The Screening of Genes Sensitive to Long-Term, Low-Level Microwave Exposure and Bioinformatic Analysis of Potential Correlations to Learning and Memory

Objective To gain a better understanding of gene expression changes in the brain following microwave exposure in mice. This study hopes to reveal mechanisms contributing to microwave-induced learning and memory dysfunction. Methods Mice were exposed to whole body 2100 MHz microwaves with specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0.45 W/kg, 1.8 W/kg, and 3.6 W/kg for 1 hour daily for 8 weeks. Differentially expressing genes in the brains were screened using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, with genes showing more significant differences further confirmed by RT-PCR. Results The gene chip results demonstrated that 41 genes (0.45 W/kg group), 29 genes (1.8 W/kg group), and 219 genes (3.6 W/kg group) were differentially expressed. GO analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in metabolic processes, cellular metabolic processes, regulation of biological processes, macromolecular metabolic processes, biosynthetic processes, cellular protein metabolic processes, transport, developmental processes, cellular component organization, etc. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these genes are mainly involved in pathways related to ribosome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, long-term potentiation, Huntington's disease, and Neurotrophin signaling. Construction of a protein interaction network identified several important regulatory genes including synbindin (sbdn), Crystallin (CryaB), PPP1CA, Ywhaq, Psap, Psmb1, Pcbp2, etc., which play important roles in the processes of learning and memory. Conclusion Long-term, low-level microwave exposure may inhibit learning and memory by affecting protein and energy metabolic processes and signaling pathways relating to neurological functions or diseases.

Cloning and Expression Level Analysis of Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone Receptor 1 Gene(MC1R) in Alpacas with Different Coat Color

Specific primers for the MC1R gene of alpacas(GenBank EU1358800) were designed to amplify the cDNA sequence using RT-PCR to seek variation in the sequence and explore the relationship between the expression level of MC1R gene and alpaca coat color.The MC1R gene from white alpaca was cloned successfully and sequence analysis verified that the MC1R gene,encoding 317 amino acids,was 1081 bp in length.Compared with the existing sequence in GenBank,sequence identity was 99.9%and 7 mutations were found.Primers,designed from the sequence obtained,were used to assess the relative expression of MC1R in alpacas of different coat color using QRT-PCR and SPSS 13.0 software.Relative expression of MC1R in the skin of brown alpacas was 4.32 times higher than that in white alpacas after normalization with GAPDH(P【0.01),indicating that MC1R expression may be related to coat color of alpacas.

Effect of the Flanking Sequence Architecture of Translation Initiation AUG Codon on Gene Expression Level in Rice

The relationship between the codon usage bias, gene expression level and the AUG context(from -20 to +6 positions relative to the initiator AUG codon) was examined in 541unigene sequences of rice. A significant correlation for CAI values (codon adaptationindex) was observed at five nucleotide positions (-19, -18, -9, -4, +5), eight (-19, -18,-14, -9, -6, -4, -1, +5) for CPP (codon preference parameter), and seven (-18, -16, -15,-9, -7, -1, +6) for mRNA abundance in the flanking sequence of the initiator AUG codonrespectively, but a significantly positive correlation for both CAI and CPP at twopositions (-4 and +5), indicating that both those positions are evolutionally under thenatural selection constraint at the translational level. By site-directed mutagenesis atseven specific positions (-18, -16, -15, -9, -7, -1 and +6) for allergenic protein thathad the highest mRNA abundance in this study, its expression level decreased dramatically63.3 and 72.5% respectively, indicating the importance of those 7 positions for geneexpression. A highly positive correlation (r=0.625, P<0.01) between AUGCAI and GCcontent in the flanking sequence of the initiator AUG codon showed a more effectivehigher GC content on translation initiation efficiency. The strong preference for G orC at those 8 positions (-6, -5, -3, -2, -1, +4, +5 and +6) in the AUG context suggestedthat an important factor in modulation of the translation efficiency, as well assynonymous codon usage bias, particularly in highly expressed genes.

Interactions of the apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels

Objectives Apolipoprotein(Apo) A5 gene poly-morphisms and alcohol consumption have been associated with increased serum triglyceride(TG) levels,but little is known about their interactions on serum lipid levels.The present study was undertaken polymorphismsand alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels.Methods A total of 516 unrelated nondrinkers and 514 drinkers aged 15 -89 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the ApoA5was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Interactions of the ApoA5alcohol consumption were assessed by using a cross-product term between genotypes and the aforementioned factor.Results The levels of total cholesterol (TC),TG,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), ApoA1 and ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P【0.05-0.001).The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were not different between the two groups.The levels of TG in non-drinkers, and TC,TG,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)and ApoB in drinkers were different among the three -1131T】C genotypes(P【0.05-0.001).The -1131C allele carriers had higher serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.The levels of TG,HDL-C and ApoB in nondrinkers,and TG and HDL-C in drinkers were different between the two c.553G】T genotypes(P【0.05-0.01).The C.553T allele carriers had higher serum TG and ApoB levels,and lower HDL-C levels than the allele noncarriers.Serum lipid levels in nondrinkers were not different among the three c.457G】A genotypes(P【0.05 for all), but the levels of HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoA1 and ApoB in drinkers were different between the GG and GA/AA geno-types (P【0.05-0.001).The C.457A allele carriers had lower serum HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAl and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.We also observed four haplotypes:G-G-T, G-G-C,G-A-T,and T-G-C with frequencies ranging from 0.06 to 0.87,representing 100%of all haplotypes in the both populations.The ApoA5 haplotypes were significantly(P【0.05) associated at the global level with TC,TG,HDL-C, LDL-C,Apo1,and ApoB,even after correction for multiple testing with permutation test.In particular,carriers of haplo-type G-G-C had significantly higher TC,TG,LDL-C,ApoB than noncarriers,whereas carriers of haplotype C-A-T had significantly lower TC,LDL-C,ApoAl and ApoB,and higher HDL-C than noncarriers.Serum TC levels in nondrinkers were correlated with -1131T】C genotype and allele(P【0.05 for each),whereas serum TC,TG and LDL-C levels in drinkers were associated with -1131 T】C and C.553G】T genotypes,or c.457G】A alleles(P【0.05-0.001).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with several environmental factors in the both groups.Conclusions The differences in serum lipid profiles between the drinkers and nondrinkers might partly result from different interactions of ApoA5 gene polymor phisms and alcohol consumption.genotypes and -1131T】C, c.553G】T and c.457G】A to detect the interactions of the ApoA5

The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 geneE670G polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Background The association of E670G polymorphism in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene and serum lipid profiles is inconsistent in dif- ferent ethnic groups.Bai Ku Yao is a special subgroup of the Yao minority in China.The present study was undertaken association of PCSK9 E670G polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 649 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 646 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the PCSK9 E670G polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and apolipoprotein(Apo) AI were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.01 for all).The frequency of A and G alleles was 98.00%and 2.00%in Bai Ku Yao,and 95.20%and 4.80%in Han(P【0.01);respectively. The frequency of AA,AG and GG genotypes was 95.99%,4.01%and 0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 91.02%, 8.36%and 0.62%in Han(P【0.01);respectively.There were also significant differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between n and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Han Chinese but not in Bai Ku Yao were different between the AA and AG/GG genotypes(P【0.05 for all).The G allele carriers had higher serum HDL-C and higher ApoAI to ApoB ratio than the G allele noncarriers.When serum lipid parameters in Han were analyzed according to sex,the G allele carriers had higher serum HDL and ApoAI levels in males (P【0.05),and lower ApoB level and higher ApoAI to ApoB ratio in females(P【0.05 for all).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum HDL-C levels were correlated with genotypes in both ethnic groups(P【0.05 each).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex,age,body massindex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking,and blood pressure in both ethnic groups(P【0.05-0.001).Conclusions These results suggest that the PCSK9 E670G polymorphism is mainly associated with some serum lipid parameters in the Han population,both gender show different relations to different serum lipid parameters.The G allele carriers might have higher serum lipid profiles than the G allele noncarriers. ormal LDL-C(≤3.20 mmol/L) and high LDL-C subgroups (】 3.20 mmol/L,P【0.01;respectively) in Bai Ku Yao, and between normal ApoB(≤1.14 g/L) and high ApoB subgroups(】 1.14 g/L,P 【 0.01;respectively) in Han.

Effects of Dietary Energy Level on the Expression of the HSL Gene in DifferentTissues of Sheep

A total of 36 four-mon-old hybrid lambs （Dorset×Thin-tailed Han sheep） with similar body weight （BW） were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments with different energy （7.21, 10.33 and 13.49 MJ d-1 ME） but similar protein levels. The animals were slaughtered and subcutaneous fat, longissimus dorsi muscle, femoral biceps muscle and cardiac muscle tissue samples were taken after being treated for 40 d. The samples were then subjected to quantitative PCR to determine mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive lipase （HSL） in different tissues in the laboratory. The findings showed that the abundance of HSL mRNA decreased with the elevation of dietary energy. In the subcutaneous fatty tissue, the HSL mRNA levels showed significant differences among the three groups （P〈0.01）; in the longissimus dorsi and femoral biceps muscles, the HSL mRNA level in the low energy group was significantly higher than that in the moderate and high energy groups （P〈0.01）. In the cardiac muscle, the HSL mRNA level in the moderate energy group was significantly different from the low and high energy groups （P〈0.05）. The number of HSL copies （Qty） in different tissues of sheep was different, it was greater in the subcutaneous fat than in longissimus dorsi muscle, femoral biceps muscle and heart.

Construction of Lactuca sativa Plastid Transformation Vector and High-level Expression of gfp Gene in Escherichia coli

Using genomic DNA of bolting-tolerant lettuce as a template,flanking fragments of lettuce plastid rpo A gene were amplified and cloned by PCR. Targeting the sites of these two fragments,homologous recombinant fragments of exogenous gene were integrated to construct lettuce plastid expression vector p Brpo AGFP,which harbored the expression cassette Prrn-gfp-aad A-Tpsb A. The results showed that the amplified flanking fragments were 1.2 and 1.1 kb in size. After sequencing,restriction digestion,ligation and transformation,lettuce plastid expression vector containing expression cassette Prrn-gfp-aad A-Tpsb A was constructed and confirmed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The results of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis indicated that gfp gene was efficiently expressed under the regulation of plasmid specific promoter Prrn and terminator Tpsb A. GFP accounted for 45. 6% of total soluble proteins; inclusion bodies accounted for 47.5 % of bacterial proteins,which reached relatively high expression levels. The construction of lettuce plastid expression vector p Brpo A-GFP laid a solid foundation for establishment of subsequent lettuce plastid transformation system and genetic improvement of lettuce using various functional genes.

Relationship between the low density lipoprotein receptor gene polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao population

Objectives Bai Ku Yao(White-trousers Yaos)is a special branch of Yao minority in China.They are now living in both Lihu and Baxu villages,Nandan County, Guangxi,China.The population size is about 30,000.The special customs and culture of Bai Ku Yao,including their special clothing,intra-ethnic marriages and alcohol intake are still completely conserved to the present day.In previous epidemiologic studies,we found that the serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese from the same region.This ethnic difference in serum lipid profiles is still not well known.We hypothesized that there may be significant differences in some genetic polymorphismsssociation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) genepolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 1024 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 792 participants of Han Chinese were stud- ied by a stratified randomized cluster sampling.Epidemiological survey was carried out using internationally standardized methods.Information on demographics,socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors was collected with standardized questionnaires. The height,weight,waist circumference,blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),apolipoprotein(Apo) A1, and ApoB were measured.Body massindex(BMI,kg/m2) was calculated.Genotyping of the LDL-RAvaⅡwas performed by polymerse chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results(l)The height,weight,serum TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAl levels and the ratio of ApoAl to ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese(P【0.01 for all),whereas the percentage of subjects who consumed alcohol or smoked cigarettes was higher in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese(P【0.01 for each).(2) The frequency of A+ allele in Bai Ku Yao was 34.5%,and the frequencies of A-A-,A-A+ and A+A + genotypes were 42.6%,45.9%and 11.5%;respectively. The frequency of A+ allele in Han Chinese was 19.3%(P【0.001),and the frequencies of A-A-,A-A + and A+A+ genotypes were 64.9%,31.6%and 3.5%(P【0.001);respectively. The frequencies of A-A-,A-A+ and A+A+ genotypes in Bai Ku Yao were significant difference between males and females,between normal TC and high TC subgroup, and between normal LDL-C and high LDL-C subgroup (P【0.05 for all),whereas the frequencies of A- and A+ ? alleles in Han Chinese were significant difference between males and females(P【0.05).(3) Serum LDL-C levels in Bai Ku Yao were significant difference among the A-A-, A-A+ and A+A+ genotypes(P【0.05),the A+ carriers had higher serum LDL-C levels.Serum HDL-C levels in Han Chiese were significant difference among the A-A-,A-A + and A+A+ genotypes(P【0.01),the A+ carriers had higher serum HDL-C levels.(4) After adjusting other factors,the prevalence of LDL-C abnormality was still higher in Han Chiese than in Bai Ku Yao.The prevalence of TC abnormality in Han Chinese was almost twice high as in Bai Ku Yao. The age and diet were common risk factor for TC abnormality. No effect of AvaⅡgenotype or alcohol consumption on the TC abnormality was found,but the combination of geno-type and alcohol consumption can increase the prevalence of TC abnormality[Exp(B) =(1.154)].Age was negatively cor- related with TG level.Conclusions Serum TC and LDL-C levels were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han Chinese.There were significant differences in the AvaⅡallele and genotype frequencies between the he A+ carriers in Bai Ku Yao had higher serum LDL-C levels,whereas the A+ carriers in Han had higher serum HDL-C levels.Interactions between alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking and the LDL-R AvaⅡgenotype were also observed.The differences in the serum lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic frequency of LDL-R AvaⅡpolymorphism or differentgene-enviromental interactions.Bai Ku Yao and Han population,the frequency of A + allele was higher in Bai Ku Yao than in Han.T between the two ethnic groups.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to detect the

Association of Bone Turnover Levels with MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms among Pregnant Women in Wuhan, China

Pregnancy is a critical stimulator of bone mineral resorption. We used to find the MTHFR gene polymorphisms are related with blood lead levels among pregnant women. Pregnancy-stimulated bone turnover may be associated with MTHFR gene polymorphisms too. In this article, we aimed to determine the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphisms and bone turnover rates among the pregnant women. The participants including pregnant and non-pregnant women were selected and recruited during their routine prenatal or physical examination from July to October in 2012. A total of 1000 participants, including 250 pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters and 250 non-pregnant women, were enrolled in the study. Finally, after excluding 27 participants unable to provide blood samples, 973 eligible participants （i.e., 234, 249, and 248 pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively, and 242 non-pregnant women） were included in the research. The MTHFR gene 1298CC homozygote carriers were more susceptible to yield higher plasma homocysteine levels than the 1298AA/AC carriers, with standardized coefficients of 0.086 （P〈0.05） and 0.104 （P〈0.01） of all the participants and the pregnant women, respectively. The MTHFR gene 1793AA homozygote carriers more likely showed higher plasma osteocalcin levels （standardized β=0.091, P〈0.01） than the 1793GG/GA carriers among all the subjects. Plasma homocysteine levels were positively correlated with blood lead levels among the participants and the pregnant women with standardized coefficients of 0.320 （P〈0.01） and 0.179 （P〈0.01）, respectively. Plasma osteocalcin levels were positively associated with blood lead levels among pregnant and non-pregnant women with standardized coefficients of 0.084 （P〈0.05） and 0.125 （P〈0.01）, respectively. In conclusion, homocysteine and osteocalcin contents in plasma are associated with the MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphism and blood lead levels among pregnant women. The MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphism-related homocysteine is a possible risk factor for increased blood lead levels among Chinese women.

叶面喷施硒肥对彩色小麦种子活力影响

【目的】彩色小麦是通过远缘杂交等方式培育出的营养组分的含量优于普通小麦的一种优质的功能性小麦,提升彩色小麦种子活力对于提高彩色小麦产量,推动彩色小麦产业化发展具有重要的意义。【方法】选取蓝粒小麦品系蜀蓝麦2001和紫粒小麦品系蜀紫麦1801为研究对象,以白皮小麦蜀麦691为对照,设置3种亚硒酸钠浓度进行喷施,通过测定彩色小麦活力相关性状明确硒对彩麦种子活力的影响。【结果】Se2处理使白皮小麦和蓝粒小麦的发芽势、发芽率、SOD酶活显著提高了12.66%、6.90%、14.07%、7.13%、68.70%和12.82%、9.76%、22.13%、42.00%、37.14%,老化发芽率降幅和电导率显著降低32.43%、12.92%和70.83%、14.00%;Se3处理使紫粒小麦发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和SOD酶活显著提高了29.17%、14.46%、32.87%、36.97%和46.38%,老化发芽率降幅和电导率显著降低了31.67%、22.70%,种子的活力与耐藏性增强;Se2使白皮小麦和蓝粒小麦的幼苗根长、苗长增长了8.73%、8.83%和71.20%、14.86%;Se1使紫粒小麦幼苗根长增长了2.00%,Se3使紫粒小麦苗长增长了3.72%;Se2处理使小麦幼苗干重显著提高了9.71%~28.25%;小麦花后各时期的4种抗氧化酶基因的表达量发生不同程度提高,其中Fe-SOD和Mn-SOD基因在灌浆前期、Cu/Zn-SOD和GR基因在灌浆中期的相对表达量上调幅度最大,彩色小麦的SOD相关基因和GR基因表达量在整个灌浆时期高于白皮小麦。【结论】喷施硒肥能够引起种子活力相关的抗氧化酶相关基因上调表达,增强抗氧化系统的活力,最终显著提高彩色小麦种子活力和耐藏性。

广聚萤叶甲Vg基因的鉴定及表达分析

卵黄原蛋白(vitellogenin,Vg)作为雌性多功能生殖蛋白,为卵黄发生提供所需的储备能源。为明确Vg基因在广聚萤叶甲Ophraella communa生殖过程中的潜在作用,本研究通过RT-PCR技术克隆得到广聚萤叶甲的3个Vg基因,其OcVg1,OcVg2和OcVg3开放阅读框(ORF)分别为5310、5322 bp和5298 bp,对应编码1768、1772和1764个氨基酸。其OcVgs蛋白具有LLTP超家族的保守结构域:LPD_N、DUF1943和VWD结构域;多位于N-端的多聚丝氨酸区(polyserine domains),保守的GL/ICG、R/KXXR/K、DGXR基序和C-端半胱氨酸残基等。构建系统进化树发现,OcVgs与鞘翅目昆虫聚为一支。时空表达分析发现,OcVgs基因在不同组织及发育阶段的表达动态相似,在脂肪体中特异性高表达(P<0.05);在成虫羽化后的性成熟阶段的表达量最高,幼虫期的表达水平可以忽略不计(P<0.05)。研究结果为深入理解广聚萤叶甲生殖作用的分子机制奠定基础。

刺葡萄STS基因克隆及其在不同光质下的表达水平

【目的】研究刺葡萄芪合酶(STS)基因的序列特征及其在不同光质处理下的表达水平,旨在为进一步解析STS基因通过响应光信号调控刺葡萄愈伤组织中白藜芦醇合成的分子机制提供依据。【方法】以刺葡萄愈伤组织为材料,利用逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)技术成功克隆获得了4个STS基因,对这些基因及其编码蛋白进行了生物信息学分析,并利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测其在不同光质下和不同培养阶段的表达水平。【结果】成功地从刺葡萄愈伤组织中克隆获得了VdSTS5、VdSTS6、VdSTS20、VdSTS21共4个基因,均含1179 bp完整开放阅读框(ORF),编码392个氨基酸残基,预测其编码的是亲水性、无信号肽的细胞质定位蛋白,磷酸化修饰主要发生在苏氨酸和丝氨酸位点上,蛋白质的二级结构主要由α-螺旋、无规则卷曲和延伸链组成,STS与查尔酮合成酶(CHS)的蛋白质序列具有高度同源性。4个VdSTS的蛋白质序列在系统进化树上处于3个不同的大分支中,其中,VdSTS5与VdSTS21处在不同的分支中,而VdSTS6与VdSTS20聚在同一分支中,葡萄属不同种之间的STS蛋白质序列相似度高,推测其可能具有相同的功能。启动子顺式作用元件预测发现,4个VdSTS启动子含有多个光响应元件,还含有转录因子识别和作用元件、激素作用元件等。光质显著影响4个VdSTS的表达,在白光、红光、黄光和黑暗处理下,VdSTS的总体表达水平较高,而在绿光和紫光处理下,VdSTS的总体表达水平较低;同时,VdSTS对不同光质的响应不仅存在着基因间的差异,还存在不同培养阶段的差异,VdSTS5在培养后期强烈响应黄光的调控,VdSTS6、VdSTS20在培养中期对黑暗和红光的响应最强,VdSTS21则在培养中期强烈响应红光的调控,这些基因表达水平的变化影响着刺葡萄愈伤组织中白藜芦醇的合成。【结论】4个VdSTS对光质的响应存在差异,可能在响应不同光质调控中对刺葡萄愈伤组织白藜芦醇的合成起到重要作用。

乙酰肝素酶在子宫内膜癌中的研究进展

子宫内膜癌(EC)是最常见的女性生殖道三大恶性肿瘤之一。目前,手术治疗仍是主要治疗方法,并根据组织学结果进行辅助治疗。但老龄患者的手术耐受性、年轻患者的生育能力保留及晚期复发率高等问题仍待解决,因此亟需基于基因水平探索EC治疗的新途径和新疗法。乙酰肝素酶(HPSE)与多种癌症风险存在相关性,但在EC中的作用尚未明确,故本文针对HPSE与EC的增殖、侵袭转移等关系及影响进行综述。

苹果PRE6-like基因的克隆及在花青素合成中的功能分析

【目的】通过验证苹果非典型成员多效唑抗性蛋白基因(PRE6-like)的功能,探索其在花青素生物合成中的调控作用。【方法】基于俄矮2号芽变枝条果皮转录组测序结果,筛选获得花青素合成相关调节基因MdPRE6-like,对其进行生物信息学分析,克隆CDS并构建过表达载体,瞬时表达金冠苹果果实,遗传转化苹果愈伤和拟南芥进行功能验证。【结果】MdPRE6-like cDNA全长279 bp,编码92个氨基酸,相对分子质量10450.75 Da,理论等电点(pI)为6.41,含有HLH结构域,亚细胞定位预测结果为细胞核。组织特异性表达分析表明,MdPRE6-like基因在花、果皮中的表达量显著高于根和叶。瞬时表达金冠苹果表明,MdPRE6-like显著促进了金冠苹果果皮注射部位花青素的积累,并显著提高了花青素合成通路相关结构基因的表达水平。MdPRE6-like基因在苹果愈伤组织和拟南芥过表达表明,转基因苹果愈伤组织和拟南芥叶脉中的花青素含量显著高于野生型,且花青素合成通路结构基因表达水平上调。【结论】MdPRE6-like基因能够正向调控花青素的合成和积累,为后续MdPRE6-like基因参与改良苹果果实品质提供理论参考。

急性脑梗死患者CYP2C19基因多态性与血脂水平的相关性研究

目的研究急性脑梗死患者CYP2C19基因多态性与血脂水平的相关性。方法回顾性选取揭阳市人民医院神经内科2021年7月~2023年6月收治的急性脑梗死患者150例作为观察组和同期在该院体检中心的健康体检者150例作为对照组,通过医院HIS系统查询并详细收集所有研究对象的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、高血压及糖尿病等既往病史、个人史、诊治经过、各项影像结果、血液检查结果[包括丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨基酸转移酶(AST)、总胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、D-二聚体等]、CYP2C19基因型。结果观察组和对照组相比,高血压例数、糖尿病例数、HbA1c、CHOL、LDL-C、HDL-C和D-dimer差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);150例急性脑梗死CYP2C19型中,有正常代谢型(EM)61例,中间代谢型(IM)64例,缓慢代谢型(PM)25例,IM组TG高于EM组(t=3.332,P=0.001),IM组LDL-C高于EM组(t=2.261,P=0.026),PM组高于IM组(t=2.142,P=0.035),PM组HDL-C高于EM组(t=2.277,P=0.025)。结论急性脑梗死患者CYP2C19基因的多态性与患者的血脂水平有相关性。

基于CRISPR/Cas9技术PCSK9基因敲除小鼠模型的构建及表型验证

目的基于CRISPR/Cas9技术构建前枯草杆菌蛋白原转换酶9(Preprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type9,PCSK9)基因敲除小鼠模型并对其表型进行初步验证。方法利用非同源末端连接(NHEJ)修复引入突变的方式,针对PCSK9基因靶序列设计单链向导RNA(sgRNA),将sgRNA和Cas9 mRNA显微注射到C57BL/6J小鼠受精卵,获得F0代敲除小鼠,通过繁育及基因型鉴定获得PCSK9基因敲除(PCSK9 KO)纯合子小鼠。采用PCR方法对PCSK9 KO小鼠进行基因鉴定,Western Blot检测肝组织PCSK9及低密度脂蛋白受体(LDL-R)蛋白的表达,同时检测心、脑、肾、脂肪组织中的PCSK9蛋白表达水平,q-PCR检测PCSK9的mRNA表达水平。采用酶法检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)及甘油三酯(TG)水平。结果PCR产物凝胶电泳以及PCSK9蛋白及mRNA表达结果表明成功获得全身性PCSK9基因敲除小鼠,肝组织LDL-R(3.42±0.56)蛋白表达显著增高。与WT组相比,PCSK9小鼠血清TC(90.75±17.81 mg/dL vs 54.19±2.42 mg/dL)、TG(81.26±11.98 mg/dL vs 50.92±11.93 mg/dL)显著降低(P<0.001)。结论基于CRISPR/Cas9技术成功构建获得PCSK9基因敲除小鼠,敲除PCSK9基因通过上调肝脏LDL-R蛋白显著降低血脂水平。

大麦CIPK基因家族鉴定及表达分析

钙调神经磷酸酶B样相互作用蛋白激酶(CIPK)蛋白家族是由Ca^(2+)介导的植物信号通路中的关键蛋白家族,在植物抗逆和生长发育中发挥着关键作用。本文利用生物信息学方法和转录组数据分析法,进行了大麦CIPK基因家族鉴定及表达分析。结果表明,从大麦基因组数据库中鉴定出31个大麦CIPK基因家族成员,命名为HvCIPK1~HvCIPK31,这些成员分为5个亚族。HvCIPKs基因家族成员具有CIPKs典型的N端激酶结构域和C端NAF调节结构域;蛋白质分子量为40302.27~89926.43 kD,为亲水性蛋白;启动子总共包含11种与非生物胁迫、激素调控以及生长发育相关的顺式作用元件;HvCIPKs与Na^(+)和K^(+)转运体、ABA信号通路关键蛋白(SOS1、AKT1和ABL2)存在相互作用关系;HvCIPK1、HvCIPK2、HvCIPK6、HvCIPK9、HvCIPK11与响应盐碱胁迫相关。该研究可为进一步探索大麦HvCIPKs基因家族功能及调控机制提供理论依据。

湘绣手工艺文化基因谱系图构建及设计应用

目的 探究湘绣手工艺的传承思路,构建文化基因谱系图并对其进行可视化设计应用。方法 首先,通过文献研究、走访调研、作品研读的研究手段对湘绣手工艺资料进行归纳整理,整合有效的知识数据库;其次,基于生物学中的基因传承方式探索文化基因谱系图构建路径,对知识数据库资料按照显性基因和隐性基因详细分类处理;再次,结合基于文化基因结构层次三分法对以上资料深度挖掘,依次为精神文化、社会文化、物质文化并构建湘绣手工艺文化基因谱系图。结果 以湘绣手工艺灯具设计为案例,证实了湘绣手工艺文化基因谱系图对文创产品设计研究起到了一定的支撑作用。结论 文化基因谱系图的构建不仅是梳理了湘绣手工艺的知识框架,同时也为其他地域文化起到了一定的指导作用。

ApoE基因多态性与冠心病的研究进展

冠心病严重威胁人类健康,近年由于人们生活方式等因素的影响,冠心病的发病率逐渐升高。血脂水平是影响冠心病发生的危险因素之一,而载脂蛋白E(ApoE)作为影响血脂水平的重要因素,在脂质代谢中具有重要作用。ApoE基因多态性可通过不同作用机制直接或间接影响冠心病的发生,全面了解ApoE基因多态性与血脂水平及冠心病的相关性,可以为临床冠心病的预防及早期诊疗提供参考,并可优化患者的治疗方案,减少治疗过程中不良反应的发生。

施硅水平对水稻根表铁膜和体内Cd累积分布的影响

稻田镉(Cd)污染治理是中国当前亟需解决的重大科学问题;根表铁膜是水稻根系吸收Cd的重要屏障,施硅(Si)调控水稻根系抗氧化酶和乙烯合成酶活性影响根表铁膜对Cd的吸附,并改变水稻体内Cd的累积和分布,但不同施Si水平对水稻根表铁膜和体内Cd累积分布的影响尚未完全清楚。采用水稻盆栽试验,探讨高、低两种施Si水平条件下,水稻成熟期不同组织器官中Cd的含量、分布规律和水稻体内Cd的转运能力,以及抽穗期根表铁膜的Cd含量、形貌特征与根系抗氧化酶和乙烯合成酶基因的表达,试图揭示不同施Si水平对水稻根表铁膜Cd吸附和体内Cd累积分布的影响。结果表明,施Si会减少成熟期水稻茎中Cd的含量,增大根系中Cd的分布比例,而高Si水平(0.66 g·kg^(-1))还会进一步降低茎节和糙米中Cd的含量和分布比例,抑制根系转运Cd至糙米的能力。此外,施Si可以增强抽穗期水稻根系超氧化物歧化酶基因(OsSOD-Cu/Zn和OsSOD-Fe)、过氧化氢酶基因(OsCATa和OsCATb)以及乙烯合成酶基因(OsACS1)的表达,高Si水平(0.66 g·kg^(-1))能够显著增加根表铁膜中的DCB-Fe和DCB-Cd含量,增大根表铁膜的表面粗糙度,并且进一步增强根系OsSOD-Fe和OsACS1的表达。研究结果证实施Si水平是影响水稻根表铁膜和体内Cd累积分布的关键因素,高水平Si能够更显著地促进水稻根系抗氧化酶基因的表达,增强铁膜形成及其对Cd的吸附,并且抑制根系Cd向糙米的转运和茎节中Cd的分布,从而降低糙米中Cd的累积。该研究成果可为解决中国稻田Cd污染治理难题提供理论依据。