Geddes应力解分析X形桩侧摩阻力和端阻力产生的附加应力,可知X形桩对下卧层土体产生的附加应力是等截面面积的圆形桩的1/3左右,而端阻力产生的下卧层的附加应力是等截面面积的圆形桩的1～2倍。在1.05倍桩长以下的大部分下卧层区域内,凹弧段侧摩阻力产生的附加应力大于凸出段。随着凸出段与凹弧段侧摩阻力比值的增大,凹弧段侧摩阻产生附加应力系数逐渐减小,凸出段侧摩阻产生的附加应力系数逐渐增大,但两者之和始终小于圆形桩。对于端阻力,X形桩凹弧区产生的附加应力是凸出区的1～3倍。通过对单桩桩顶沉降对比计算,表明修正Geddes应力解与Geddes应力解相比,更适合解决X形桩地基附加应力和沉降问题。

基于单桩静载试验与Geddes解的群桩沉降计算研究

通过现场单桩静载试验与单桩Geddes解理论沉降结果,获得沉降修正系数,将该沉降修正用于修正群桩Geddes解理论沉降结果,最终获得修正后的群桩沉降计算值。经实例验证,该群桩沉降计算方法是合理的。

基于Geddes解的取土器贯入引起的土体附加应力分析

为了研究取土器贯入引起的土体扰动及附加应力分布特性,基于Geddes应力解,分别得到取土器管内任意一点处土样由于端阻力及侧壁摩阻力引起的竖向附加应力解,并通过数值方法对两者引起的管内土体附加竖向应力分布特性及取土器参数对其影响进行分析。计算结果表明:在取土器贯入过程中,端阻力的作用会引起土体产生一个由压应力转变为拉应力的过程,且其拉压应力不随取土器直径、贯入深度的变化而变化;增大取土器的直径能有效减少端阻力及侧壁摩阻力引起的轴线处土体的附加应力,考虑两者的共同作用,大直径取土器能较明显地提高取土样的质量。

基于Geddes解的厂房柱桩基础分析研究

采用应力比法计算桩基影响深度,利用Geddes应力解计算桩土刚度,用协同方法分析桩-承台基础,对桩基础的总体沉降、差异沉降、承台内力等结果进行了计算.基于本方法分析了工业厂房的交叉柱桩基础,通过总结分析结果,验证了规范的结论,并分析了此类基础的规律,为类似工程的设计提供有益的参考.

考虑桩径和桩侧摩阻力分布的改进Geddes桩基沉降分析方法

Geddes方法是我国桩基工程实践中常用的计算群桩沉降的一种弹性理论方法,其原理简单,易于应用,但其也有着比较明显的缺点。首先,Geddes法没有考虑桩径的影响,计算时会在桩端平面产生很大的应力集中;其次,Geddes法中假设的侧摩阻力分布模式过于简单,与工作状态下长桩的侧阻分布差别较大。为了解决这些问题,在Geddes方法的基础上,首先假设端阻力沿桩端平面均匀分布,桩侧摩阻力沿桩侧表面分布,采用数学积分与高斯积分相结合的方法计算地基附加应力,改善应力集中的影响;其次通过对Geddes方法原有侧阻分布模式的几何叠加,得到桩侧摩阻力两段式分布时地基附加应力的计算公式。计算表明,改进后的Geddes方法计算桩基沉降要比原有的Geddes方法计算值小。

地下连续墙-桩-筏板基础共同作用的计算方法——基于Mindlin和Geddes的解法

以Mindlin和Geddes的应力解及其已在桩基中的应用为基础,提出了计算地下连续墙侧摩阻力和端阻力在地基土中所产生的应力的方法。根据应力叠加原理和分层总和法,即可在采用筏板基础、桩基以及将基坑开挖阶段用作围护结构的地下连续墙直接作为地下空间外墙的地下结构体系中,求得地下连续墙和桩基在地基土中的沉降,并由沉降在地下连续墙-桩-筏板基础中的变形协调为条件,提出了地下空间结构中地下连续墙-桩-筏板基础共同作用的分析方法。其中,对筏板基础采用厚板理论计算其内力的方法进行了探讨。

Fanlian Huazhuo Formula alleviates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Fanlian Huazhuo Formula(FLHZF)has the functions of invigorating spleen and resolving phlegm,clearing heat and purging turbidity.It has been identified to have therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in clinical application.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is frequently diagnosed in patients with T2DM.However,the therapeutic potential of FLHZF on NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms need further investigation.AIM To elucidate the effects of FLHZF on NAFLD and explore the underlying hepatoprotective mechanisms in vivo and in vitro.METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with free fatty acid for 24 hours to induce lipid accumulation cell model.Subsequently,experiments were conducted with the different concentrations of freeze-dried powder of FLHZF for 24 hours.C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8-week to establish a mouse model of NAFLD,and then treated with the different concentrations of FLHZF for 10 weeks.RESULTS FLHZF had therapeutic potential against lipid accumulation and abnormal changes in biochemical indicators in vivo and in vitro.Further experiments verified that FLHZF alleviated abnormal lipid metabolism might by reducing oxidative stress,regulating the AMPKα/SREBP-1C signaling pathway,activating autophagy,and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.CONCLUSION FLHZF alleviates abnormal lipid metabolism in NAFLD models by regulating reactive oxygen species,autophagy,apoptosis,and lipid synthesis signaling pathways,indicating its potential for clinical application in NAFLD.

Bushen Yizhi Formula regulates the IRE1αpathway to alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress in an Alzheimer’s disease rat model

While the Bushen Yizhi Formula can treat Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the yet to be ascertained specific mechanism of action was explored in this work.Methods:Different concentrations of the Bushen Yizhi Formula and amyloid-beta peptide(Aβ)were used to treat rat pheochromocytoma cells(P12)and human neuroblastoma cells(SH-SY5Y).Cell morphological changes were observed to determine the in vitro cell damage.Cell Counting Kit(CCK)-8 assay and flow cytometry were employed to identify cell viability and apoptosis/cell cycle,respectively.Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were employed to measure the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related proteins(GRP78 and CHOP),p-IRE1α,IRE1α,ASK1,p-JNK,JNK,Bax,Bcl-2,XBP-1,and Bim.Fura 2-acetoxymethyl ester(Fura-2/AM)was used to determine the intracellular calcium(Ca^(2+))concentration.Also,an AD model was constructed by injecting Aβinto the CA1 area of the hippocampus in Sprague Dawley rats.AD model rats were gavaged with different concentrations of Bushen Yizhi Formula for 14 consecutive days.The Morris water maze experiment was conducted to test the learning and memory of rats.Hematoxylin&Eosin(H&E)and Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl Transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling(TUNEL)staining were done to determine histopathological changes in the brain.Results:Bushen Yizhi Formula relieved the Aβ-induced effects including cell injury,decreased viability,increased apoptosis,G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest,upregulation of GRP78,CHOP,p-IRE1α,p-JNK,Bax,XBP-1 and Bim,as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2.These results were also seen with IRE1αsilencing.While Aβsuppressed the learning and memory abilities of rats,the Bushen Yizhi Formula alleviated these effects of Aβ.Brain nerve cell injury induced by Aβcould also be treated with Bushen Yizhi Formula.Conclusion:Bushen Yizhi Formula could influence ERS through the IRE1αsignaling pathway to achieve its therapeutic effects on AD.

Characteristics of structural loess strength and preliminary framework for joint strength formula

The strength of structural loess consists of the shear strength and tensile strength. In this study, the stress path, the failure envelope of principal stress （ Kf line）, and the strength failure envelope of structurally intact loess and remolded loess were analyzed through three kinds of tests： the tensile strength test, the uniaxial compressive strength test, and the conventional triaxial shear strength test. Then, in order to describe the tensile strength and shear strength of structural loess comprehensively and reasonably, a joint strength formula for structural loess was established. This formula comprehensively considers tensile and shear properties. Studies have shown that the tensile strength exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing water content. When the water content is constant, the tensile strength of the structurally intact soil is greater than that ofremolded soil. In the studies, no loss of the originally cured cohesion in the structurally intact soil samples was observed, given that the soil samples did not experience loading disturbance during the uniaxial compressive strength test, meaning there is a high initial structural strength. The results of the conventional triaxial shear strength test show that the water content is correlated with the strength of the structural loess. When the water content is low, the structural properties are strong, and when the water content is high, the structural properties are weak, which means that the water content and the ambient pressure have significant effects on the stress-strain relationship of structural loess. The established joint strength formula of structural loess effectively avoids overestimating the role of soil tensile strength in the traditional theory of Mohr-Coulomb strength.

Optimal Formula of Angelica sinensis Ameliorates Memory Deficits in β-amyloid Protein-induced Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model

Objective:Angelica(A.)sinensis is used as a traditional medical herb for the treatment of neurodegeneration,aging,and inflammation in Asia.A.sinensis optimal formula(AOF)is the best combination in A.sinensis that has been screened to rescue the cognitive ability in P-amyloid peptide(Ap25-35)-treated Alzheimer’s disease(AD)rats.The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of AOF on the learning and memory of AD rats as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Progress on traditional Chinese medicine in improving hepatic fibrosis through inhibiting oxidative stress

Hepatic fibrosis is a common pathological process that occurs in the development of various chronic liver diseases into cirrhosis and liver cancer,characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix.In the past,hepatic fibrosis was thought to be a static and irreversible pathological process.In recent years,with the rapid development of molecular biology and the continuous in-depth study of the liver at the microscopic level,more and more evidence has shown that hepatic fibrosis is a dynamic and reversible process.Therefore,it is particularly important to find an effective,simple,and inexpensive method for its prevention and treatment.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)occupies an important position in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to its advantages of low adverse reactions,low cost,and multi-target effectiveness.A large number of research results have shown that TCM monomers,single herbal extracts,and TCM formulas play important roles in the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis.Oxidative stress(OS)is one of the key factors in the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis.Therefore,this article reviews the progress in the understanding of the mechanisms of TCM monomers,single herbal extracts,and TCM formulas in preventing and treating hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting OS in recent years,in order to provide a reference and basis for drug therapy of hepatic fibrosis.

Intervention of Bushen Yizhi formula on cognitive disorder rat and the related mechanism of the protective function on neural network

OBJECTIVE Bushen Yizhi formula,constructed by Prof LIAO Shi-long′research group(Guangzhou University of chinese medicine),is the combination of clinical experience and modern pharmacological research,and mainly focuses on the etiology and pathogenesis of AD for treating both cause and symptoms.In this research,the pharmacodynamic study protocol of Bushen Yizhi formula was designed according to the characteristics and indications function of herbs in the formula,and was conformed to preclinical pharmacological research of traditional Chinese medicine for AD,The Technical Requirements of Pharmacology and Toxicology Research in New Drug Development Enacted by State Food and Drug administration also was guiding principle.METHODS A preliminary randomized double-blind clinical trail with 141 cases of AD showed that the efficiency of Bushen Yizhi formula was 61.9%and the increased mean of MMSE was 3.17,but the specific mechanism remains unclear.This study was aimed to reveal the preventive and therapeutic effect of Bushen Yizhi formula on AD rats and its related mechanism.In this research,forebrain-injected IBO-induced AD rats(cholinergic neuron lesion),senescence accelerated mouse,scopolamineinduced learning and memory deficiency rats(mild cognitive impairment)were all established.The learning and memory ability was tested with Morris water maze.Then formation of age pigment,extent of neuronal loss,activation of astrocytes,content of NTFs and degree of oxidized stress damage were determined by morphology,mmunohistochemical and molecular biology methods.RESULTS As the application of Bushen Yizhi formula,the learning and memory ability in all three groups were significantly improved,the formation of age pigment and the content of ACH in cortex and hippocampus were reduced,the activation of astrocytes and release of inflammatory factor(TNF-αand IL-1β)were inhibited,and the antioxidases(CAT,SOD,GSH-PX)were up-regulated and MDA was down-regulated.CONCLUSION Bushen Yizhi formula can prevent and treat AD rats,which might be achieved by anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and protecting cholinergic neuron.

BOUNDARY INTEGRAL FORMULA OF ELASTICPROBLEMS IN CIRCLE PLANE

By bianalytic functions, the boundary integral formula of the stress function for the elastic problem in a circle plane is developed. But this integral formula includes a strongly singular integral and can not be directly calculated. After the stress function is expounded to Fourier series, making use of some formulas in generalized functions to the convolutions, the boundary integral formula which does not include strongly singular integral is derived further. Then the stress function can be got simply by the integration of the values of the stress function and its derivative on the boundary. Some examples are given. It shows that the boundary integral formula of the stress function for the elastic problem is convenient.

BOUNDARY INTEGRAL FORMULAS FOR ELASTIC PLANE PROBLEM OF EXTERIOR CIRCULAR DOMAIN

After the stress function and the normal derivative on the boundary for the plane problem of exterior circular domain are expanded into Laurent series, comparing them with the Laurent series of the complex stress function and making use of some formulas in Fourier series and the convolutions, the boundary integral formula of the stress function is derived further. Then the stress function can be obtained directly by the integration of the stress function and its normal derivative on the boundary. Some examples are given. It shows that the boundary integral formula of the stress function is convenient to be used for solving the elastic plane problem of exterior circular domain.