Association of polymorphisms of Nramp1 gene with immune function and production performance of large white pig

The present research was designed to study the association of polymorphism of natural resistance-associated macrophage proteinl （Nrampl） with some immune function and the production performance in Large White pig. The PCR-RFLP technique was applied to analyze the correlation between the polymorphisms of Nrampl gene and immune function [value of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes （PMN） obtained by Nitroblue Tetrazolium （NBT） Reduction and effect of Cytotoxin in Monocyte] and production performance in 165 Large White pigs. The results showed that there was one Nde I restriction locus in Large White pig, and both values of PMN by NBT Reduction and effect of Cytotoxin in Monocyte in genotype BB were higher than those in genotype AB （P〈0.05）. Simultaneously, the weight of 180-day-old pigs with genotype BB was higher than that with genotype AB （P〈0.05）. The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between different genotypes of Nrampl gene and Immune function and production performance, and it can be regarded as a candidate gene of disease resistance. All these results provide valuable reference to further studies of pig disease resistance.

Form Gene Clustering Method about Pan-Ethnic-Group Products Based on Emotional Semantic

The use of pan-ethnic-group products form knowledge primarily depends on a designer＇s subjective experience without user participation. The majority of studies primarily focus on the detection of the perceptual demands of consumers from the target product category. A pan-ethnic-group products form gene clustering method based on emotional semantic is constructed. Consumers＇ perceptual images of the pan-ethnic-group products are obtained by means of product form gene extraction and coding and computer aided product form clustering technology. A case of form gene clustering about the typical pan-ethnic-group products is investigated which indicates that the method is feasible. This paper opens up a new direction for the future development of product form design which improves the agility of product design process in the era of Industry 4.0.

Association of vascular endothelial growth factor-634G/C and receptor for advanced glycation end products G82S gene polymorphisms with diabetic retinopathy

AIMTo investigate the association of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) G82S and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -634 G/C gene polymorphisms with diabetic retinopathy (DR).METHODSOur cross-sectional study included 61 diabetic patients, 12 of them had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 15 had non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 34 had no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) and 61 healthy controls. Participants were tested for RAGE G82S and VEGF -634 G/C polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.RESULTSWe found a significant association between VEGF -634 G/C polymorphism and PDR as PDR patients had increased incidence of VEGF -634 CC genotype compared to NDR patients [odds ratio for CC vs (GC+GG)=6.5, 95% CI=1.5-27.8, P=0.021]. Also VEGF -634 CC genotype and C allele were significantly higher in the PDR than in NPDR patients, which is a novel finding in our study (P=0.024, 0.009 respectively). The mean triglycerides level was significantly higher in diabetic patients with CC genotype (P=0.01) as compared to patients with other genotypes. All cases and control subjects were of the same heterozygous RAGE 82G/S genotype.CONCLUSIONPatients carrying VEGF -634 C polymorphism have a higher risk of PDR development, so VEGF -634 G/C polymorphism could be used as a predictive marker for PDR in diabetic patients. We could not find a significant association between RAGE G82S polymorphism and DR.

nodD GENE PRODUCT AND THE nodA-D INTERGENIC REGION CAN FORM AS MANY AS SEVEN COMPLEXES

Nodulation is crucial for the symbiosis between Rhizobia and plants, and 13 nod genes have been identified in Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar (bv.) viciae, which are responsible for the formation of nodules on plant roots. The nodD, one of those nod genes, is an autoregulatory gene, which controls the expressions of all the rest nod genes in the

Production Systems, Genetic Diversity and Genes Associated with Prolificacy and Milk Production in Indigenous Goats of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review

Goats are one of the oldest domesticated animal species widely distributed in the world playing an important role in the food production system in Sub-Saharan African Region (SSAR). Due to their multiple uses (milk production, meat, fiber and hides) and adaptation aptitudes to ecological conditions, goats produce and contribute positively to farmers’ socio-economy status in various production systems. This review aimed at giving a summary overview on the goat’s production systems characteristics, the genetic diversity and the candidate genes affecting reproductive and milk production performances in goat breeds in SSAR. It has been observed that traditional livestock production system with communal grazing system is the most used in goat keeping in SSAR. The geographical locations play an important role in the relationships between goat’s distributions in the region. At the same time, goats might have been differentiated and isolated one to others due to the wide geographic range, the diversify climate and the topography in the region. Among the six worldwide known haplogroups of goat (A, B, C, D, G and F), haplogroup A is the most representative in SSAR. However, haplogroup G and B can be found in some goat populations in some countries in east (Kenya and Ethiopia) and south parts of Africa. This review reveals that little is known on the candidate genes associated with prolificacy and milk production traits in indigenous goat breeds in the region. That observation suggests the importance of assessing candidate genes associated with economic traits in the populations of goat in SSAR.

南粳系列超级稻品种灌浆期光合产物的分配特性

【目的】研究南粳系列超级稻灌浆期光合产物转运和分配及相关基因表达量的变化特性及其与对照品种的差异,总结南粳系列超级稻高产的生理优势,为优质高产粳稻的培育提供理论依据。【方法】采用南粳5718、南粳晶谷、南粳3908和南粳5055为研究对象,以淮稻5号为对照,在孕穗期、开花期以及开花后每隔7 d至成熟期测定剑叶光合速率、地上部干物质分配和转运,以及剑叶和籽粒发育不同时期物质转运相关基因的表达量,统计产量差异。【结果】南粳系列超级稻产量和千粒重高于淮稻5号,其剑叶净光合速率在孕穗期和花后28 d显著高于淮稻5号。在物质转运方面,南粳系列超级稻开花后茎叶干重、叶片输出量、输出率和转运率显著高于淮稻5号,其中南粳5718叶片输出量和输出率最高。南粳5718剑叶中与淀粉降解和糖类代谢相关基因(OsSPS1,OsSUT2,OsGWD1)的表达比其他品种启动早,最高表达量也高于其他品种。籽粒中SWEET基因在灌浆早期的蔗糖转运过程中扮演重要角色,中后期OsPK3、OsSUT1、OsSUT2基因在糖类的运输卸载中发挥重要作用,OsAGPL2和OsDPE1基因在中后期淀粉合成中发挥重要作用,南粳5718、南粳晶谷、南粳3908籽粒中与淀粉合成和糖类运输的相关基因在不同时期的表达量显著高于淮稻5号。【结论】南粳系列超级稻较高的产量在物质转运方面主要有以下特征:茎秆和叶片物质积累量多,穗积累量大,叶片和茎秆物质转运率高;叶片中蔗糖代谢和转运相关基因表达量高,有利于蔗糖在源端的合成、装载和转运;籽粒中蔗糖转运和淀粉合成相关基因表达量高,有利于蔗糖在库端的卸载及籽粒中淀粉的合成。

杜撒×大长撒VRTN基因多态及其与生产性状的关联研究

为研究杜撒×大长撒VRTN基因多态及其对育肥、胴体、肉质的影响。采用PCR直接测序法对杜撒×大长撒、杜洛克、长白、大白VRTN基因启动子区和4个外显子区进行单核苷酸多态性检测,计算VRTN基因多态位点基因型频率及基因频率,测定杜撒×大长撒猪群的育肥、胴体和肌肉品质,采用最小二乘模型分析VRTN基因与育肥、胴体、肉质的关联。结果显示:在4个猪群中共检测到VRTN g.97615896_97615897ins291和VRTN g.97622607G>A 2个突变位点具有多态性,其中,g.97615896_97615897ins291在4个猪群中均存在Q/Q、Q/Wt、Wt/Wt 3种基因型,4个群体均属于中度多态,均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;杜撒×大长撒g.97615896_97615897ins291位点Q/Q基因型活体背膘厚比Wt/Wt基因型少0.36 mm(P<0.05)、肋骨数比Wt/Wt基因型多0.63对(P<0.01),Q/Wt基因型胴体斜长比Wt/Wt长1.56 cm(P<0.05),Q/Q和Q/Wt基因型眼肌面积比Wt/Wt多4.38 cm^(2)、4.34 cm^(2)(P<0.05),Q/Q基因型瘦肉率比Wt/Wt高3.23百分点(P<0.05)、脂率比Wt/Wt低4.1百分点(P<0.05);VRTN g.97622607G>A位点在杜撒×大长撒属于低度多态(PIC=0.0799),处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;杜撒×大长撒VRTN g.97622607G>A位点GG基因型30~100 kg日增重比GA基因型多61.43 g·d^(-1)(P<0.01),瘦肉率比GA基因型高2.53百分点(P<0.05)。结果表明:VRTN g.97615896_97615897ins291位点插入等位基因Q可增加杜撒×大长撒猪群肋骨数、胴体斜长、眼肌面积和瘦肉率,降低活体背膘厚和脂率;VRTN g.97622607G>A位点GG基因型可提高杜撒×大长撒猪群的日增重和瘦肉率。本研究结果为利用VRTN基因进行分子标记辅助选择提高撒坝猪的生产性能提供依据。

Product of the Schistosoma mansoni Glutathione Peroxidase Gene is a Selenium ContainingPhospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (PHGPx) Sharing MolecularWeight and Substrate Specificity WithIts Mammalian Counterpart

In the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni a functionally active, monomeric, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) has been purified and characterized. This enzyme contains a catalytically active selenocysteine. The protein has been shown to be the product of a cloned gene, previously referred to as a glutathione peroxidase gene. S. mansoni PHGPx has been found 5 times more abundant in female than in male worm extract. As in vertebrate PHGPx, homology alignment indicates that the residues involved in the glutathione binding by the tetrameric cellular glutathione peroxidase are mutated in the S. mansoni enzyme. Thus, this aspect appears a landmark of the PHGPx-type of glutathione peroxidases,which might be of functional relevance

基于眼动追踪的产品族设计基因识别强度研究

目的对小米品牌产品族中多品类的产品设计开展案例研究,探索其设计基因的构成特性,研究分析产品设计基因的识别强度差异性,进而初步形成产品设计基因的提取及构建方法,以及识别强度分析方法。方法首先构建产品设计基因识别强度对比方法,通过卡片分类法、聚类分析法和多维尺度分析法筛选出典型样本;其次由问卷分析和设计形态分析提取典型基因;最后结合眼动追踪和熵权法综合评价基因识别强度差异。结果形成小米品牌产品(家电与智能类)因子库,包含通用型基因5项,专用型基因18项,且通用型基因的识别强度高于专用型基因。结论初步构建了基于眼动追踪的产品族设计基因识别强度研究方法,可以此作为基础规划及管理产品设计方案,使产品设计兼顾品牌基因的延续性及单品设计的合理性;同时还可为生态链企业研发同品牌、不同品类产品提供设计策略与参考。

文化基因视域下区域农产品品牌视觉形象设计

随着国家对乡村振兴事业的进一步扶持,区域农产品品牌化已成为必然趋势。针对现阶段区域农产品品牌视觉形象良莠不齐、同质化严重的现状,探索文化基因视域下区域农产品品牌视觉形象的设计原则与设计策略,旨在通过地域文化赋能品牌的方式打造差异化定位,为其创意设计及其延展提供源源不断的设计动力;层次分析法的介入可以通过为创意设计提供量化依据,来克服传统方案在择优过程中的绝对主观性,从而减少品牌的试错成本。

自抗性基因导向的活性天然产物挖掘

天然产物是医药与农药的重要来源。基因组测序和生物信息学分析技术的飞速发展,揭示了大量功能未知的天然产物生物合成基因簇,利用生物信息学工具,从这些庞大的基因簇数据中挖掘活性天然产物已经成为发现新型天然药物的重要途径。天然产物的生产者们利用自抗性基因所表达的自抗性酶来保护自身,这种自抗性酶是体内一些初级代谢途径中管家酶的变体,不但对于活性天然产物具有较好的耐受性,还可以在生产活性天然产物的同时确保宿主体内代谢的正常进行。因而,自抗性基因指导的天然产物研究有效地将活性导向和基因组导向的天然产物发掘策略桥连起来,为精准发掘具有目标活性的新型天然产物提供了有效策略。本文对利用自抗性基因作为探针进行天然产物发掘的代表性研究工作进行了整理和总结,并对研究趋势进行了展望,主要包括:①对于活性已知的天然产物,利用其自抗性基因来定位生物合成基因簇的研究;②以天然产物生物合成基因簇中的自抗性基因为线索,预测产物的作用靶点的研究;③利用天然产物自抗性机制,将具有已知作用机制的活性分子进行快速排重的研究;④利用自抗性基因与天然产物及其活性的内在联系,以目标靶点导向的活性天然产物基因组挖掘;⑤自抗性基因导向的基因组数据挖掘工具的发展情况。

深加工益生菌产品中常用7种乳杆菌的快速鉴定

目的探讨适用于复杂基质中益生菌产品的DNA提取方法,并通过鉴定7种常见的乳杆菌,比较产品标签标示与实际添加乳杆菌种类的一致性。方法本研究采用了3种不同的DNA提取方法,分别为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(cetyltrimethylammonium bromide,CTAB)法、磁珠法深加工产品基因组DNA抽提试剂盒(磁珠法)和Ezup柱式深加工产品基因组DNA抽提试剂盒(柱式法);通过测定DNA浓度、纯度以及利用16SrDNA V3/V4基因扩增技术评估DNA质量。此外合成嗜酸乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种、罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌、植物乳植杆菌、干酪乳酪杆菌、鼠李糖乳酪杆菌和副干酪乳酪杆菌特异性引物探针,利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,qPCR)技术验证方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性,进一步对市售益生菌产品进行乳杆菌种类的鉴定。结果综合3个DNA质量评价方法,使用CTAB法提取的DNA质量较高,纯度在1.7~2.1之间,质量浓度大于25ng/mL,且16SrDNAV3/V4基因扩增的循环数阈值(cycle threshold,Ct)值均小于35,符合后续qPCR扩增要求;相比之下,柱式法除了饼干类产品DNA纯度为1.96±0.13,浓度为79.07±2.15,扩增Ct值为22.67±3.09能够达到要求外,提取的其他产品DNA和磁珠法提取的DNA无法同时满足3个DNA评价方法要求且重复性较差。本研究所使用的引物和探针对目标乳杆菌有明显的特异性扩增,灵敏度范围为0.0100~1.0000ng/μL和10^(3)~10^(4)CFU/mL,且重复性良好[相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)≤3.02%]。检测的20批市售产品中,6批产品未检出标示的乳杆菌种类,存在标示与实际检出菌种不符的情况。结论CTAB法因其较高的适应性和低成本,在提取复杂基质中益生菌产品的DNA时表现更优,结合qPCR方法能有效实现产品中乳杆菌种水平鉴定;然而针对干酪乳酪杆菌的检出限需要进一步研究开发更为灵敏的引物和探针。

Correlation between DRD2 Gene Polymorphism and Early Egg Production Performance of Libo Yaoshan Chicken

To improve egg production performance of local chicken breed in Guizhou Province, Libo Yaoshan chicken, with dopamine receptor 2 （ DRD2 ） as one of the candidate genes, we detected its genetic variation in 196 Libe Yaoshan hens using PCR-SSCP （single-strand conformation polymorphism） and sequencing method, and analyzed the correlation between genetic variation and egg production traits. The results showed that TT and TG genotypes in mRNA SNlX）62 （C→T） loci of the DRD2 gene had extremely significant difference in egg production at 38 weeks age （P 〈0.01 ）, and significant difference in egg weight at 300 days age （P 〈0.05 ）. The single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） mutation induced synonymous mutation of the 312th amino acids （leucine） in DRD2 protein, from L （CTG） to L （TI＇G）. The mRNA SNP962 （C→T） loci had a larger genetic effect on egg production at 38 weeks age, and could be used as a molecular marker in early breeding of Libo Yaoshan chicken.

三生空间视角下传统村落空间基因图谱构建及特征解析——以扎尕那村为例

传统村落三生空间的优化布局有赖于对其空间特征及其内在结构的认识。文章以扎尕那村为例,从三生空间的视角建立空间基因图谱,并以此为基础确定村落三生空间基因特征。研究表明:(1)基于土地利用数据构建三生空间基因描述具有区别于单一空间基因的新维度;(2)运用参数化方法进行空间基因识别提取具有可操作性;(3)借助“三生空间关系”图形及“地理信息要素分类”编码的形式实现空间基因图谱表达可更好服务于国土空间规划;(4)基于空间基因图谱识别出的扎尕那三生空间特征明显,生态空间由9种景观类型组成,裸岩与林地是景观的基质;生活空间建设用地破碎度较高,呈自由式带状布局;生产空间形成农林牧垂直经济类型。

长沙地域文化在文创产品设计中的应用研究

本文以长沙的地域文化基因为切入点,对其在文创产品设计中的应用进行研究,探索具有独特文化特征与城市魅力的文创产品,通过借用生物学中的遗产基因概念,推理出长沙地域文化基因图谱,将长沙地域文化基因融入文创产品设计中,彰显长沙地域文化的鲜明特色,同时带动地域文化产业的蓬勃发展,促进长沙地域文化创意产业的繁荣,希望所提出的设计思路能为其他地域文创产品的创新设计提供有价值的借鉴与方向。

我国先进治疗药品的范围及分类研究和建议

近年来先进治疗药品研发申报呈爆发式增长,引领生物医药的第三次产业革命。全球范围内嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)治疗产品、腺相关病毒载体基因治疗产品等不同类型的细胞和基因治疗产品相继批准上市,为复发难治疾病提供了有效的治疗手段。先进治疗药品通常采用细胞或组织经基因修饰和(或)体外操作制备,种类包括基因修饰细胞、核酸、病毒载体和人工组织等。由于这类产品类型复杂、多样,明确其定义和分类,有利于优化产品注册申报路径,加速各类产品技术指南的发布,推动产品快速研发上市,助力我国药品监管与国际接轨。本文通过调研美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)、欧洲药品管理局(EMA)、日本药品医疗器械综合机构(PMDA)等药品监管机构在法规层面对先进治疗药品的定义及监管分类情况,结合我国产品申报现状和审评积累,提出了对先进治疗药品分类和描述的建议,为我国相关监管政策制定提供参考。

济南市食品和腹泻病人来源副溶血性弧菌分子分型及毒力基因分析

目的:了解济南市动物性海产品、腹泻患者来源副溶血性弧菌的脉冲场凝胶电泳分子分型特征以及菌株携带毒力基因的情况。方法:按照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》的方法采集动物性海产品150份,依据《山东省食源性疾病主动监测工作手册》采集腹泻病人样本771份,对上述两类样本进行副溶血性弧菌分离。用脉冲场凝胶电泳对129株副溶血性弧菌进行分子分型和聚类分析,利用多重荧光PCR检测菌株毒力基因的携带情况。结果:动物性海产品来源副溶血性弧菌的总检出率为41.3%,腹泻病人副溶血性弧菌的检出率为6.1%~14.2%。动物性海产品和腹泻患者来源的129株副溶血弧菌可分为93个脉冲场凝胶电泳型别,相似性系数为35.1%~100.0%。患者来源的菌株带型相似系数高于85.0%的占比为90.4%,89.3%动物性海水产品来源的菌株带型相似系数低于85.0%。73株患者来源的菌株携带tdh基因的菌株占比为95.9%,携带trh基因的菌株占比为6.8%,4.1%的菌株同时携带两个毒力基因。动物性海产品来源的56株菌均不携带毒力基因tdh,携带耐热相关溶血素的菌株占比为3.6%。结论:两种来源的菌株在分子分型和毒力基因携带方面存在差异,动物性海产品携带副溶血性弧菌的比例较高,有必要进一步加强对动物性海产品副溶血性弧菌的监测,扩大采样量并增加菌落挑取数量以进一步明确该菌株的传播、流行特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。

沙发产品形态基因及遗传力分析

在企业沙发产品研发中,每一代沙发产品之间基本上都具有一定的连贯性和继承性,延续着沙发产品族的特征。论文以某品牌沙发产品中四组主要款式为主,提取最有遗传力的形态基因,完善其产品族构筑。运用形态分析法提取显性形态特征,提取过程中采用标准差系数算法,以反映各个特征间的差异性,对性状较强的形态特征的遗传力做判断,标准差系数越小,遗传力越强,从而确定最具遗传力的显性形态基因。经遗传力的分析,得到沙发产品中最具遗传力的5个形态基因:贵妃位扶手长短与贵妃位之间的形式、贵妃位边沿、扶手与座基架间的连接形式、扶手和靠背架之间的位置形式、整体轮廓线。这些可以被传承的形态基因有利于沙发产品族的构建,也为设计师进行产品迭代设计提供了重要参考。

附子丁香散加味穴位贴敷对便秘大鼠结肠组织PGP9.5及BDNF蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨附子丁香散加味穴位贴敷对阳虚型慢传输型便秘(slow transit constipation,STC)大鼠结肠组织中蛋白基因产物9.5(protein gene product 9.5,PGP9.5)及脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)蛋白质表达的影响。方法:将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、造模组、穴贴组各20只。造模组和穴贴组每3.0 mg/kg体质量大鼠灌胃咯哌丁胺悬液,持续21天,同时每日予氢化可的松注射液25 mg/(kg·d)后肢肌肉注射进行造模;对照组灌胃等体积蒸馏水。造模成功后,造模组大鼠清水灌胃21天,每日1次;穴贴组在大鼠神阙及双天枢穴敷贴附子丁香散加味药饼,每日1次,每次6 h,连贴6天后暂停1天,共进行3个循环。末次灌胃后24 h处死大鼠,通过HE染色、免疫组织化学方法观察大鼠结肠形态和病理变化,并检测结肠组织中PGP9.5及BDNF蛋白表达水平。结果:组织病理学显示对照组大鼠近端结肠层次清晰,腺体齐整,肌间神经丛内见正常神经节,神经元细胞阳性表现为分布均匀的棕色染色;造模组大鼠肠黏膜水肿,肠壁变薄,炎症细胞浸润,肠壁肌纤维大部分断裂,空泡样变性,神经元细胞大量减少,细胞阳性表达染色降低;穴贴组大鼠肠壁及腺体有所恢复,结肠肌间神经丛神经元细胞与造模组相比,空泡变性多数已恢复,炎症细胞浸润显著减少。治疗后穴贴组大鼠结肠组织PGP9.5和BDNF表达均高于造模组(P<0.05)。结论:附子丁香散加味穴位贴敷可能通过提高PGP9.5及BDNF蛋白在结肠组织中的表达来治疗STC。

断裂基因转录原理在曲线锯形态设计中的应用

目的为满足电动工具企业对品牌识别的需求,将生物学断裂基因转录原理应用到产品形态设计过程中以实现电动工具产品的迭代更新,加强产品的家族化特征和品牌识别性。方法分析企业目标产品族的基本形态基因,利用平面绘图软件提取早期产品造型的轮廓线,形成该产品的形态基因图谱,基于断裂基因转录的剪接机制和电动工具迭代中形态基因筛减过程的相似之处,运用设计形态分析法和聚类分析将形态基因分为3类,即典型基因、次典型基因和一般基因,其中典型基因和次典型基因组合形成产品基因框架体。以产品基因框架体为基础,以形状文法为推演方法,基于建立的品牌特征识别的规则约束,创造出新产品的形态基因图谱以指导产品迭代,最后通过李克特量表对新旧形态基因图谱进行评估验证。结果提出了基于断裂基因转录原理的迭代设计理论与方法,通过形状文法创造出具有家族识别特征的新形态基因图谱。结论以东达品牌曲线锯设计为例,根据李克特量表的相关统计数据显示,新形态基因图谱优于旧形态基因图谱,验证了该方法的可行性。