16S rRNA Gene Phylogenesis of Culturable Predominant Bacteria from Diseased Apostichopus japonicus(Holothuroidea,Echinodermata)

Cultured Apostichopus japonicus in China suffers from a kind of skin ulceration disease that has caused severe economic loss in recent years. The disease,pathogens of which are supposed to be bacteria by most researchers,is highly infectious and can often cause all individuals in the same culture pool to die in a very short time. The 16S rRNA gene phylogenesis of the culturable bacteria from the lesions of diseased individuals was conducted to study the biodiversity of the bacterial communities in the lesions and to identify probable pathogen(s) associated with this kind of disease. S. japonica samples were selected from a hatchery located in the eastern part of Qingdao,China. Bacterial universal primers GM5F and DS907R were used to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria colonies,and touchdown PCR was performed to amplify the target sequences. The results suggest that γ-proteobacteria(Alteromonadales and Vibrionales) of CFB group,many strains of which have been also determined as pathogens in other marine species,are the predominant bacterial genera of the diseased Apostichopus japonicus individuals.

Effects of Evolution Rate of Cyt b and 12S rRNA Genes on Constructing Phylogenetic Trees

[Objective]The aim was to prove that the mitochondrial genes of Cyt b and 12S rRNA with different evolutional rates have effects on the topological structures of phylogenetic trees.[Method]The complete sequences of Cyt b and 12S rRNA from 15 species in 12 families of snakes were downloaded and extracted from GenBank,while their molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed by Maximum Likelihood（ML） method with GTR ＋I ＋G substitute model based on PAUP4.0 software.[Result]With the same software,methods and species,the difference in topological structures of phylogenetic trees was mainly due to different evolutional rates of Cyt b and 12S rRNA genes.[Conclusion]In studies on phylogenetic trees,aimed to different research species and purposes,phylogenetic trees should be constructed by choosing the correct and appropriate genes.

Evolution of 5S rRNA Genes in Ophiopogon xylorrhizus Wang et Dai and O. sylvicola Wang et Tang (Convallariaceae)

To reveal how a large gene family evolved in the highly organized genome, the present study sequenced 294 copies of 5S rRNA genes from six individuals of three populations of Ophiopogon xylorrhizus Wang et Dai, and 45 copies from its closest species, O. sylvicola Wang et Tang. Based on the sequences the gene-phylogeny was inferred through PAUP. The sequences were highly diversified. Of the 339 randomly cloned copies, only 13 pairs (3.8%) were identical, with length varied between 307 - 548 bp (average 438.6 bp). The sequence differentiation index (SDI) in O. xylorrhints was 0.078, in O. sylvicola was 0.032, and between these two species was 0.149. In the most parsimonious tree reconstructed, all of the 294 copies of O. xylorrhizus were grouped into one clade, and those of O. sylvicola were grouped into another clade with 100% bootstrap support. The result demonstrated that the copies of 5S rRNA genes originated from just one progenitor copy, 'founder copy', in both of the species respectively, followed by a series of proliferation, and little, if any, homogenization ever occurred in the copies. As the common ancestor of the two species must have home multiple copies of the genes, all the other copies were lost during or after the speciation. Additionally, the phylogeny clearly showed that the founder copy was proliferated continuously through time, not just once. O. xylorrhizus is an extremely endangered species in which high genetic diversity, selfing and depression on seedlings were observed previously. In our study the sequences from different populations or different individuals were mixed in the branches of the O. xylorrhizus clade, although they evolved independently. It is assumed that gene flow of the species happened much more frequently in the past, making the proliferated copies dispersed to different populations, and the species maintained an amount of genetic diversity. Therefore, the selfing and seedling depression would be the result of a recent event. We suggest that some changes in outer mechanisms, such as the pollinators or seed-dispersers, might cause the species selfed, depressed and, finally, endangered.

SNORA23 inhibits HCC tumorigenesis by impairing the 2'-O-ribose methylation level of 28S rRNA

Objective:The dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis is associated with the progression of numerous tumors,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Small nucleolar RNAs(sno RNAs)regulate ribosome biogenesis by guiding the modification of ribosomal RNAs(r RNAs).However,the underlying mechanism of this process in HCC remains elusive.Methods:RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing were used to analyze RNAs targeted by ribosome proteins.The biological functions of SNORA23 were examined in HCC cells and a xenograft mouse model.To elucidate the underlying mechanisms,the 2′-O-ribose methylation level of r RNAs was evaluated by q PCR,and the key proteins in the PI3 K/Akt/m TOR pathway were detected using Western blot.Results:Twelve sno RNAs were found to co-exist in 4 cancer cell lines using RPS6 pull-down assays.SNORA23 was downregulated in HCC and correlated with the poor prognoses of HCC patients.SNORA23 inhibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo.We also found that SNORA23 regulated ribosome biogenesis by impairing 2′-O-ribose methylation of cytidine4506 of 28 S r RNA.Furthermore,SNORA23,which is regulated by the PI3 K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway,significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of 4 E binding protein 1.SNORA23 and rapamycin blocked the PI3 K/AKT/m TOR signaling pathway and impaired HCC growth in vivo.Conclusions:SNORA23 exhibited antitumor effects in HCC and together with rapamycin,provided a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.

DNA barcoding of fishes from Zhoushan coastal waters using mitochondrial COI and 12S rRNA genes

Accurate species identification is a key component of biodiversity research.DNA barcoding is an effective molecular method used for fish species identification.We aimed to study the DNA barcoding of fish in Zhoushan coastal waters,explore the differences and applicability of two gene fragments(12S rRNA and COI)of DNA barcoding in fish species identification,and established a comprehensive fish barcoding reference database.Two hundred and eighty-seven captured fish samples from Zhoushan coastal waters were identified using morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding.A total of 26412S rRNA sequences(belonging to eight orders,31 families,55 genera,and 66 species)and 188 COI sequences(belonging to seven orders,30 families,48 genera,and 58 species)were obtained.The lengths of the 12S rRNA sequences ranged from 165 to 178 bp,and the guanine-cytosine(GC)content was 45.37%.The average 12S rRNA interspecific and intraspecific genetic distances(K2P)were 0.10%and 26.66%,respectively.The length of the COI sequence ranged 574–655 bp,and the content of GC was 45.97%.The average 12S rRNA interspecific and intraspecific genetic distances(K2P)were 0.16%and 27.45%,respectively.The minimum interspecific genetic distances of 12S rRNA and COI(1.23%and 1.86%)were both greater than their maximum intraspecific genetic distances(2.42%and 8.66%).Three molecular analyses(NJ tree,ABGD,and GMYC)were performed to accurately identify and delineate species.Clustering errors occurred when the 12S rRNA sequences were delimited using the NJ tree method,and the delimitation results of ABGD and GMYC are consistent with the final species identification results.Our results demonstrate that DNA barcoding based on 12S rRNA and COI can be used as an effective tool for fish species identification,and 12S rRNA has good application prospects in the environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding of marine fish.

Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the chloroplast 16S rRNA, tufA, and rbcL genes from Bryopsis hypnoides

Using shotgun sequencing data, the complete sequences of chloroplast 16S rRNA and tufA genes were acquired from native specimens of Bryopsis hypnoides (Qingdao, China). There are two group I introns in the 16S rRNA gene, which is structurally similar to that of Caulerpa sertularioides (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta). The chloroplast-encoded tufA gene sequence is 1 230 bp long, very AT-rich (61.5%), and is similar to previously published 16S rRNA sequences of bryopsidinean algae. Phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast 16S rRNA and tufA gene sequence data support previous hypotheses that the Bryopsidineae, Halimedineae, and Ostreobidineae are three distinct lineages. These results also confirmed the exclusion of Avrainvillea from the family Udoteaceae. Phylogenetic analyses inferred that the genus Bryopsis as sister to Derbesia; however, this clade lacked robust nodal support. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree inferred from rbcL GenBank sequences, combined with the geographical distributions of Bryopsis species, identified a strongly supportive clade for three differently distributed Asian Bryopsis species. The preliminary results suggesting that these organisms are of distinct regional endemism.

Detection of 16S rRNA Methylase Genes in Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Hospitals in Changchun, China

Methylation of 16S rRNA is an important mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance among gram-negative pathogens. In this report, 16S rRNA methylase genes were amplified using PCR among gram-negative bacillus isolates from hospitals in the Changchun area of China and 16S rRNA methylase genotypes (armA, rmtB, rmtA, rmtC, rmtD, and npmA) were identified by direct sequencing. Fifty of the isolates (43.1%) harbored 16S rRNA methylase genes. The common 16S rRNA methylase genes were armA and rmtB (12.1% and 31.0%, respectively), whereas the rmtA, rmtC, rmtD, and npmA genes were absent from the sample. It suggests that the predominant 16S rRNA methylase genes among gramnegative bacilli in the Changchun area are armA and rmtB.

The Clam Cyclina sinensis (Gmelin) Phylogeography Study with 28S rRNA Gene and Potential of Nuclear rRNA Genes in Genetic Assessments of Molluscs

Intraspecific diversity of molluscan species is usually studied based on maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA,from which only part of the evolutionary history can be reflected.Some nuclear ribosomal RNA genes such as 28S rRNA represent poten-tial candidates that can be easily applied in phylogeography because of lacking intraindividual variation.However,considering their low polymorphism,genetic appraisals on whether and how they can be used in population studies are necessary.Here,we applied a short 28S rRNA to assess genetic patterns of the clam Cyclina sinensis along the coast of China and compared the results with a for-mer study based on COI and ITS-1 analyses.The results revealed the 28S rRNA data set was characterized by an extremely low level of variation,with only seven haplotypes defined for 93 individuals.Haplotype and nucleotide diversity for each population was al-most the lowest when compared with the other two markers.However,the distribution of two dominant haplotypes showed clear geo-graphic patterns,and significant population differentiation was revealed between the East China Sea and the South China Sea.These patterns were highly concordant with findings of the former study that populations of C.sinensis were historically separated by land bridges among sea basins.Our study suggested that although the nuclear rRNAs have shortcomings such as low variation,they have advantages including lack of intraindividual variation and high amplification rates.Applying rRNA genes can enrich the toolbox of nuclear markers in molluscan phylogeographic studies.

Spacer Length Variation in Rice 5SrRNA Genes Revealed by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to amplify 5S rRNA spacer from wild rice(Oryza rufipogon and O.nivara) and cultivated rice(indica and japonica varieties of O.sativa L).The results show that there is spacer length variation within and between species,and the typical indica and japonica varieties have their unique banding patterns of amplified 5S rRNA spacers,whereas intermediate showed no specific amplification profile of spacer regions.The 5S rRNA genes in intermediate are either identical with that of indica variety or that of japonica variety.These data suggest that the spacer length polymorphisms can be used to distinguish between closely ralated species and subspecies.

Comprehensive analysis of the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection and liver cancer

BACKGROUND A growing number of clinical examples suggest that coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)appears to have an impact on the treatment of patients with liver cancer compared to the normal population,and the prevalence of COVID-19 is significantly higher in patients with liver cancer.However,this mechanism of action has not been clarified.Gene sets for COVID-19(GSE180226)and liver cancer(GSE87630)were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.After identifying the common differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of COVID-19 and liver cancer,functional enrichment analysis,protein-protein interaction network construction and scree-ning and analysis of hub genes were performed.Subsequently,the validation of the differential expression of hub genes in the disease was performed and the regulatory network of transcription factors and hub genes was constructed.RESULTS Of 518 common DEGs were obtained by screening for functional analysis.Fifteen hub genes including aurora kinase B,cyclin B2,cell division cycle 20,cell division cycle associated 8,nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1,etc.,were further identified from DEGs using the“cytoHubba”plugin.Functional enrichment analysis of hub genes showed that these hub genes are associated with P53 signalling pathway regulation,cell cycle and other functions,and they may serve as potential molecular markers for COVID-19 and liver cancer.Finally,we selected 10 of the hub genes for in vitro expression validation in liver cancer cells.CONCLUSION Our study reveals a common pathogenesis of liver cancer and COVID-19.These common pathways and key genes may provide new ideas for further mechanistic studies.

基于线粒体16S rRNA基因的鹅肉源性成分鉴别方法研究

研究旨在建立基于线粒体16S rRNA基因的鹅源性成分鉴别方法。试验以鹅源性DNA为阳性模板,以猪、牛、羊、鸽、鹌鹑、火鸡、鸡和鸭等8个物种DNA为干扰模板的混合模板,设计筛选出鹅特异性引物,进行PCR和荧光定量PCR(qPCR)反应,并将鹅肉DNA模板浓度按101~1088个梯度进行稀释,检测方法灵敏度。结果显示:所设计的引物仅对鹅肉DNA有特异性扩增,对鹅以外的其他8个物种均没有扩增;当鹅肉DNA模板稀释104倍,PCR扩增条带仍然清晰;当稀释倍数达到107时,仍有较好的扩增曲线,且Ct值小于35。研究表明,建立的畜禽肉中鹅源性成分PCR和qPCR鉴别方法不仅具有良好的特异性,而且具有较高的灵敏性,为食品中鹅源性成分的鉴别提供了新途径。

Identification of hub genes associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus:A pilot bioinformatics study

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is related to various extragastric diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the possible mechanisms connecting H.pylori infection and T2DM remain unknown.AIM To explore potential molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.METHODS We extracted gene expression arrays from three online datasets(GSE60427,GSE27411 and GSE115601).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)commonly present in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM were identified.Hub genes were validated using human gastric biopsy samples.Correlations between hub genes and immune cell infiltration,miRNAs,and transcription factors(TFs)were further analyzed.RESULTS A total of 67 DEGs were commonly presented in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM.Five significantly upregulated hub genes,including TLR4,ITGAM,C5AR1,FCER1G,and FCGR2A,were finally identified,all of which are closely related to immune cell infiltration.The gene-miRNA analysis detected 13 miRNAs with at least two gene cross-links.TF-gene interaction networks showed that TLR4 was coregulated by 26 TFs,the largest number of TFs among the 5 hub genes.CONCLUSION We identified five hub genes that may have molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of H.pylori-induced onset of T2DM.

Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of a Marine Urostylid Ciliate Apokeronopsis wrighti(Protista, Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

Hypotrichs are one of the highly differentiated ciliated lineages which play important roles in ecological, environmental,evolutionary and basic biological studies. In the present study, we investigated the living characteristics, infraciliature, nuclear apparatus, ontogenesis and phylogenetic position of a marine hypotrichous ciliate, Apokeronopsis wrighti Long et al., 2008, which was isolated from coastal waters in Shenzhen, China. The new isolate resembles the type population in terms of morphological characteristics, morphometrics, and SSU rRNA gene sequence that is with a 99.7% similarity. Ontogenesis of A. wrighti is characterized by oral primordium for the proter as well as marginal and dorsal kineties anlagen in both filial products formed de novo, and the cirral row arranged along the paroral and endoral arises from several anterior frontoventral-transverse cirral streaks. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU and concatenated gene data suggest that five species of Apokeronopsis form a monophyletic clade, and the genus Apokeronopsis is closely related to Thigmokeronopsis and Metaurostylopsis.

Key genes and regulatory networks for diabetic retinopathy based on hypoxia-related genes:a bioinformatics analysis

AIM:To prevent neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy(DR)patients and partially control disease progression.METHODS:Hypoxia-related differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified from the GSE60436 and GSE102485 datasets,followed by gene ontology(GO)functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.Potential candidate drugs were screened using the CMap database.Subsequently,a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed to identify hypoxia-related hub genes.A nomogram was generated using the rms R package,and the correlation of hub genes was analyzed using the Hmisc R package.The clinical significance of hub genes was validated by comparing their expression levels between disease and normal groups and constructing receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)curves.Finally,a hypoxia-related miRNA-transcription factor(TF)-Hub gene network was constructed using the NetworkAnalyst online tool.RESULTS:Totally 48 hypoxia-related DEGs and screened 10 potential candidate drugs with interaction relationships to upregulated hypoxia-related genes were identified,such as ruxolitinib,meprylcaine,and deferiprone.In addition,8 hub genes were also identified:glycogen phosphorylase muscle associated(PYGM),glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase spermatogenic(GAPDHS),enolase 3(ENO3),aldolase fructose-bisphosphate C(ALDOC),phosphoglucomutase 2(PGM2),enolase 2(ENO2),phosphoglycerate mutase 2(PGAM2),and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3(PFKFB3).Based on hub gene predictions,the miRNA-TF-Hub gene network revealed complex interactions between 163 miRNAs,77 TFs,and hub genes.The results of ROC showed that the except for GAPDHS,the area under curve(AUC)values of the other 7 hub genes were greater than 0.758,indicating their favorable diagnostic performance.CONCLUSION:PYGM,GAPDHS,ENO3,ALDOC,PGM2,ENO2,PGAM2,and PFKFB3 are hub genes in DR,and hypoxia-related hub genes exhibited favorable diagnostic performance.

Identification and Validation of Vascular-Associated Biomarkers for the Prognosis and Potential Pathogenesis of Hypertension Using Comprehensive Bioinformatics Methods

Background: Hypertension, also known as increased blood pressure, is a phenomenon in which blood flows in blood vessels and causes persistently higher-than-normal pressure on the vessel wall. The identification of novel prognostic and pathogenesis biomarkers plays a key role in the management of hypertension. Methods: The GSE7483 and GSE75815 datasets from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database were used to identify the genes associated with hypertension that were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The functional role of the DEGs was elucidated by gene body (GO) enrichment analysis. In addition, we performed an immune infiltration assay and GSEA on the DEGs of hypertensive patients and verified the expression of novel DEGs in the blood of hypertensive patients by RT-qPCR. Results: A total of 267 DEGs were identified from the GEO database. GO analysis revealed that these genes were associated mainly with biological processes such as fibroblast proliferation, cell structural organization, extracellular matrix organization, vasculature development regulation, and angiogenesis. We identified five possible biomarkers, Ecm1, Sparc, Sphk1, Thbsl, and Mecp2, which correlate with vascular development and angiogenesis characteristic of hypertension by bioinformatics, and explored the clinical expression levels of these genes by RT-qPCR, and found that Sparc, Sphk1, and Thbs1 showed significant up-regulation, in agreement with the results of the bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion: Our study suggested that Sparc, Sphk1 and Thbs1 may be potential novel biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hypertension and that they are involved in the regulation of vascular development and angiogenesis in hypertension.

基于16S rRNA测序的观赏桃根系微生物多样性研究

观赏桃作为重要的园艺植物,其根际微生物群落对其生长和健康具有重要影响。本研究通过16S rRNA测序技术,分析了不同观赏桃品种根际微生物群落的多样性和结构特征,旨在揭示其微生物群落的差异性和互作关系。研究发现,不同观赏桃品种的Shannon多样性指数存在显著差异,“紫叶垂枝”(ZYCZ)显示出最高的多样性,而“中二乔”(ZEQ)和“烟云”(YY)等品种的多样性较低。此外,“紫叶垂枝”(ZYCZ)在特定分类群中的相对丰度较高,表现出明显的优势地位。研究还揭示了根际微生物群落之间的显著互作关系,如变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)之间的正相关关系,以及有益微生物与病原菌之间的负相关关系。本研究为观赏桃根际微生物群落的多样性和互作关系提供了新的见解,有助于优化观赏桃的种植和管理策略。未来将进一步研究微生物群落在根际环境中的具体功能、微生物-植物互作机制、环境因素的影响以及群落的长期动态变化,旨在提升观赏植物的健康生长和农业生产的可持续性。

基于16S rRNA测序分析银屑病小鼠皮肤及肠道微生态菌群

目的:基于16S rRNA分析银屑病小鼠与对照组皮肤及肠道微生态菌群的不同,探讨银屑病发病的关键菌群。方法:12例小鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,收集皮肤及粪便样本,采用16S rRNA测序方法检测。结果:与对照组相比,实验组皮肤菌群中相对丰度降低的有拟杆菌门、红蝽菌纲、毛螺菌目、理研菌科等,相对丰度升高的有厚壁菌门、芽孢杆菌纲、葡萄球菌目等,实验组肠道中相对丰度降低的有拟杆菌门、α-变形菌纲、乳杆菌目等,相对丰度升高的有弯曲杆菌门、梭状芽孢杆菌纲、毛螺菌目等。LefSe分析表明,小鼠皮肤菌群中红蝽菌纲、拟杆菌纲、乳杆菌目、葡萄球菌目等起主要作用,肠道菌群中拟杆菌纲、梭状芽孢杆菌纲、肠杆菌目、毛螺菌目等起主要作用。MetagenomeSeq分析结果显示,两组皮肤和肠道菌群的物种组成及功能在门、纲、目、科、属、种水平上均存在差异,有统计学意义。结论:银屑病小鼠免疫系统受累,皮肤及肠道屏障功能破坏,菌群丰度发生改变,进一步验证了肠-免疫-皮肤轴的相关性。

基于16S rRNA基因及宏基因组测序解析藏猪肠道菌群组成特征

【目的】旨在通过分析藏猪肠道菌群组成及其功能注释,探讨藏猪肠道菌群与其耐粗饲和抗逆性能的关系。【方法】以66头藏猪粪便微生物为试验材料,提取DNA样本,利用16S rRNA基因测序技术分析在门水平和属水平藏猪的肠道菌群组成,构建共有核心菌的菌群互作网络,结合27头藏猪肠道微生物宏基因组测序数据,进行KEGG通路和碳水化合物代谢酶(CAZymes)数据库注释分析,以期阐明与藏猪纤维代谢能力强和抗病力等优良特性相关的功能通路。【结果】(1)16S rRNA测序分析结果显示,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(39.34%~60.72%)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(24.65%~38.5%)在藏猪肠道微生物门水平上占优势,而在属水平则依次是普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、密螺旋体属(Treponema)和琥珀酸弧菌属(Succinivibrio)的丰度最高;(2)利用Cytoscape软件构建藏猪肠道样品中共有的26个核心菌属之间的互作网络,各菌群在网络中存在合作关系和竞争关系,证明藏猪肠道菌群结构比较稳定;(3)宏基因组鸟枪法测序结果显示,在KEGG功能注释中藏猪肠道主要富集营养物质合成代谢和遗传信息处理相关通路,包括氨基酸的生物合成、碳代谢、群体感应通路等。此外,使用CAZymes数据库注释显示藏猪肠道中的糖基转移酶(GTs)基因家族相对丰度最高,主要为GT2、GT4和GT41基因,其次是糖苷水解酶基因家族(GHs)的GH13、GH2和GH3基因。【结论】藏猪具有丰富且独特的微生物组成和功能通路,与免疫和抗病相关的疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia)是藏猪肠道特有的高丰度菌属,可能与藏猪适应高海拔低氧低温的环境及其抗病性能有关;与粗纤维代谢相关的密螺旋体属Treponema、Sphaerochaeta、纤维杆菌属Fibrobacter在藏猪肠道中富集,能够帮助藏猪降解饲粮中的粗纤维,适应半放牧的饲养模式。研究结果有助于了解肠道微生物在藏猪耐粗饲和抗逆性中的作用机制,为今后对藏猪优良特性的开发利用提供新的思路。

基于16S rRNA测序的1型和2型糖尿病大鼠肠道菌群差异

通过16S rRNA测序分析T1DM与T2DM大鼠肠道菌群的差异。Alpha多样性分析显示,T1DM组和T2DM组肠道菌群多样性和均匀度均高于对照组,Beta多样性分析显示不同组样本间存在差异且有很好的聚类。在门水平上,T1DM和T2DM大鼠肠道菌群以Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes为主,Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)比例相比于对照组增加,且T2DM组高于T1DM组。与对照组相比,T1DM组Actinobacteria丰度显著增加,Anaerofustis丰度显著降低。在T2DM大鼠中,Proteobacteria、Oscillospira丰度显著增加。Oscillospira丰度在T2DM组增加,在T1DM组无明显差异。Rhodococcus为T1DM组的特有属,Coprobacillus和Roseburia为T2DM组的特有属。研究结果表明大鼠肠道菌群失调与T1DM和T2DM密切相关,可为T1DM和T2DM患者的个性化治疗提供科学依据。

基于16S rRNA测序分析高低饲料转化率猪粪便微生物的组成差异

提高猪饲料转化率是目前猪育种工作的重点,本研究对384头三元杂交母猪的FCR值进行排序,从中选取两端高饲料转化率(HFCR组)和低饲料转化率(LFCR组)猪各10头,采集粪便进行微生物16S rRNA基因测序分析。结果表明,LFCR组的Richness指数、Chao1指数、ACE指数均极显著高于HFCR组(P<0.01)。通过LEfSe分析,在属水平上筛选两组间具有显著差异的微生物,其中,在LFCR组筛选LDA>3的微生物主要是Prevotella_1、Treponema_2、Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group、Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group、p-1088-a5_gut_group、Prevotella_9、阿克曼菌属、Prevotellaceae_UCG_009、Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014、Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group,在HFCR组LDA>3的微生物主要是巨球藻属、小类杆菌属、链型杆菌属、假丁酸弧菌属、柯林斯氏菌、Solobacterium、罕见小球菌属、链球菌属。Spearman相关性分析结果表明,与FCR显著负相关的微生物大多与短链脂肪酸的产生有关,而与FCR显著正相关的微生物多数为潜在的致病性细菌。本研究通过筛选高、低饲料转化率猪粪便中的差异微生物,并对差异微生物丰度与饲料转化率性状进行相关性分析,最终筛选到与饲料转化率显著关联的粪便微生物,为猪饲料转化率性状的肠道微生物育种标记筛选提供一定参考。