EXTENDED OBLIQUE PROJECTION METHOD FOR GENERALIZED LEAST SQUARES PROBLEM

We extend the oblique projection method given by Y.Saad to solve the generalized least squares problem. The corresponding oblique projection operator is presented and the convergence theorems are proved. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for computing the solution or the minimum N-norm solution of the min || A x- b ||M2 have been proposed as well.

Solving method of generalized nonlinear dynamic least squares for data processing in building of digital mine

Data are very important to build the digital mine. Data come from many sources, have different types and temporal states. Relations between one class of data and the other one, or between data and unknown parameters are more nonlinear. The unknown parameters are non random or random, among which the random parameters often dynamically vary with time. Therefore it is not accurate and reliable to process the data in building the digital mine with the classical least squares method or the method of the common nonlinear least squares. So a generalized nonlinear dynamic least squares method to process data in building the digital mine is put forward. In the meantime, the corresponding mathematical model is also given. The generalized nonlinear least squares problem is more complex than the common nonlinear least squares problem and its solution is more difficultly obtained because the dimensions of data and parameters in the former are bigger. So a new solution model and the method are put forward to solve the generalized nonlinear dynamic least squares problem. In fact, the problem can be converted to two sub problems, each of which has a single variable. That is to say, a complex problem can be separated and then solved. So the dimension of unknown parameters can be reduced to its half, which simplifies the original high dimensional equations. The method lessens the calculating load and opens up a new way to process the data in building the digital mine, which have more sources, different types and more temporal states.

Adequate Closed Form Wave Solutions to the Generalized KdV Equation in Mathematical Physics

In this paper, we consider the generalized Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) equations which are remarkable models of the water waves mechanics, the shallow water waves, the quantum mechanics, the ion acoustic waves in plasma, the electro-hydro-dynamical model for local electric field, signal processing waves through optical fibers, etc. We determine the useful and further general exact traveling wave solutions of the above mentioned NLDEs by applying the exp(−τ(ξ))-expansion method by aid of traveling wave transformations. Furthermore, we explain the physical significance of the obtained solutions of its definite values of the involved parameters with graphic representations in order to know the physical phenomena. Finally, we show that the exp(−τ(ξ))-expansion method is convenient, powerful, straightforward and provide more general solutions and can be helping to examine vast amount of travelling wave solutions to the other different kinds of NLDEs.

Assessing dynamic response of multispan viscoelastic thin beams under a moving mass via generalized moving least square method

Dynamic response of multispan viscoelastic thin beams subjected to a moving mass is studied by an efficient numerical method in some detail. To this end, the unknown parameters of the problem are discretized in spatial domain using generalized moving least square method （GMLSM） and then, discrete equations of motion based on Lagrange＇s equation are obtained. Maximum deflection and bending moments are considered as the important design parameters. The design parameter spectra in terms of mass weight and velocity of the moving mass are presented for multispan viscoelastic beams as well as various values of relaxation rate and beam span number. A reasonable good agreement is achieved between the results of the proposed solution and those obtained by other researchers. The results indicate that, although the load inertia effects in beams with higher span number would be intensified for higher levels of moving mass velocity, the maximum values of design parameters would increase either. Moreover, the possibility of mass separation is shown to be more critical as the span number of the beam increases. This fact also violates the linear relation between the mass weight of the moving load and the associated design parameters, especially for high moving mass velocities. However, as the relaxation rate of the beam material increases, the load inertia effects as well as the possibility of moving mass separation reduces.

Separating iterative solution model of generalized nonlinear dynamic least squares for data processing in building of digital earth

Data coming from different sources have different types and temporal states. Relations between one type of data and another ones, or between data and unknown parameters are almost nonlinear. It is not accurate and reliable to process the data in building the digital earth with the classical least squares method or the method of the common nonlinear least squares. So a generalized nonlinear dynamic least squares method was put forward to process data in building the digital earth. A separating solution model and the iterative calculation method were used to solve the generalized nonlinear dynamic least squares problem. In fact, a complex problem can be separated and then solved by converting to two sub problems, each of which has a single variable. Therefore the dimension of unknown parameters can be reduced to its half, which simplifies the original high dimensional equations.

Global interpolating meshless shape function based on generalized moving least-square for structural dynamic analysis

A global interpolating meshless shape function based on the generalized moving least-square （GMLS） is formulated by the transformation technique. Both the shape function and its derivatives meet the Kronecker delta function property. With the interpolating GMLS （IGMLS） shape function, an improved element-free Galerkin （EFG） method is proposed for the structural dynamic analysis. Compared with the conven- tional EFG method, the obvious advantage of the proposed method is that the essential boundary conditions including both displacements and derivatives can be imposed by the straightforward way. Meanwhile, it can greatly improve the ill-condition feature of the standard GMLS approximation, and provide good accuracy at low cost. The dynamic analyses of the Euler beam and Kirchhoff plate are performed to demonstrate the feasi- bility and effectiveness of the improved method. The comparison between the numerical results of the conventional method and the improved method shows that the proposed method has better stability, higher accuracy, and less time consumption.

Analytical and Traveling Wave Solutions to the Fifth Order Standard Sawada-Kotera Equation via the Generalized exp(-Φ(ξ))-Expansion Method

In this article, we propose a generalized exp(-Φ(ξ))-expansion method and successfully implement it to find exact traveling wave solutions to the fifth order standard Sawada-Kotera (SK) equation. The exact traveling wave solutions are established in the form of trigonometric, hyperbolic, exponential and rational functions with some free parameters. It is shown that this method is standard, effective and easily applicable mathematical tool for solving nonlinear partial differential equations arises in the field of mathematical physics and engineering.

Analysis of the generalized Camassa and Holm equation with the improved element-free Galerkin method

In this paper, we analyze the generalized Camassa and Holm （CH） equation by the improved element-free Galerkin （IEFG） method. By employing the improved moving least-square （IMLS） approximation, we derive the formulas for the generalized CH equation with the IEFG method. A variational method is used to obtain the discrete equations, and the essential boundary conditions are enforced by the penalty method. Because there are fewer coefficients in the IMLS approximation than in the MLS approximation, and in the IEFG method, fewer nodes are selected in the entire domain than in the conventional EFG method, the IEFG method should result in a higher computing speed. The effectiveness of the IEFG method for the generalized CH equation is investigated by numerical examples in this paper.

Generalized Minimum Perpendicular Distance Square Method of Estimation

In case of heteroscedasticity, a Generalized Minimum Perpendicular Distance Square (GMPDS) method has been suggested instead of traditionally used Generalized Least Square (GLS) method to fit a regression line, with an aim to get a better fitted regression line, so that the estimated line will be closest one to the observed points. Mathematical form of the estimator for the parameters has been presented. A logical argument behind the relationship between the slopes of the lines and has been placed.

Preconditioned iterative methods for solving weighted linear least squares problems

A class of preconditioned iterative methods, i.e., preconditioned generalized accelerated overrelaxation （GAOR） methods, is proposed to solve linear systems based on a class of weighted linear least squares problems. The convergence and comparison results are obtained. The comparison results show that the convergence rate of the preconditioned iterative methods is better than that of the original methods. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is shown in the numerical experiment.

病态加权最小二乘混合模型的k-Liu估计解法

文章综合加权多源观测模型及最小二乘混合模型,组合两种有偏估计算法得到组合有偏估计算法。利用岭估计与Liu估计形成一种新的有偏估计——k-Liu估计,其可以抵抗法方程系数矩阵的病态性,同时可以有效降低参数估值的均方误差。通过构建目标函数导出k-Liu估计在病态最小二乘混合模型中参数的通用解式、均方误差式和协因数的计算式,推导出k-Liu估计中修正因子的计算式,通过广义交叉检核法确定岭参数。最后,通过多种估计法参与算例解算,得出k-Liu估计可以进一步提升混合最小二乘模型的解算精度。

Spectrum Deviation Method of Identification of Foreshocks or Generalized Foreshocks and Its Applications

Based on previous research work,we present a spectrum deviation method to recognize a foreshock or generalized foreshock in this paper. The criterion to determine whether an event is a foreshock is a wide spectrum for an ordinary event,however,a moderate earthquake with foreshock or generalized foreshock has the characteristics of a narrow frequency band,and it deviates to the low frequency. It may be explained by metastable extension in the rupture source or related area of the main shock or regional fragmentation damage and crack nucleation process. The calculation results of two foreshocks,the M_S4. 7 event which occurred before the Yushu M_S7. 1 earthquake on April 14,2010 and the M_S5. 3 event which occurred before the Yutian M_S7. 3 earthquake on February 12,2014,show that the spectra of foreshocks shift,and they are quite different from the nonforeshock seismic spectrum of equivalent size. Therefore,this result can verify the validity of the spectrum deviation method.

A meshless method for the nonlinear generalized regularized long wave equation

This paper presents a meshless method for the nonlinear generalized regularized long wave （GRLW） equation based on the moving least-squares approximation. The nonlinear discrete scheme of the GRLW equation is obtained and is solved using the iteration method. A theorem on the convergence of the iterative process is presented and proved using theorems of the infinity norm. Compared with numerical methods based on mesh, the meshless method for the GRLW equation only requires the.scattered nodes instead of meshing the domain of the problem. Some examples, such as the propagation of single soliton and the interaction of two solitary waves, are given to show the effectiveness of the meshless method.

Improving Middle Square Method RNG Using Chaotic Map

One of the classic approaches in PRNGs is the middle square method in which with a simple mathe-matical model generating pseudorandom numbers in high speed and minimum correlation between output numbers. Despite these unique characteristics, the method contains weaknesses that a broader application of this algo- rithm will face. In this paper is studied middle square method and then a logistic chaotic map is introduced with its specific features and its improved weaknesses via using these characteristics. Finally the NIST tests suite s are presented, in order to detect the specific characteristics expected from truly random sequences.

Nondependent-derivative method to process nonlinear data in digital science engineering

Data, including the spatial data and the non-spatial data, are the basis of all digital scientific engineering projects, such as the digital earth and the digital nation, the digital mine. The spatial data have the characteristics of many sources, multi-dimension, multi-type, many time states and different accuracy. The spatial data firstly must be processed before using these data. The parameter estimation model to process the data is commonly the more complex nonlinear model including random parameters and non-random parameters. So a generalized nonlinear dynamic least squares method to process these data is put forward. According to the special structure of the generalized nonlinear dynamic least squares problem and the solution to the first order, a new solving model and a corresponding method to process the problem are put forward. The complex problem can be divided into two sub-problems so that the number of the unknown parameters is reduced largely. Therefore it reduces the computing difficulty and load.

Jacobi-Sobolev Orthogonal Polynomialsand Spectral Methods for Elliptic Boundary Value Problems

Generalized Jacobi polynomials with indexes α,β∈ R are introduced and some basic properties are established. As examples of applications,the second- and fourth-order elliptic boundary value problems with Dirichlet or Robin boundary conditions are considered,and the generalized Jacobi spectral schemes are proposed. For the diagonalization of discrete systems,the Jacobi-Sobolev orthogonal basis functions are constructed,which allow the exact solutions and the approximate solutions to be represented in the forms of infinite and truncated Jacobi series. Error estimates are obtained and numerical results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and the spectral accuracy.

PRECONDITIONED SOR METHODS FOR GENERALIZED LEAST-SQUARES PROBLEMS

We consider here iterative methods for the generalized least squares problem defined as min(Ax-b)TW-1 (Ax-b) with W symmetric and positive definite. We develop preconditioned SOR methods specially devised also for the augmented systems of the problem. We establish the convergence region for the relaxation parameter and discuss, for one of the resulting SOR methods, the optimal value of this parameter. The convergence analysis and numerical experiments show that the preconditioned block SOR methods are very good alternatives for solving the problem.

基于区域分解的圆锥壳-圆柱壳-圆锥壳组合结构自由振动

提出一种分区广义变分和最小二乘加权残值区域分解法来分析圆锥壳-圆柱壳-圆锥壳组合结构的自由振动。首先将组合结构分解为圆柱壳、圆锥壳子结构,为获取组合壳体的高阶振动特性,进一步将圆柱壳、圆锥壳子结构分解为圆柱壳段和圆锥壳段。采用分区广义变分和最小二乘加权残值法将各壳段分区界面上的位移和转角协调方程引入到组合壳体的势能泛函中,使组合壳体的振动分析问题,归结为在满足分区界面位移和转角协调条件下的无约束泛函变分问题。圆柱壳段及圆锥壳段位移变量的周向和轴向(或母线方向)分量分别以Fourier级数和Chebyshev多项式展开。将区域分解法计算出的组合壳体振动频率与有限元软件ANSYS结果进行对比发现,两者非常吻合,验证了区域分解方法的收敛性和计算精度。

圆锥壳-圆柱壳-球壳组合结构自由振动分析

基于Reissner薄壳理论,采用区域分解法分析了不同边界条件下圆锥壳-圆柱壳-球壳组合结构的自由振动。首先在壳体连接处将组合壳体分为独立的圆锥壳、圆柱壳和球壳,并将各个子壳体沿旋转轴线分解为若干自由壳段;然后将所有壳段分区界面(包括边界界面)的位移协调方程通过分区广义变分和最小二乘加权残值法引入到组合壳体的能量泛函中;最后将壳段位移场变量的周向分量和轴向分量分别以Fourier级数和Chebyshev多项式展开,通过变分后得到整个组合壳体的离散动力学方程。将区域分解法计算结果与有限元软件ANSYS计算结果进行对比,验证了区域分解法在分析圆锥壳-圆柱壳-球壳组合结构自由振动的正确性和计算精度,并分析了组合壳体长径比及厚径比对自由振动频率的影响。

基于区域分解的环肋圆柱壳-圆锥壳组合结构振动分析

提出了一种区域分解法来分析不同边界条件下环肋骨圆柱壳-圆锥壳组合结构的振动特性。首先把组合壳体分解为自由的圆柱壳、圆锥壳段;视环肋骨为离散元件,根据肋骨与圆柱壳段之间的变形协调条件,将肋骨的动能和应变能附加于圆柱壳段能量泛函中。然后基于分区广义变分和最小二乘加权残值法将所有分区界面的位移协调方程引入到组合壳体的能量泛函中。圆柱壳段、圆锥壳段位移变量的周向和轴向分量分别采用Fourier级数和Chebyshev多项式展开。以自由-自由、自由-固支和固支-固支边界条件的环肋骨组合壳体为例,采用区域分解法分析了其自由振动及在不同激励下的振动响应。通过与有限元软件ANSYS结果进行对比,发现两种方法计算结果非常吻合,验证了区域分解方法的计算精度和高效性。