Sexual harassment on campus has increasingly become the focus of widespread attention from all walks of life. The special identity of subject and object of sexual harassment on campus, concealed action, long cycle, ma...Sexual harassment on campus has increasingly become the focus of widespread attention from all walks of life. The special identity of subject and object of sexual harassment on campus, concealed action, long cycle, mainly come from the idea of a deep dilemma, namely the lack of social gender equity. And the first premise to realize social gender equality is to ensure the education gender justice. Therefore, we need to draw lessons from the experience of the gender equality education in Taiwan, clear the social differences in the mind, respect for diverse gender culture; At the legislative level, improve laws and regulations, safeguard formal sources of law; At the system level, set up specialized agencies, through the permeability of course teaching, the strengthening of construction of teaching staff and the academic research, systematically discuss the effective path to construct mechanism of campus sexual harassment prevention.展开更多
Background： Among numerous health benefits, sports participation has been shown to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Schools represent an ideal environment for increasing sports p...Background： Among numerous health benefits, sports participation has been shown to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Schools represent an ideal environment for increasing sports participation, but it is unclear how access and choice influence participation and whether characteristics of the school sports program differentially influence boys＇ and girls＇ participation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of high school athletic programs and determine the extent to which these characteristics influenced boys＇ and girls＇ sports team participation. Methods： Longitudinal telephone surveys were conducted with 1244 New Hampshire and Vermont students. Students self-reported their sports team participation at baseline （elementary school） and follow-up （high school）. High school personnel were surveyed to assess sports oppor- tunities, which were defined for this analysis as the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. Results： Approximately 70% of children participated on at least one sports team, including 73% of boys and 66% of girls. We detected sta- tistically significant interactions between sex and two school opportunity variables： 1） the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and 2） the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. After controlling for children＇s baseline sports participation and other covariates, boys were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school did not restrict participation in the most popular sports （relative risk, RR = 1.12, p 〈 0.01）; in contrast, girls were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school offered a wider variety of sports （RR = 1.47, p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Sports participation has previously been shown to confer a number of health benefits; as such, school sports programs may be an important, effective, and underused target for public health efforts, including obesity prevention programs. Efforts to increase physical activity among youth should consider both access and choice in school athletic programs. Schools may need to use different strategies to increase sports participation in boys and girls.展开更多
The development of cultural tourism in Ubud has contributed to the rise of its image as a culinary destination. Surprisingly, the ascent of this new image was mainly reinforced by women＇s role in practicing local cul...The development of cultural tourism in Ubud has contributed to the rise of its image as a culinary destination. Surprisingly, the ascent of this new image was mainly reinforced by women＇s role in practicing local culinary entrepreneurship. Even it is acknowledged that culture is a dynamic entity, Balinese women get very rare exposure in the culinary world as it is commonly known mastered by men. On the other hand, culinary tourism has now taken a major part in many tourist destinations. As an emerging trend, culinary tourism faces the fears the world is surrendering to： McDonaldization and cultural homogenization. With this emerging trend, Ubud＇s cooking culture and tastes own a major potential in promoting the destination. However, as a part of culture local culinary in Ubud is rarely being studied or visible to the academic literatures. Becoming fertile terrain for researches that explore the discipline of cultural tourism, very little research also has been carried out into gender dimension in culinary tourism in Ubud. This paper is a first attempt to unpack women＇s role in promoting Ubud＇s image as an emerging culinary destination. Using qualitative method, the paper explores women who have not only succeeded in lifting local culinary as traveller＇s preferences but also in opening up job opportunities in rural areas. The data presented in this article were collected through observation and in-depth interviews of four leading Ubud women who have run successful local culinary outlets or restaurants offering local dishes. The four women surveyed are the owner of Kedewatan Chicken Rice （Nasi Ayam Kedewatan） Ibu Mangku, the owner of the infamous suckling pig in Ubud Ibu Oka, the owner of Bebek Bengil Agung Raka Suenl, and the owner of Paon Bali cooking class Ibu Puspawati. Combining literature reviews and data obtained through observation and in-depth interviews, this paper aims to provide an overview of the potential of culinary tourism to contribute to the gender equality. The result of this structured evaluation shows that one of the main key elements that played an important role in Ubud＇s success, as a culinary destination, is women empowerment. By understanding what and how known restaurants and local talents like Ibu Oka, Ibu Mangku, Bebek Bengil, and Paon Bali are achieving their success, food can certainly become a large contribution to sustaining cultural heritage as well as a stepping point to Balinese women empowerment.展开更多
In 2020,China’s sex ratio at birth(SRB)stood at 111.3,still exhibiting a notable bias.Son preference ranks as the most essential and fundamental reason for the skewed SRB.This study,using a mixed-methods approach,see...In 2020,China’s sex ratio at birth(SRB)stood at 111.3,still exhibiting a notable bias.Son preference ranks as the most essential and fundamental reason for the skewed SRB.This study,using a mixed-methods approach,seeks to address what the temporal changes and regional differences in SRB and the gender preferences are in China,whether and why son preference persists,how people practice such preferences and how they relate to the persistently high SRB in the Chinese con-text.Analysis of data from five national sample surveys finds that son preference is waning and daughter preference is gaining momentum,consistent with significant downward trends in SRB.The study also reveals that value shifts and intergenera-tional relations have a strong influence on gender preferences and their translation into reproductive behavior.Additionally,this study highlights the challenges that are hindering the decline in son preference,suggesting that more efforts are needed to empower women and to change social norms.展开更多
文摘Sexual harassment on campus has increasingly become the focus of widespread attention from all walks of life. The special identity of subject and object of sexual harassment on campus, concealed action, long cycle, mainly come from the idea of a deep dilemma, namely the lack of social gender equity. And the first premise to realize social gender equality is to ensure the education gender justice. Therefore, we need to draw lessons from the experience of the gender equality education in Taiwan, clear the social differences in the mind, respect for diverse gender culture; At the legislative level, improve laws and regulations, safeguard formal sources of law; At the system level, set up specialized agencies, through the permeability of course teaching, the strengthening of construction of teaching staff and the academic research, systematically discuss the effective path to construct mechanism of campus sexual harassment prevention.
基金funded by the U.S.National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences(ES014218)the U.S.National Cancer Institute(CA94273)
文摘Background： Among numerous health benefits, sports participation has been shown to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Schools represent an ideal environment for increasing sports participation, but it is unclear how access and choice influence participation and whether characteristics of the school sports program differentially influence boys＇ and girls＇ participation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of high school athletic programs and determine the extent to which these characteristics influenced boys＇ and girls＇ sports team participation. Methods： Longitudinal telephone surveys were conducted with 1244 New Hampshire and Vermont students. Students self-reported their sports team participation at baseline （elementary school） and follow-up （high school）. High school personnel were surveyed to assess sports oppor- tunities, which were defined for this analysis as the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. Results： Approximately 70% of children participated on at least one sports team, including 73% of boys and 66% of girls. We detected sta- tistically significant interactions between sex and two school opportunity variables： 1） the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and 2） the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. After controlling for children＇s baseline sports participation and other covariates, boys were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school did not restrict participation in the most popular sports （relative risk, RR = 1.12, p 〈 0.01）; in contrast, girls were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school offered a wider variety of sports （RR = 1.47, p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Sports participation has previously been shown to confer a number of health benefits; as such, school sports programs may be an important, effective, and underused target for public health efforts, including obesity prevention programs. Efforts to increase physical activity among youth should consider both access and choice in school athletic programs. Schools may need to use different strategies to increase sports participation in boys and girls.
文摘The development of cultural tourism in Ubud has contributed to the rise of its image as a culinary destination. Surprisingly, the ascent of this new image was mainly reinforced by women＇s role in practicing local culinary entrepreneurship. Even it is acknowledged that culture is a dynamic entity, Balinese women get very rare exposure in the culinary world as it is commonly known mastered by men. On the other hand, culinary tourism has now taken a major part in many tourist destinations. As an emerging trend, culinary tourism faces the fears the world is surrendering to： McDonaldization and cultural homogenization. With this emerging trend, Ubud＇s cooking culture and tastes own a major potential in promoting the destination. However, as a part of culture local culinary in Ubud is rarely being studied or visible to the academic literatures. Becoming fertile terrain for researches that explore the discipline of cultural tourism, very little research also has been carried out into gender dimension in culinary tourism in Ubud. This paper is a first attempt to unpack women＇s role in promoting Ubud＇s image as an emerging culinary destination. Using qualitative method, the paper explores women who have not only succeeded in lifting local culinary as traveller＇s preferences but also in opening up job opportunities in rural areas. The data presented in this article were collected through observation and in-depth interviews of four leading Ubud women who have run successful local culinary outlets or restaurants offering local dishes. The four women surveyed are the owner of Kedewatan Chicken Rice （Nasi Ayam Kedewatan） Ibu Mangku, the owner of the infamous suckling pig in Ubud Ibu Oka, the owner of Bebek Bengil Agung Raka Suenl, and the owner of Paon Bali cooking class Ibu Puspawati. Combining literature reviews and data obtained through observation and in-depth interviews, this paper aims to provide an overview of the potential of culinary tourism to contribute to the gender equality. The result of this structured evaluation shows that one of the main key elements that played an important role in Ubud＇s success, as a culinary destination, is women empowerment. By understanding what and how known restaurants and local talents like Ibu Oka, Ibu Mangku, Bebek Bengil, and Paon Bali are achieving their success, food can certainly become a large contribution to sustaining cultural heritage as well as a stepping point to Balinese women empowerment.
文摘In 2020,China’s sex ratio at birth(SRB)stood at 111.3,still exhibiting a notable bias.Son preference ranks as the most essential and fundamental reason for the skewed SRB.This study,using a mixed-methods approach,seeks to address what the temporal changes and regional differences in SRB and the gender preferences are in China,whether and why son preference persists,how people practice such preferences and how they relate to the persistently high SRB in the Chinese con-text.Analysis of data from five national sample surveys finds that son preference is waning and daughter preference is gaining momentum,consistent with significant downward trends in SRB.The study also reveals that value shifts and intergenera-tional relations have a strong influence on gender preferences and their translation into reproductive behavior.Additionally,this study highlights the challenges that are hindering the decline in son preference,suggesting that more efforts are needed to empower women and to change social norms.
