The Effect of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Expression of hMSH2, hMLH1 and p53 in Gastric Carcinogenesis

Objective： To detect the expression of hMSH2, hMLH1 and p53 in gastric epithelial cells with and without Helicobactcr pylori （H. pylori） infection and investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection and these genes in gastric carcinogenesis. Methods： H. pylori infection was detected by rapid urease tests. Expression of hMSH2, hMLHland p53 in gastric cancer （GC） tissue, its adjacent mucosa, gastritic mucosa and normal mucosa was assessed by immunohistochemistry SP method. Results： Positive expression rate of hMSH2 in GC tissue （62.7%） was higher than those in adjacent mucosa （29.4%）, gastritic mucosa （32.4%） and normal mucosa （30.0%） （P〈0.001）. Positive rate of hMSH2 in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma （76.4%） was higher than those in other carcinomas （54.3%, 53.1%） （P〈0.05）. Positive expression rate of hMLH1 in GC tissue （64.3%） mucosa （82.4%） and normal mucosa （80.0%） was lower than those in adjacent mucosa （84.4%）, gastritic （P〈0.01）. Positive rate of hMLH1 in mucoid carcinoma （43.7%） was lower than those in other carcinomas （78.2%, 64.7%） （P〈0.01）. Positive expression rate of p53 in GC tissue （51.9%） was higher than those in adjacent mucosa （3.1%）, gastritic mucosa （0.0%） and normal mucosa （0.0%） （P〈0.001）. Positive rate of p53 in well differentiated adenocarcinoma （32.6%） was lower than those in other carcinomas （58.8%, 68.7%） （P〈0.01）. Positive rates of hMSH2 and hMLH1 in GC with H. pylori infection were lower than those without the infection, respectively （P〈0.05）. Positive rate of p53 in GC with H. pylori infection （61.4%） was higher than that without the infection （40.6%） （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Gastric carcinogenesis may be associated with abnormal expression of hMSH2, hMLH1 and p53; H. pylori infection affecting expression of these genes may be one of its carcinogenic mechanisms.

Analysis of Inactivation of hMLH1 by Promoter Hypermethylation and Microsatellite Instability in Gastric Carcinogenesis

OBJECTIVE To study the microsatellite instability (MSI) and methylation state of the hMLH1 gene promoter and their mechanisms underlying the development of gastric cancer. METHODS Forty-one gastric cancer samples were obtained from patients undergoing surgery and 46 chronic atrophic gastritis tissues with dysplasia or intestinal metaplasia (IM) were obtained from patients undergoing gastro-endoscopy. Fourteen normal gastric mucosal samples were used as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from the samples and 5 microsatellite markers were used to measure MSI. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to screen the methylation state of the samples. DNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed to verify the results. RESULTS MSI was identified in 22 out of the 41 (53.7%) gastric cancers, of which 8 cases showed high-level MSI (2 or more loci altered) and 14 showed low-level MSI (1 locus altered). MSI was also detected in 12 out of 46 (26.1%) pre-cancerous lesions of the stomach, whereas it was not seen in the normal tissue. Moreover, hMLH1 hypermethylation was detected in 17 out of the 41 (41.5%) gastric cancers, 9 out of the 46 (19.6%) pre-cancerous lesions and 0 out of the 14 normal tissue. Significant differences in frequency of MSI and hMLH1 promoter methylation were observed among gastric cancers, precancerous lesions and normal gastric tissue. Gastric samples with MSI had a tendency to be hypermethylated in the hMLH1 promoter. DNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry results also confirmed that hMLH1 promoter methylation could lead to loss of the hMLH1 protein and gene silence which sequentely resulted in gene mismatch and MSI. CONCLUSION Accumulation of MSI and hMLH1 promoter methylation may be important early molecular events during gastric carcinogenesis and may contribute to the acquisition of a transformed cell phenotype and the development of gastric cancer.

Comparative study of mutations in SNP loci of K-RAS, hMLH1 and h MSH2 genes in neoplastic intestinal polyps and colorectal cancer

AIM: To clarify the molecular mechanism involved in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer as well as clinical significance of genetic analysis of histological samples.

The Role of Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins hMSH2 and hMLH1 in Gastric Carcinogenesis and Its Clinical Significance

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of the mismatch repair proteins hMSH2 and hMLH1, and to examine the clinical significance of the intracellular expression site （ICES） in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS Specimens from 172 cases of gastric cancer, 151 tissues from paraneoplastic gastric mucosa and 34 from noncancerous gastric mucosa were collected in Dalain, China. An immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of the hMSH2, hMLH1 proteins and their ICES in the gastric mucosas. RESULTS The rate of hMSH2 expression in gastric cancers, paraneoplastic gastric mucosas and noncancerous gastric mucosas were respectively 69.8%, 49.7% and 32.4%. The rate was significantly higher in gastric cancer compared to the latter two groups （P=0.000）, but there was no obvious difference in the expression between the two latter groups （P=0.067）. The hMLH1 protein expression rates were respectively 73.3%, 57.6% and 41.2% in the above three groups. The expression was significantly higher in the gastric cancer group compared to the two latter groups （P=0.000）, while there was no significant difference between the latter groups （P=0.082）. There was no obvious correlation between the hMSH2 and hMLH1 protein expression rates and related factors, such as gender, age and differentiated level of gastric cancer etc. The cell-nuclear expression of the hMSH2 protein was respectively 70.0%, 58.7% and 36.4% in the gastric cancer, paraneoplastic gastric mucosa and noncancerous gastric mucosa groups. The cytoplasmic expression rates were 30.0%, 41.3% and 63.6% in the three groups. The cell-nuclear expression rate of the hMSH2 protein gradually decreased in the gastric mucosas in the following order： cancer, paraneoplastic and noncancerous but cytoplasmic expression only increased slightly in these groups （r=0.161, P=0.020）. There was no significant difference in the ICES of the hMLH1 protein among the three different gastric mucosas （P=0.659）. CONCLUSION Simultaneous determination of the expression and ICES of the mismatch repair proteins hMSH2 and hMLH1 in the gastric mucosa may be helpful in detecting early gastric cancer.

Knockdown of the atypical protein kinase genes GhABC1K2-A05 and GhABC1K12-A07 make cotton more sensitive to salt and PEG stress

Activity of bc1 complex kinase(ABC1K)is an atypical protein kinase(aPK)that plays a crucial role in plant mitochondrial and plastid stress responses,but little is known about the responses of ABC1Ks to stress in cotton(Gossypium spp.).Here,we identified 40 ABC1Ks in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)and found that the Gh ABC1Ks were unevenly distributed across 17 chromosomes.The GhABC1K family members included 35 paralogous gene pairs and were expanded by segmental duplication.The GhABC1K promoter sequences contained diverse cis-acting regulatory elements relevant to hormone or stress responses.The qRT-PCR results revealed that most Gh ABC1Ks were upregulated by exposure to different stresses.Gh ABC1K2-A05 and Gh ABC1K12-A07 expression levels were upregulated by at least three stress treatments.These genes were further functionally characterized by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).Compared with the controls,the Gh ABC1K2-A05-and Gh ABC1K12-A07-silenced cotton lines exhibited higher malondialdehyde(MDA)contents,lower catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities and reduced chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents under NaCl and PEG stress.In addition,the expression levels of six stress marker genes(Gh DREB2A,Gh SOS1,Gh CIPK6,Gh SOS2,Gh WRKY33,and Gh RD29A)were significantly downregulated after stress in the Gh ABC1K2-A05-and Gh ABC1K12-A07-silenced lines.The results indicate that knockdown of Gh ABC1K2-A05 and Gh ABC1K12-A07 make cotton more sensitive to salt and PEG stress.These findings can provide valuable information for intensive studies of Gh ABC1Ks in the responses and resistance of cotton to abiotic stresses.

The role of tazarotene-induced gene 1 in carcinogenesis:is it a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene?

Tazarotene-induced gene 1(TIG1)is induced by a derivative of vitamin A and is known to regulate many important biological processes and control the development of cancer.TIG1 is widely expressed in various tissues;yet in many cancer tissues,it is not expressed because of the methylation of its promoter.Additionally,the expression of TIG1 in cancer cells inhibits their growth and invasion,suggesting that TIG1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene.However,in some cancers,poor prognosis is associated with TIG1 expression,indicating its protumor growth characteristics,especially in promoting the invasion of inflammatory breast cancer cells.This review comprehensively summarizes the roles of the TIG1 gene in cancer development and details the mechanisms through which TIG1 regulates cancer development,with the aim of understanding its various roles in cancer development.

Candidate genes conferring ethylene-response in cultivated peanuts determined by BSA-seq and fine-mapping

Ethylene plays essential roles in plant growth,development and stress responses.The ethylene signaling pathway and molecular mechanism have been studied extensively in Arabidopsis and rice but limited in peanuts.Here,we established a sand-culture method to screen pingyangmycin mutagenized peanut lines based on their specific response to ethylene(“triple response”).An ethylene-insensitive mutant,inhibition of peanut hypocotyl elongation 1(iph1),was identified that showed reduced sensitivity to ethylene in both hypocotyl elongation and root growth.Through bulked segregant analysis sequencing,a major gene related to iph1,named AhIPH1,was preliminarily mapped at the chromosome Arahy.01,and further narrowed to a 450-kb genomic region through substitution mapping strategy.A total of 7014 genes were differentially expressed among the ACC treatment through RNA-seq analysis,of which only the Arahy.5BLU0Q gene in the candidate mapping interval was differentially expressed between WT and mutant iph1.Integrating sequence variations,functional annotation and transcriptome analysis revealed that a predicated gene,Arahy.5BLU0Q,encoding SNF1 protein kinase,may be the candidate gene for AhIPH1.This gene contained two single-nucleotide polymorphisms at promoter region and was more highly expressed in iph1 than WT.Our findings reveal a novel ethylene-responsive gene,which provides a theoretical foundation and new genetic resources for the mechanism of ethylene signaling in peanuts.

Pathogenesis of chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene:Hypotheses and conundrums

Chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene(CEAS)is a complex gastroenterological condition characterized by multiple ulcers in the small intestine with chronic bleeding and protein loss.This review explores the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CEAS,focusing on the role of SLCO2A1-encoded prostaglandin transporter OATP2A1 and its impact on prostaglandin E2(PGE2)levels.Studies have suggested that elevated PGE2 levels contribute to mucosal damage,inflammation,and disruption of the intestinal barrier.The effects of PGE2 on macrophage activation and Maxi-Cl channel functionality,as well as its interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play crucial roles in the progression of CEAS.Understanding the balance between its protective and pro-inflammatory effects and the complex interactions within the gastrointestinal tract can shed light on potential therapeutic targets for CEAS and guide the development of novel,targeted therapies.

New perspectives in prognostication of hepatocellular carcinoma:The role and clinical implications of transient receptor potential family genes

The study titled“Transient receptor potential-related risk model predicts prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients”is a significant contribution to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)research,highlighting the role of transient receptor potential(TRP)family genes in the disease’s progression and prognosis.Utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database,it establishes a new risk assessment model,emphasizing the interaction of TRP genes with tumor proliferation pathways,key metabolic reactions like retinol metabolism,and the tumor immune microenvironment.Notably,the overexpression of the TRPC1 gene in HCC correlates with poorer patient survival outcomes,suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and a target for personalized therapy,particularly in strategies combining immunotherapy and anti-TRP agents.

Understanding the role of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 in bladder cancer pathogenesis

In this editorial we comment on the article by Wei et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The authors investigated the role of Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1(TM9SF1)protein in bladder cancer(BC)carcinogenesis.Lentiviral vectors were used to achieve silencing or overexpression of TM9SF1 gene in three BC cell lines.These cell lines were then subject to cell counting kit 8,wound-healing assay,transwell assay,and flow cytometry.Proliferation,migration,and invasion of BC cells were increased in cell lines subjected to TM9SF1 overexpression.TM9SF1 silencing inhibited proliferation,migration and invasion of BC cells.The authors conclude that TM9SF1 may be an oncogene in bladder cancer pathogenesis.

Changes of p53 and Waf1p21 and cell proliferation in esophageal carcinogenesis

AIM To study the correlationship between the changes of p53, Waf1p21 and the cell proliferation determined by PCNA at different stages of human esophageal carcinogenesis. METHODS Biopsied and resected esophageal tissues from a high risk population for esophageal cancer in northern China were used in this study. All the specimens were fixed with 85% alcohol and further processed with routine histology. The avidin biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method was used for the detection of p53, Waf1p21 and PCNA. RESULTS The strong nuclear staining for p53, Waf1p21 and PCNA was observed in the normal esophageal epithelium and the epithelia with different severities of lesions. As the lesions progressed to dysplasia (DYS) and to esophageal squamons cell carcinoma (SCC), the percentage of Waf1p21 immunoreactivity decreased. The number of Waf1p21 immunostaining positive cells increased slightly from normal to basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), but there was no further increase in DYS and in SCC. The total number of positive cells for Waf1p21 stain appeared to be lower than that of p53 in normal and BCH esophageal epithelia and much lower in DYS and SCC. The Waf1p21 positive immunostaining cells were located at the third and forth cell layers in half of the samples examined, which was 2～4 cell layers higher than that of PCNA and p53 in the same histological categories of normal, BCH and DYS. CLNCLUSION The low levels of Waf1p21 at the stage of DYS may be related to a functional loss of p53. Other mechanisms may also be responsible to the lack of Waf1p21 expression in DYS and SCC.

大鼠Neurogenesin-1基因真核表达载体的构建及在cos-7细胞中的表达

目的克隆大鼠海马中Neurogenesin-1(Ng1)基因片段,构建pSecTag2/HygroB-Ng1真核表达载体,并检测其在cos-7细胞中的表达,为进一步研究该基因对脊髓神经干细胞分化的影响提供实验依据。方法在无RNA酶污染的条件下提取出大鼠海马总RNA。利用逆转录聚合酶链反应扩增出Ng1基因片段。将该基因片段连接到真核表达载体pSecTag2/HygroB,聚合酶链反应初步筛选,双酶切鉴定后送测序。将构建成功的重组真核表达载体转染入cos-7细胞,Westernblot鉴定重组Ng1蛋白的表达。结果逆转录聚合酶链反应成功获得大鼠Ng1cDNA。随机挑选10个重组真核表达载体的克隆,聚合酶链反应筛选出阳性克隆2个,经双酶切鉴定、测序及Blast分析鉴定重组质粒构建成功。脂质体介导转染cos-7细胞48h后,Westernblot鉴定重组Ng1蛋白在cos-7细胞中的表达,在46ku处出现阳性条带。结论大鼠海马Ng1基因的真核表达载体pSecTag2/HygroB-Ng1构建成功,转染cos-7细胞后能够表达重组Ng1蛋白。

NS特异性干扰载体pGenesil-1-NS的构建及鉴定

目的核干细胞因子(nucleostemin,NS)是维持干细胞和癌细胞增殖所必需的蛋白质,可能成为肿瘤基因治疗的潜在靶点.本文旨在构建靶向NS干扰载体p Genesil-1-NS,为后续实验奠定基础.方法基于已发布的NS mRNA序列(NM_206825),选取5'-AAGCCTA GGAAAGACCCAGG-3'(397-416)作为候选靶序列,按shRNA载体设计原则,设计合成两条互补DNA链,退火后插入载体,并以酶切和测序鉴定重组转化子.结果经酶切及测序鉴定证实合成序列正确插入载体.结论成功构建NS特异性干扰载体p Genesil-1-NS,可用于NS在肿瘤中的功能研究.

Study on the Function of ORF Genes of Porcine Circovirus-like Virus P1

[Objectives]This study was conducted to determine the functions of eight ORF genes of porcine circovirus-like virus P1.[Methods]The double-copy tandem molecular cloning of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 genome was used to construct molecular clones with eight ORFs deleted by DNA site-directed mutagenesis technology.After transfected into PK15 cells for a certain period of time,RNA were extracted and was used to verify whether the eight ORFs were deleted or not and used for gene microarry analysis.The GO functions and KEGG pathway enrichment of differentially expressed genes were analyzed.[Results]P1 ORF1 is mainly involved in the biological processes of defense response to virus,signal transduction,regulation of Rab GTPase activity,and lipid metabolic process,and involved in the molecular functions of protein phosphatase inhibitor activity,phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity,2 iron,2 sulfur cluster binding,phosphoric diester hydrolase activity,and Rab GTPase activator activity,and in the KEGG pathways of secretion of digestive gland and nervous system development.P1 ORF2 is mainly involved in the biological processes of positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis,positive regulation of cell proliferation,positive regulation of cell migration,defense response to virus,regulation of cell growth,and involved in the molecular functions of insulin-like growth factor binding,and chemokine activity,and in the KEGG pathways of cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway,RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway,toll-like receptor signaling pathway,chemokine signaling pathway,and cytokines,cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.The biological processes,molecular functions and related pathways involving P1 ORF3 and ORF5 are basically similar to those of ORF2.P1 ORF8 is mainly involved in the biological processes of purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process,amino acid transport,defense response to virus,amino acid transmembrane transport,and involved in molecular functions of N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase(fumarate-forming)activity,iron-sulfur cluster binding,amino acid transmembrane transporter activity.[Conclusions]The analysis of the ORF functions of P1 virus lays a foundation for the study of its pathogenicity and pathogenesis.

错配修复蛋白hMSH2 hMLH1表达在胃癌发生中的作用及临床意义

目的:探讨错配修复蛋白hMSH2、hMLH1表达及其在细胞内表达位置对胃癌发生的影响及临床意义。方法:收集大连医科大学附属第一医院胃癌标本172例、癌旁胃粘膜标本151例,非癌患者胃粘膜标本34例,应用免疫组织化学方法检测每例胃粘膜标本hMSH2、hMLH1蛋白的表达情况(包括其在细胞内表达位置),应用χ2检验,Spearman等级相关分析在SPSS13.0统计软件上作相关统计。结果:胃癌、癌旁胃粘膜和非癌患者胃粘膜hMSH2蛋白表达率分别为69.8%(120/172)、49.7%(75/151)和32.4%(11/34),胃癌组显著高于后两组(P=0.000),而后两组间无显著性差异(P=0.067);hMLH1蛋白表达率分别为73.3%(126/172)、57.6%(87/151)和41.2%(14/34),胃癌组显著高于后两组(P=0.000),而后两组间无显著性差异(P=0.082)。hMSH2和hMLH1蛋白表达率与胃癌患者的性别、年龄及胃癌分化程度均无显著相关关系。胃癌、癌旁胃粘膜和非癌患者胃粘膜hMSH2蛋白细胞核表达率分别为70.0%(84/120)、58.7%(44/75)和36.4%(4/11),细胞浆表达率分别为30.0%(36/120)、41.3%(31/75)和63.6%(7/11);胃癌、癌旁胃粘膜、非癌患者胃粘膜中,hMSH2蛋白细胞核表达率逐渐降低,而细胞浆表达率则逐渐增高(r=0.161,P=0.020)。三种不同胃粘膜间,hMLH1蛋白在细胞内表达位置无显著性差异(P=0.878)。结论:同时检测胃粘膜错配修复蛋白hMSH2和hMLH1的表达及其细胞内表达位置可能有助于胃癌的早期预警。

Cotton Plants Transformed with the Activated Chimeric Cry1Ac and API-B Genes

A chimeric gene, Bt29K, composed of coding sequences of activated Cry1Ac insecticidal protein and an endoplasm reticulum-retarding signal peptide, was synthesized. A plant expression vector containing two expression cassettes for the Bt29K and API-B genes was constructed. These two insect-resistant genes were transferred into two cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties ( or lines) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and nine homozygous transgenic cotton lines showing a mortality of 90.0% - 99.7% to cotton ballworm (Heliothis armigera) larvae and good agronomic traits were selected through six generations. Molecular biology analysis revealed that one or two copies of the insecticidal protein genes were integrated into the transgenic cotton genome and activated Cry1Ac and API-B protein expression was at a level of 0.17% and 0.09% of the total soluble protein in the transgenic cotton leaves, respectively. Comparison of the insect-resistance of the homozygous lines expressing the activated chimeric Cry1Ac and API-B with that expressing Cry1Ac only revealed that the insect-resistance of the former is apparently higher than the latter. These results also indicate that the strategy to construct a plant expression vector expressing two different insect-resistant genes reported here is reasonable.

Reprimo 和 hMLH1基因甲基化在胃癌早期诊断价值的研究

目的：探讨 Reprimo 和 hMLH1基因启动子区甲基化检测在胃癌早期诊断中的价值。方法通过陕西省人民医院2013年9月-2014年4月收治的慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者50例、异型增生患者50例、胃癌患者50例，取内镜下胃活检组织，并取正常胃黏膜活检组织30例作为对照组，分析 Reprimo 基因和 hMLH1基因启动子区甲基化表达情况，比较各组患者间的差异。结果患者组的胃黏膜组织中 Reprimo 基因和 hMLH1基因启动子区甲基化阳性率显著高于正常组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。Reprimo 基因启动子区甲基化阳性率：慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生组28％（χ^2＝10.18，P ＜0.05）；异型增生组56％（χ^2＝25.84，P ＜0.05）；胃癌组62％（χ^2＝30.36，P ＜0.05）；hMLH1基因启动子区甲基化阳性率：慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生组20％（χ^2＝4.39，P ＜0.05）；异型增生组44％（χ^2＝15.13，P ＜0.05）；胃癌组48％（χ^2＝17.41，P ＜0.05），检测的特异度高。结论Reprimo 和 hMLH1基因甲基化检测在胃癌早期诊断中的价值很高，特异度高，是一种有效的诊断方式，在患者的临床诊断方面拥有广阔的治疗前景。

The Role of Predominant Expression of Th2 Type Cytokines Gene in the Genesis and Development of Human Gliomas

Objective: To explore the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines gene in human gliomas and its role in the genesis and development of human gliomas.Methods: Using IL-2 and IFNγ as Th1 type cytokines, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 as Th2 type cytokines, the biological activity of cytokines in the supernatant of glioma cell lines was assayed by ELISA method, and the gene expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in human glioma cells, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes and glioma cell lines were detected by RT-PCR.Results: There was predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma cells, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes and glioma cell lines, but there was no such expression in normal brain tissues.Conclusion: It suggested that there is a relationship between the Th2 type cytokines expression in human gliomas and the immunosupressive status of human glioma patients. The predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines may play an important role in the genesis and development of human gliomas. Key words glioma - Th1/Th2 - gene expression - RT-PCR This project was supported by a grant from National Natural Sciences foundation of China (No. 30271335).

The Effects of Dwarfing Genes (Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, and Rht8) with Different Sensitivity to GA_3 on the Coleoptile Length and Plant Height of Wheat

Understanding the effects of wheat dwarfing genes on the coleoptile length and plant height is crucial for the proper utilization of dwarfing genes in the improvement of wheat yield. Molecular marker analysis combined with pedigree information were used to classify wheat cultivars widely planted in major wheat growing regions in China into different categories based on the dwarfing genes they carried. The effects of the dwarfing genes with different sensitivity to gibberellins （GA3） on the coleoptile length and plant height were analyzed. Screening of 129 cultivars by molecular marker analysis revealed that 58 genotypes of wheat contained the dwarfing gene Rht-B1b, 24 genotypes of wheat contained Rht-D1b gene and 73 genotypes of wheat possessed Rht8 gene. In addition, among these 129 cultivars, 35 genotypes of wheat cultivars contained both Rht-B1b and Rht8 genes and 16 genotypes of wheat cultivars contained both Rht-D1b and Rht8 genes. Wheat cultivars with the dwarfing genes Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b were insensitive to GA3, while the cultivars with the dwarfing gene Rht8 were sensitive to GA3. Most of the wheat genotypes containing combination of Rht8 gene with either Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b gene were insensitive to GA3. The plant height was reduced by 24.6, 30.4, 28.2, and 32.2%, respectively, for the wheat cultivars containing Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1b ＋ Rht8, and Rht-D1b ＋ Rht8 genes. The plant height was reduced by 14.3% for the wheat cultivar containing GA3-sensitive gene Rht8. The coleoptile length was shortened by 25.4, 31.3, 28.4 and 31.3%, respectively, in the wheat cultivars containing Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1b ＋Rht8 and Rht-D1b ＋ Rht8 genes, while the coleoptile length was shortened only by 6.2% for the wheat cultivar containing Rht8 gene. We conclude that GA3-insensitive dwarfing genes （Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b） are not suitable for the wheat improvement in dryland because these two genes have effect on reducing both plant height and coleoptile length. In contrast, GA3- sensitive dwarfing gene （Rht8） is a relatively ideal candidate for the wheat improvement since it significantly reduces the plant height of wheat, but has less effect on the coleoptile length.

EMP-1 Promotes Tumorigenesis of NSCLC through PI3K/AKT Pathway

This study examined the role of EMP-1 in tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and the possible mechanism. Specimens were collected from 28 patients with benign lung diseases and 28 with NSCLC, and immunohis to chemically detected to evaluate the correlation of EMP-1 expression to the clinical features of NSCLC. Recombinant adenovirus was constructed to over-express EMP-1 and then infect PC9 cells. Cell proliferation was measured by Ki67 staining. Western blotting was performed to examine the effect of EMP-1 on the PI3K/AKT signaling. Moreover, tumor xeno-grafts were established by subcutaneous injection of PC9 cell suspension (about 5×107/mL in 100 μL of PBS) into the right hind limbs of athymic nude mice. The results showed EMP-1 was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC patients as compared with those with benign lung diseases. Over-expression of EMP-1 promoted proliferation of PC9 cells, which coincided with the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. EMP-1 promoted the growth of xenografts of PC9 cells in athymic nude mice. It was concluded that EMP-1 expression may contribute to the development and progress of NSCLC by activating PI3K/AKT pathway.