Relationship between the berrant hypermethylation profile of 14-3-3 sigma and its reduced transcription levels in Chinese women sporadic breast carcinogenesis

Objective: To study the relationship between 14-3-3 sigma gene promoter hypermethylation and its transcrip-tion levels in sporadic breast carcinogenesis. Methods: Hypermethylation of 14-3-3 sigma gene was detected by sensitive MSP assay in carcinous, non-cancerious and normal tissue, and its mRNA was also detected by real-time PCR based on SYBR Green 1. Results: The hypermethylation frequencies of 14-3-3 sigma were 90% in 68 cases of sporadic breast cancer patients. Hypermethylation was presented in portions (2/13,18%) of hyperplastic samples, and no hypermethylation was presented in normal tissue. The hypermethylation change of 14-3-3 sigma gene was markedly related with various types, grades and lymph node metastases (P < 0.05), and no significant differences in methylation frequencies were seen between premenopause and postmenopause (P > 0.05). The hypermethylation of 14-3-3 sigma showed reverse relationship with its mRNA transcription (P < 0.05). Only lymph node metastases was strongly associated with poor outcome (P = 0.02). Whether 14-3-3 sigma promoter methylation or not did not affect the 5-year survival rate of sporadic breast cancer (P > 0.05). Conclu-sion: Epigenetics alterations of the 14-3-3 sigma can contribute to reducing or losing the expression of 14-3-3 sigma protein, which plays an important role in the development of sporadic breast carcinomas including various types, grades and lymph node metastases.

Molecular Characterization of Cotton 14-3-3L Gene Preferentially Expressed During Fiber Elongation

The 14-3-3 protein, highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells, is an important regulatory protein. It plays an important role in the growth, amplification, apoptosis, signal transduction, and other crucial life activities of cells. A eDNA encoding a putative 14-3-3 protein was isolated from cotton fiber eDNA library. The eDNA, designated as Gh14-3-3L （Gossypium hirsutum 14-3-3-like）, is 1,029 bp in length （including a 762 bp long open reading frame and 5＇-/3＇-untranslated regions） and deduced a protein with 253 amino acids. The GhI4-3-3L shares higher homology with the known plant 14-3-3 proteins, and possesses the basic structure of 14-3-3 proteins： one dimeric domain, one phosphoralated-serine rich motif, four CC domains, and one EF Hand motif. Northern blotting analysis showed that Gh14-3-3L was predominantly expressed during early fiber development, and reached to the peak of expression in 10 days post anthers （DPA） fiber cells, suggesting that the gene may be involved in regulating fiber elongation. The gene is also expressed at higher level in both ovule and petal, but displays lower or undeteetable level of activity in other tissues of cotton.

The role of epigenetic inactivation of 14-3-3σ in human cancer

Cancer cells show characteristic alterations in DNA methylation patterns. Aberrant CpG methylation of specificpromoters results in inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and therefore plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Thep53-regulated gene 14-3-3σ undergoes frequent epigenetic silencing in several types of cancer, including carcinoma ofthe breast, prostate, and skin, suggesting that the loss of 14-3-3σ expression may be causally involved in tumor progression.Functional studies demonstrated that 14-3-3σ is involved in cell-cycle control and prevents the accumulation of chro-mosomal damage. The recent identification of novel 14-3-3σ-associated proteins by a targeted proteomics approachimplies that 14-3-3σ regulates diverse cellular processes, which may become deregulated after silencing of 14-3-3σexpression in cancer cells.

Expression Analysis of 14-3-3 Gene in Tall Fescue under Several Abiotic Stresses

To study the functions of 14-3-3 gene family in tall fescue, the potential functions of 13 14-3-3 proteins in Arabidopsis were investigated by bioinformatic analysis. Based on the sequences of 14-3-3 genes in tall fescue by transcriptome and proteomic sequencing, the full-length cDNA sequences of 4 14-3-3 genes in tall fescue were obtained. Their sequences were aligned by Clustal W2. The results showed that the genetic relationships between 14-3-3A and 14-3-3D, 14-3-3B and 14-3-3C are closer, and their main structures are very conservative. The changes in expression levels of 14-3-3 genes under low nitrogen, drought, high temperature and high salt stresses were investigated by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The expres- sion level of 14-3-3A makes responses to low nitrogen, drought, high temperature and high salt stresses; the expression levels of other genes also make responses to abiotic stresses in varying degrees, but the relevant response mechanisms are not exactly the same. Therefore, it is speculated that the 14-3-3 gene family regu- lates stress resistance of plants through different pathways, and functional differenti- ation occurs during its evolution.

Circular RNA circFOXM1 triggers the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer through miR-132-3p/TMEM14A axis

Farlier studies indicated that circular RNAs(circRNAs)were found in various cancer clls,and circFOXM1 was reported to act as an oncogane in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,the function of circFOXM1 in NSCLC remains undear.The epression lewels of genes were measured using quantative real-time polymerase chain reactions(qRT-PCR).Cell prolferation and apoptosis were determined by 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-25 dipbenyletrazolium bromide solution(MTT)and flow cytometry assay.The rdative protein expression was assed by westen blot Moreower,transwell assays were employed to examine ell migration and invasion.The targeted relationship was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay.The expression of circFOXMI was up-regulated in NSCIC tissues and cell lines.The depletion of circFOXM1 decreased the prolferation,migration,invasion,and induced cell apoptosis of NSCLC cells.MicroRNA-132-3p(MiR-1323p)was idenified as a target of dircFOXMl.The expression level of miR-132-3p was decrased in NSCLC tssues and cell lines and inversely corrdated with circFOXM1 expression.Furthermore,the efects of drdOXMl down regulation on NSCLC cell progression were abolished by mR-1323p inhibitor.Transmembrane protein 14A(TMEM14A)was verifed as a target gene of miR-132-3p.The efects of circFOXM1 depletion on NSCLC cell proliferation,apoptosis,migration,and invasion were reversed by TMEMI4A overexpression.Our study demonstrated that knodkdown of circFOXM1 suppressed NSCLC progression through rqgulating miR-132-3p/TMEMI4A axis,sugesting the drFOXM/miR-132-3p/TMEM14A axis may serve as the novd target for NSCLC diagnosis and therapy.

Transgenic Pigs Carrying a Synthesized Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Yield High Level of ω-3 PUFAs

Polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） are essential for normal growth in mammals, especially the ω-3 PUFAs, which play important roles in preventing several life-threatening diseases, such as coronary heart disease and diabetes. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the sFat-1 gene from Caenorhabditis briggsae could be functionally expressed in transgenic pigs, and whether the transgenic could synthesize high quality ω-3 PUFAs endogenously. In this study, a gene construct consisting of CMV promoter and 1.9 kb cDNA of ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene （sFat-1） from C. briggsae was injected into the male pronucleus of pig embryos by microinjection. The piglets were screened for the transgene by PCR, Southern blot and reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Pigs that give positive results were mated with wild-type pigs to produce the next generation and the transmission of transgene was examined by PCR analysis. Fatty acids compositions of various tissues in the transgenic pigs were then analyzed by gas chromatograph. A total of 878 embryos were transferred into 42 recipients, among which 29 successfully got pregnant and gave birth to a total of 162 piglets, and 8 of them were identified to be transgenic. Fatty acid compositions in the transgenic pigs were altered, and the levels of ω-6：ω-3 ratios were decreased from 14.53 in the control to 2.62 in Fat-1 transgenic pigs. A number of primary sFat-1-transgenic pigs were bred in this study, which lays the foundation for cultivation of new varieties of transgenic pigs.

Identification of the keratin-associated protein 13-3 (KAP13-3) gene in sheep

Keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are a major structural component of hair and wool fibres, and play a critical role in determining the properties of the fibre. To date, forty functional high sulphur KAP genes from fourteen families have been identified in humans, but only six functional high sulphur KAP genes have been identified in sheep. This led us to search for the ovine KAP13-3 gene, a gene encoding a high sulphur KAP. In this study, the notional KAP13- 3 gene (KRTAP13-3) was amplified using primers designed based on a reported bovine KRTAP13-3 se- quence. PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to screen amplicons derived from the gene in one hundred and forty seven New Zealand Romney crossbred sheep. Five unique banding patterns were revealed. Either one PCR-SSCP pattern (homozygous) or a combination of two patterns (heterozygous) was observed for each sheep. Sequencing of PCR amplicons representtative of different SSCP patterns revealed five different DNA sequences. The sequences derived from the amplicons showed a low homology to other known ovine KRTAPs, but had a high homology with previous reported KRTAP13-n sequences from human and cattle, with the closest homology being with bovine KRTAP13-3, suggesting the sequences represent the ovine KRTAP13-3 locus. Among the five allele sequences, four nucleotide substitutions were identified within the coding region. Of these substitutions, three were non-synonymous and would result in amino acid changes (p.Arg79Cys, p.Arg81Gln and p.Tyr130His). This variation in the KAP13-3 gene may affect gene expression, the structure and assembly of the protein, and consequently influence wool traits, if KAP13-3 is of importance to wool fibre structure.

Molecular Analysis and Expression Patterns of Four 14-3-3 Genes from Brassica napus L.

In eukaryotes,14-3-3 proteins constitute a family of ubiquitous regulatory molecules.They play very important roles in many cell processes.However,their enconding genes and roles in plants remain to be elucidated.In this paper,four 14-3-3 genes from Brassica napus L.were obtained by randomly sequencing a full-length cDNA library and named as Bn1433-1-4 respectively.The phylogenetic comparison with Arabidopsis 14-3-3 family showed that Bn1433-1 and Bn1433-2 belonged to Episilon group while Bn1433-3 and Bn1433-4 belonged to non-Episilon group.The transcript levels of four Bn1433 genes were analyzed in different organs,various stress conditions and some hormone treatments by real-time PCR.The result showed that all the Bn1433s were expressed constitutively in roots,stems,leaves and immature seeds except that Bn1433-4 exhibited strong expression in immature seeds of 14 and 28 DAF（day after flowering）.By the analysis of real-time PCR,different expression patterns of Bn1433s were studied in various stress conditions and hormone treatments.It was suggested that the functions of Bn1433s are diverse and they are involved in the regulation of various stresses and hormones treatments.

Study of Swine Leukocyte Antigen Class I-3 (SLA-3) Gene for Inbreeding Wuzhishan Pig

To elucidate the structure of SLA-3 alleles on inbred line of Wuzhishan pig （WZSP） population, we examined the partial exon 1, completed exon 2, and partial exon 3 of SLA-3 loci using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT- PCR） and the sequencing-based method in 32 WZSPs. According to pedigree and amplification results, PCR products of 8 WZSPs were selected to clone and sequence. Nine different nucleotide sequences were obtained. After comparing the DNA and protein sequences of the WZSPs SLA-3 alleles with the published GenBank SLA sequences, it was found that the SLA-3 alleles in WZSPs were all novel, but there were very few variations among them. Comparision of SLA-3 and HLA-A protein sequences indicated that there was more sequence homology. Meanwhile, the construction of a phylogenetic tree using the nucleotide sequences of 23 SLA-3 alleles and 1 HLA-A allele represented that the WZSP population owns its unique genetics resource. In this study, the alleles of SLA-3 on WZSP group were successfully detected and analyzed, which provided the firm basis on the genotype of SLA-3 for breeding specific haplotypes WZSPs.

Association of UCP3,APN,and TNF-α Gene Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes in a Population of Northern Chinese Han Patients

We observed the polymorphism distribution and coaction of uncoupling protein 3（UCP3）-55C/T,adiponectin（APN）＋45T/G and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α-308G/A on the onset and development of T2DM in a Northern Chinese Han population of 213[100 type 2 diabete（T2DM） patients and 113 health control subjects] by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisum（PCR-RFLP） method.Results demonstrate the polymorphism of UCP3-55C/T,APN＋45T/G,and TNF-α-308G/A related to T2DM onset and developement.And the individuals carrying UCP3-55T,APN＋45G and TNF-α-308A allele had higher T2DM risk.Those results are the first report to evaluate the association of the coaction of UCP3,APN,TNF-α genes polymorphism on T2DM risk and the susceptibility of T2DM in the Northern Chinese Han population.

Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Rosa rugosa β-1,3-Glucanase Gene (RrGlu)

In order to reveal which role the callose played in R. rugosa pollination incompatibility, the full-length cDNA sequence of β-1,3-glucanase gene was cloned for the first time from the stylus of Rosa rugosa “Tanghong” with RT-PCR and RACE methods and named as RrGlu. The full-length cDNA is 1380 bp with an open reading frame of 1041 bp, encoding 346 amino acids. The derived protein has a molecular weight of 37.85 kD, a calculated pI of 9.12, a pfam00332 conserved domain at position 36 - 345, and belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 17. The derived protein is a hydrophilic protein secreted into the vacuole. There is a signal peptide cleavage site at position 34 - 35, a transmembrane domain at position 13 - 32, six Ser phosphorylation sites, three Thr phosphorylation sites, three Tyr phosphorylation sites, one N-glycosylation site, and five O-glycosylation sites. There are 31.50% α-helixes, 30.92% random coil, 25.14% extended peptide chain, and 12.43% β-corner structure. This protein and the Glu protein from eight other species, including Prunus persica, share a sequence homology of greater than 72%;all of the proteins contain a pfam00332 conserved domain and a β-1,3-glucanase active center sequence (LIVM)-X-(LIVMFYW)3-(STAG)-E-(ST)-G-W-P-(ST)-X-G. Furthermore, their phylogenetic relationships are consistent with their traditional classifications. These results were meaningful to reveal the molecular mechanism of R. rugosa pollination incompatibility and improve the theory and techniques of breeding ornamental R. rugosa.

Screening of NKX2-5,GATA4,ZIC3 gene mutations in sporadic congenital simple heart disease in Hainan Province

Objective:Congenital heart disease(CHD)is caused by abnormal cardiac development,which is the most common congenital malformation at home and abroad.NKX2-5,GATA4 and ZIC3 have been shown to be associated with CHD.This experiment explored the relationship between NKX2-5,GATA4 and ZIC3 gene mutations and sporadic CHD in Hainan Province.Methods:To collect 210 sporadic CHD patients in Hainan,the DNA of patients was extracted from blood,and the target gene fragments were amplified.Using high-resolution melting(HRM)and DNA sequencing technology,and we analyzed the sequences of NKX2-5,GATA4 and ZIC3 genes.Results:NKX2-5,GATA4 and ZIC3 genes were sequenced in 210 CHD patients,and seven gene mutations were found,including NKX2-5 heterozygous missense mutation(c.178G>T)and three heterozygous mutations in GATA4(c.677C>T,c.928A>G,c.1123G>A),three heterozygous mutations in ZIC3(c.19G>C,c.1255C>G,c.1348C>T),in which NKX2-5(c.178G>T),GATA4(c.1123G>A),and ZIC3(c.1255C>G,c.1348C>T)are new mutation sites.These gene mutations were predicted to be pathogenic mutations by bioinformatics software.Conclusion:Conclusion:Seven gene mutations were found in 210 patients,and it was the first report that the gene mutations of NKX2-5,GATA4 and ZIC3 in Hainan Province associated with the pathogenesis of CHD.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting as Korsakoff syndrome caused by E196A mutation in PRNP gene:A case report

BACKGROUND Prion diseases are a group of degenerative nerve diseases that are caused by infectious prion proteins or gene mutations.In humans,prion diseases result from mutations in the prion protein gene(PRNP).Only a limited number of cases involving a specific PRNP mutation at codon 196(E196A)have been reported.The coexistence of Korsakoff syndrome in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)caused by E196A mutation has not been documented in the existing literature.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old Chinese man initially presented with Korsakoff syndrome,followed by rapid-onset dementia,visual hallucinations,akinetic mutism,myoclonus,and hyperthermia.The patient had no significant personal or familial medical history.Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed extensive hyperintense signals in the cortex,while positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a diffuse reduction in cerebral cortex metabolism.Routine biochemical and microorganism testing of the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)yielded normal results.Tests for thyroid function,human immunodeficiency virus,syphilis,vitamin B1 and B12 levels,and autoimmune rheumatic disorders were normal.Blood and CSF tests for autoimmune encephalitis and autoantibody-associated paraneoplastic syndrome yielded negative results.A test for 14-3-3 protein in the CSF yielded negative results.Whole-genome sequencing revealed a diseasecausing mutation in PRNP.The patient succumbed to the illness 11 months after the initial symptom onset.CONCLUSION Korsakoff syndrome,typically associated with alcohol intoxication,also manifests in CJD patients.Individuals with CJD along with PRNP E196A mutation may present with Korsakoff syndrome.

胡萝卜14-3-3基因家族的鉴定与分析

以胡萝卜为试材,采用分子生物学和生物信息学方法对胡萝卜14-3-3基因家族各成员进行鉴定,研究分析其理化特性、基因结构、保守结构域、复制事件、系统进化及顺式作用元件,以期为进一步研究胡萝卜14-3-3蛋白的功能提供参考依据。结果表明:胡萝卜中共鉴定到11个14-3-3基因,不均匀分布在6条染色体上,含有3~7个外显子,其中1对基因发生片段复制事件;编码的蛋白序列长度为236~264 aa,分子量为26.64~30.14 kD,等电点为4.65~5.33,具有7个Motif,全部为酸性非分泌型蛋白,定位在细胞核。系统进化分析显示,胡萝卜14-3-3蛋白分为ε类(3个)与非ε(8个)类2个亚族。此外,顺式作用元件分析结果表明,胡萝卜14-3-3基因含有大量激素与逆境胁迫相关元件。

烟粉虱MED隐种14-3-3基因克隆及时空表达谱分析

【目的】真核生物中,14-3-3蛋白是一类可与多种蛋白互作的调节蛋白,能够参与信号转导、免疫反应、生长发育和胁迫响应等。本研究旨在克隆烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci MED隐种的14-3-3基因的全长cDNA序列,了解该基因编码的蛋白特征和该基因的时空表达模式。【方法】使用RT-PCR技术克隆烟粉虱MED隐种的14-3-3基因全长cDNA序列,通过生物信息学软件和在线网站分析14-3-3基因的生物学特性;使用RT-qPCR测定14-3-3基因在烟粉虱MED隐种不同发育阶段(卵、1-4龄若虫和成虫)、雌雄成虫以及雌成虫头、胸和腹中的表达量。【结果】克隆并鉴定了烟粉虱MED隐种14-3-3基因的两个亚型:Bt14-3-3 epsilon(GenBank登录号:XM_019046102.1)和Bt14-3-3 zeta(GenBank登录号:XM_019057395.1),开放阅读框(ORFs)分别长771和744 bp,分别编码256和247个氨基酸,编码的蛋白是无跨膜螺旋区和信号肽的亲水性蛋白,其二级结构主要由α旋螺旋组成。系统发育树分析表明,Bt14-3-3 epsilon与褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens、温带臭虫Cimex lectularius和茶翅蝽Halyomorpha halys的14-3-3 epsilon聚为一支,同源性较高;Bt14-3-3 zeta与褐飞虱的14-3-3 zeta的亲缘关系更近。RT-qPCR结果表明,Bt14-3-3 epsilon和Bt14-3-3 zeta在烟粉虱MED隐种的卵、雌成虫和雌成虫腹部中的表达量较高。【结论】明确了烟粉虱MED隐种14-3-3基因的两个亚型的全长序列、编码蛋白特征及时空表达特点,为后续研究14-3-3蛋白的分子功能奠定了基础。

血清14-3-3β蛋白联合呼出气一氧化氮及常规通气肺功能参数对儿童支气管哮喘的诊断效能

目的探讨血清14-3-3β蛋白联合呼出气一氧化氮(fractional exhaled nitric oxide,FeNO)及常规通气肺功能参数对儿童支气管哮喘(简称“哮喘”)的诊断效能。方法前瞻性纳入136例初次诊断为哮喘且处于急性发作期的儿童为哮喘组,选择同期85例健康体检儿童为健康对照组,比较两组血清14-3-3β蛋白浓度的差异,分析血清14-3-3β蛋白与临床指标的相关性,评估14-3-3β蛋白联合FeNO及常规通气肺功能参数对儿童哮喘的诊断效能。结果哮喘组血清14-3-3β蛋白浓度高于健康对照组(P<0.001)。血清14-3-3β蛋白与中性粒细胞百分比、血清总免疫球蛋白E呈正相关,与常规通气肺功能参数呈负相关(P<0.05)。联合指标交叉验证显示14-3-3β蛋白+FeNO+用力呼出75%肺活量的呼气流量占预测值百分比预测哮喘的曲线下面积为0.948,灵敏度和特异度分别为88.9%和93.7%,具有较好的诊断效能(P<0.001),模型的外推性最好。结论血清14-3-3β蛋白联合FeNO、用力呼出75%肺活量的呼气流量占预测值百分比可以显著提高儿童哮喘的诊断效能。

GM130通过14-3-3ζ对卵巢癌细胞增殖的影响及机制研究

目的探讨高尔基体基质蛋白130(GM130)通过14-3-3ζ对卵巢癌细胞增殖的影响及可能机制。方法采用免疫组化法检测在20例正常卵巢上皮组织和42例卵巢上皮恶性肿瘤中GM130和14-3-3ζ的表达,分析二者相关性。采用Western blot和RT-PCR法检测卵巢癌SKOV3/A2780细胞株GM130和14-3-3ζ蛋白及其mRNA表达情况,筛选出高表达细胞株。采用免疫荧光染色法检测GM130与14-3-3ζ在卵巢癌细胞中的共表达情况。将设计好的重组表达质粒shRNA-GM130片段稳转进入卵巢癌细胞中,采用Western blot和RT-PCR筛选出降低GM130的最佳片段。细胞分为三组:空白组(WT)、对照组(NC)、低表达组(313),采用CCK法和流式细胞术分别检测各组卵巢癌细胞生殖情况及周期变化情况,采用Western blot法检测各组14-3-3ζ、GRASP65、P115及增殖相关蛋白表达水平。结果GM130和14-3-3ζ在卵巢恶性肿瘤组织中的表达水平高于正常卵巢组织(P<0.001)。在卵巢恶性肿瘤组织中,GM130和14-3-3ζ呈正相关关系(r=0.873,P<0.001)。GM130蛋白及其mRNA在SKOV3细胞中的表达量高于A2780细胞(P<0.05),14-3-3ζ蛋白及其mRNA在SKOV3细胞和A2780细胞中比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。后续实验选用SKOV3细胞。免疫荧光共定位染色显示,GM130与14-3-3ζ主要在胞质表达,前者近核膜部分呈堆叠样表达量较高,后者胞核中表达较少,二者可能存在共定位关系。转染313组片段后,对GM130的抑制效果最好。转染质粒313组细胞增殖能力降低,细胞在G1期阻滞的数量增多,G2期阻滞数量减少,S期阻滞的细胞数量稍减少,GM130、14-3-3ζ、P115、Cyclin A、Cdc25A蛋白相对表达水平降低,P21蛋白相对表达水平升高(P<0.05)。结论抑制GM130可抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖,其机制可能与抑制14-3-3ζ表达,影响卵巢癌细胞周期有关。

菊芋14-3-3基因家族的鉴定及其对非生物胁迫响应的分析

[目的]本文旨在鉴定菊芋14-3-3基因家族成员并分析它们对高温、低温、盐和干旱胁迫响应的表达模式,为研究14-3-3蛋白功能及菊芋育种提供依据。[方法]采用克隆和生物信息学研究基因性质,采用RNA-seq数据分析和RT-qPCR研究基因对非生物胁迫的响应模式。[结果]从菊芋中克隆到14-3-3基因家族的10个成员HtGRF1—HtGRF10,GenBank登录号为OP132618—OP132627。根据进化关系将其分为2个亚家族:HtGRF1—HtGRF7属于非ε组,HtGRF8—HtGRF10属于ε组,通常形成同源或异源二聚体。组织表达分析表明,HtGRF2/3/6/9在芽、根、茎、叶中的表达丰度较高,HtGRF3/5/9在块茎发育过程中前高后低。综合分析根和叶中HtGRF对非生物胁迫响应时发现,HtGRF6表达水平在高温、盐和干旱胁迫下下降;HtGRF2/3/7/8/9表达水平在盐胁迫下下降,而在干旱胁迫下上升;HtGRF1表达水平在低温胁迫下上升;HtGRF4/5表达水平在干旱胁迫下下降;而HtGRF10表达水平变化不显著。[结论]菊芋14-3-3蛋白是一个高度保守的多基因编码家族,在菊芋的生长发育和适应复杂环境中起着重要作用。

14-3-3ɛ蛋白与肿瘤发生发展关系的研究进展

14-3-3ε蛋白也被称为YWHAE蛋白,是属于14-3-3蛋白家族的一种小相对分子质量的蛋白质。不同于蛋白激酶,14-3-3ε蛋白在细胞内并不参与蛋白质磷酸化反应,而是通过形成特殊的二聚体结构并与特定的磷酸化蛋白质结合,调节蛋白质配体的活性和亚细胞定位,从而参与多种细胞生命活动的调节。目前,在多种肿瘤中均已发现14-3-3ε蛋白的异常表达,异常表达的14-3-3ε蛋白对蛋白质配体的调节效应改变,进而影响蛋白质配体的亚细胞定位和酶活性,导致肿瘤细胞发生发展和侵袭转移。14-3-3ε蛋白的二聚体结构是其在肿瘤发生发展过程中发挥生物学功能的重要结构基础,破坏这一二聚体结构可有效靶向攻击肿瘤细胞。现基于国内外对14-3-3ε蛋白的研究成果,针对14-3-3ε蛋白的结构、作用机制及其在胃癌、肝癌、皮肤癌和其他多种肿瘤中发生发展过程中的影响及作用机制进行综述。

铁皮石斛14-3-3基因家族鉴定及表达分析

【目的】14-3-3蛋白,亦称通用调节因子(GRF),由多基因家族编码,在植物生长发育和逆境应答发挥关键的作用。鉴定铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)GRF基因家族,为铁皮石斛GRF基因功能研究及遗传改良提供理论依据。【方法】通过生物信息学的方法鉴定铁皮石斛14-3-3家族成员,分析其理化性质、染色体定位、系统进化发育、基因结构和启动子顺式作用元件等,同时通过荧光定量PCR技术检测它们在不同组织、低温处理及盐胁迫处理后的表达量。【结果】铁皮石斛有17个GRF家族成员,分为ε类和非ε类亚族,不均匀地分布在7条染色体上,且存在7对串联复制基因。同一亚族成员基因结构、保守基序和蛋白质二级结构相类似。DoGRF家族基因的启动子区域存在大量激素和环境胁迫应答相关的调控元件。DoGRF家族基因在铁皮石斛各组织中均有表达,具有组织表达特异性,大多数基因在花器官中表达最高,其次是茎和根。同时,在低温处理、盐胁迫处理下呈现差异化表达,可能受到低温和盐胁迫的调控,特别是DoGRF2在铁皮石斛逆境应答过程中起着关键的作用。【结论】在全基因组水平从铁皮石斛中鉴定出17个DoGRF家族成员,不同基因对非生物胁迫响应不一,并具有器官表达特异性。DoGRF2对低温和盐胁迫呈现正向响应。