Impact of homeobox genes in gastrointestinal cancer

Homeobox genes, including HOX and non-HOX genes, have been identified to be expressed aberrantly in solid tumors. In gastrointestinal(GI) cancers, most studies have focused on the function of non-HOX genes including caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 1(CDX1) and CDX2. CDX2 is a crucial factor in the development of pre-cancerous lesions such as Barrett's esophagus or intestinal metaplasia in the stomach, and its tumor suppressive role has been investigated in colorectal cancers. Recently, several HOX genes were reported to have specific roles in GI cancers; for example, HOXA13 in esophageal squamous cell cancer and HOXB7 in stomach and colorectal cancers. HOXD10 is upregulated in colorectal cancer while it is silenced epigenetically in gastric cancer. Thus, it is essential to examine the differential expression pattern of various homeobox genes in specific tumor types or cell lineages, and understand their underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the available research on homeobox genes and present their potential value for the prediction of prognosis in GI cancers.

Homeobox genes for embryo implantation: From mouse to human

The proper development of uterus to a state of receptivity and the attainment of implantation competency for blastocyst are 2 indispensable aspects for implantation,which is considered to be a critical event for successful pregnancy. Like many developmental processes, a large number of transcription factors, such as homeobox genes, have been shown to orchestrate this complicated but highly organized physiological process during implantation. In this review, we focus on progress in studies of the role of homeobox genes, especially the Hox and Msx gene families, during implantation, together with subsequent development of post-implantation uterus and related reproductive defects in both mouse models and humans, that have led to better understanding of how implantation is precisely regulated and provide new insights into infertility.

Effects of Phenylacetate on Cell Proliferation and Homeobox Genes Expression in the HCT-8 Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line

To study the effects of phenylacetate （PA） on cell proliferation and homeobox （HOX） genes expression in the colorectal carcinoma HCT-8 cell line, HCT-8 cells were grown in the presence or absence of PA. The cellular proliferation inhibition was evaluated by the MTT assay. Twenty-two HOX genes were divided into three groups （ P1, P2, P3） according to their primer sequences, and the samples of cells were analyzed for the HOX genes＇ mRNA expression by means of the semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The level of the HOX genes＇ expression was expressed as the ratio expression rate of HOX gene to the β-actin. HCT-8 cells were treated with 1.0-5.0 mmol/L PA for 24-72 h. With the increase of the PA concentration or the prolongation of the treating time, the cell proliferation is inhibited in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The P1 group mRNA＊ expression（0. 5781 ±0. 0836） is significantly lower than that of the untreated group （0. 7701 ± 0. 0883 ） in HCT-8 cells （p 〈 0. 001 ）. Both the mRNA expressions of groups P2 （0. 3941 ± 0. 0819） and P3 （0. 5601 ± 0. 0736） in the PA treated group are significantly higher than those of the untreated groups P2（0. 1221±0. 0782） and P3 （0. 1806 ± 0. 0811 ） in HCT-8 cells（p 〈 0. 001）. PA could effectively inhibit cell proliferation by regulating the HOX genes expression and the mechanisms of the PA action are correlated with the transcription process in HCT-8 cells.

Role of Hox genes in stem cell differentiation

Hox genes are an evolutionary highly conserved gene family. They determine the anterior-posterior body axis in bilateral organisms and influence the developmental fate of cells. Embryonic stem cells are usually devoidof any Hox gene expression, but these transcription factors are activated in varying spatial and temporal patterns defining the development of various body regions. In the adult body, Hox genes are among others responsible for driving the differentiation of tissue stem cells towards their respective lineages in order to repair and maintain the correct function of tissues and organs. Due to their involvement in the embryonic and adult body, they have been suggested to be useable for improving stem cell differentiations in vitro and in vivo. In many studies Hox genes have been found as driving factors in stem cell differentiation towards adipogenesis, in lineages involved in bone and joint formation, mainly chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, in cardiovascular lineages including endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiations, and in neurogenesis. As life expectancy is rising, the demand for tissue reconstruction continues to increase. Stem cells have become an increasingly popular choice for creating therapies in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and differentiation potential. Especially mesenchymal stem cells are used more and more frequently due to their easy handling and accessibility, combined with a low tumorgenicity and little ethical concerns. This review therefore intends to summarize to date known correlations between natural Hox gene expression patterns in body tissues and during the differentiation of various stem cells towards their respective lineages with a major focus on mesenchymal stem cell differentiations. This overview shall help to understand the complex interactions of Hox genes and differentiation processes all over the body as well as in vitro for further improvement of stem cell treatments in future regenerative medicine approaches.

Hox genes and study of Hox genes in crustacean

Homeobox genes have been discovered in many species. These genes are known to play a major role in specifying regional identity along the anterior-posterior axis of animals from a wide range of phyla.The products of the homeotic genes are a set of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that control elaborate developmental processes and specify cell fates in metazoans. Crustacean, presenting a variety of body plans not encountered in any other class or phylum of the Metazoa, has been shown to possess a single set of homologous Hox genes like insect. The ancestral crustacean Hox gene complex comprised ten genes: eight homologous to the hometic Hox genes and two related to nonhomeotic genes presented within the insect Hox complexes. The crustacean in particular exhibits an abundant diversity segment specialization and tagmosis. This morphological diversity relates to the Hox genes. In crustacean body plan, different Hox genes control different segments and tagmosis.

Comprehensive analysis of distal-less homeobox family gene expression in colon cancer

BACKGROUND The distal-less homeobox(DLX)gene family plays an important role in the development of several tumors.However,the expression pattern,prognostic and diagnostic value,possible regulatory mechanisms,and the relationship between DLX family genes and immune infiltration in colon cancer have not been systematically reported.AIM We aimed to comprehensively analyze the biological role of the DLX gene family in the pathogenesis of colon cancer.METHODS Colon cancer tissue and normal colon tissue samples were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases.Wilcoxon rank sum test and t-test were used to assess DLX gene family expression between colon cancer tissue and unpaired normal colon tissue.cBioPortal was used to analyze DLX gene family variants.R software was used to analyze DLX gene expression in colon cancer and the relationship between DLX gene family expression and clinical features and correlation heat map.The survival package and Cox regression module were used to assess the prognostic value of the DLX gene family.The pROC package was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the DLX gene family.R software was used to analyze the possible regulatory mechanisms of DLX gene family members and related genes.The GSVA package was used to analyze the relationship between the DLX gene family and immune infiltration.The ggplot2,the survminer package,and the clusterProfiler package were used for visualization.RESULTS DLX1/2/3/4/5 were significantly aberrantly expressed in colon cancer patients.The expression of DLX genes were associated with M stage,pathologic stage,primary therapy outcome,residual tumor,lymphatic invasion,T stage,N stage,age,perineural invasion,and history of colon polyps.DLX5 was independently correlated with the prognosis of colon cancer in multivariate analysis.DLX1/2/3/4/5/6 were involved in the development and progression of colon cancer by participating in immune infiltration and associated pathways,including the Hippo signaling pathway,the Wnt signaling pathway,several signaling pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells,and Staphylococcus aureus infection.CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a possible role for the DLX gene family as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colon cancer.

Overexpression of the Six1 Homeobox Gene Is Associated with Diffuse Peritoneal Spread and Larger Residual Disease after Maximal Cytoreductive Effort in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Study Design: Between January 2003 and June 2009, we collected fresh tumor and extracted high-quality RNA from the omental/peritoneal metastases of 47 patients with stage IIB-IV ovarian cancer. Clinical data were abstracted from the patients’ medical records. Expression of Six1 level by quantitative RT-PCR was compared with preoperative factors and intraoperative findings using the χ2 test and the Fisher exact test. The effect of Six1 elevation on survival was assessed with the Kaplan/Meier method. Results: The mean age of patients enrolled was 60 (range 33 - 84). The histological subtypes were 77% serous (36/47), 11% endometrioid (5/47), 4% mucinous (2/47), and 4% clear cell (2/47). Eighty-one percent were optimally cytoreduced. Median Six1 expression for the samples was 114 fg/ng 18S rRNA and Six1 overexpression, defined as >300 fg/ng 18S rRNA, was observed in 19% of tumors. Six1 expression above sample median was associated with peritoneal disease (p = 0.049) and inability to optimally cytoreduce (p = 0.02). Six1 overexpression was associated with worsened survival in the high grade serous subgroup (43 months versus 71 months, p = 0.039 Log Rank test). Conclusions: Elevated levels of Six1 predict peritoneal disease and larger residual tumor after maximal cytoreductive effort. Prospective prediction of surgical cytoreduction using a combination of Six1 expression, included with other factors, is currently being evaluated.

猪伪狂犬病病毒BJC变异株分离鉴定及gB和gE基因序列分析

为了确定伪狂犬病疑似发病猪场PRV变异株病原及其病毒分子特征,通过病理剖检、病毒分离鉴定与纯化、ST细胞TCID_(50)和小鼠LD_(50)测定,对分离鉴定的病毒gB、gE基因进行PCR扩增、回收、克隆和测序,用生物信息学分析软件Geneious Prime对gB、gE基因进行遗传进化和同源性分析。结果显示,该分离株为PRV强毒株。该病毒在ST细胞生长良好,纯化后的病毒经测定半数组织培养感染量为10^(8.5)TCID_(50)/mL,对6周龄昆明小鼠的LD_(50)为10^(5.8)TCID_(50)。测序结果与预期的PRV gB、gE基因片段相符。遗传进化分析可知与国内代表PRV变异毒株如JS2012、HN1201、ZJ01等处于同一分支,与欧美分离株如Bartha、Kaplan、Becker等亲缘关系较远,处于不同的大分支。氨基酸序列分析表明,BJC株与国外经典毒株和国内早期分离毒株存在多个特征性位点替换,符合国内流行变异毒株特征,BJC株为PRV变异毒株。

河南省猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒感染血清学调查及gE基因遗传变异分析

【目的】调查河南省猪伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)野毒流行特征及遗传变异情况。【方法】用ELISA法检测2020-2021年从河南省766个不同养殖规模猪场采集的25411份血清样本的gE抗体水平;采用PCR法对从47个猪场疑似PRV感染猪群中收集的251份病料进行gE基因扩增,并将阳性病料样品接种ST细胞进行病毒分离、gE全基因测序和遗传进化分析。【结果】血清样品gE抗体总阳性率为18.42%,从2020年的20.32%降至2021年的16.69%,猪场阳性率为50.26%。随着猪场规模增大,猪场阳性率、血清样本阳性率呈下降趋势;商品代养殖场、屠宰场和种猪场的场阳性率、血清样本阳性率依次降低;豫东、豫西、豫南、豫北和豫中血清gE抗体阳性率分别为15.05%、23.48%、16.50%、16.69%和20.10%,1-3月阳性率最高,10-12月最低。组织病料样品中PRV阳性率为15.14%(38/251),从PRV阳性病料样品中共分离出9株PRV分离株。gE全基因序列遗传进化分析结果显示,分离株都属于GenotypeⅡ型,且猪群中既有PRV经典株也有PRV变异株。【结论】河南省猪场中仍然存在PRV感染,且同时存在PRV经典株和PRV变异株,本研究结果为河南省猪伪狂犬病的防控与净化提供参考依据。

Establishment and Application of a SYBR Green I Real-time Quantitative PCR Assay for the Detection of LAT Gene of Pseudorabies Virus in Bama Miniature Pigs

[ Objective] This study aimed to establish a rapid, sensitive and specific SYBR Green I real-time quantitative PCR assay for the detection of latent pseudorabies virus （PRV） infection. [ Method ] SYBR Green I real-time quantitative PCR conditions and system for early detection of latent pseudorabies virus in- fection were optimized and compared with conventional PCR to investigate the sensitivity and specificity. Subsequently, the established assay was applied to detect different clinical samples. [ Result] The sensitivity of SYBR Green I real-time quantitative PCR assay （52 copies/μl） was 1 000 times higher than that of conven- tional PCR （5.2×1^04 copies/μl） and the detection time was shortened by 1/2. The established assay could be used to detect PRV but could not be used to detect PCV2, PPV, CSFV or PRRSV. Various tissues were collected from Bama miniature pigs with latent PRV infection under sterile conditions for real-time PCR detection. Results showed that viral copy number in the brain, nasal swab, inguinal lymph node, liver, lung and spleen was above 20, while PRV was not detected in the kidney and heart tissues. [ Conclusion] The established SYBR Green I real-time quantitative PCR assay for PRV/.AT detection was specific, sensitive and rapid, which could be used for pathogen monitoring, epidemiological investigation and quantitative study of PRV.

NK2 homeobox gene cluster: Functions and roles in human diseases

NK2 genes (NKX2 gene cluster in humans) encode for homeodomain-containing transcription factors that are conserved along the phylogeny. According to the most detailed classifications, vertebrate NKX2 genes are classified into two distinct families, NK2.1 and NK2.2 . The former is constituted by NKX2-1 and NKX2-4 genes, which are homologous to the Drosophila scro gene;the latter includes NKX2-2 and NKX2-8 genes, which are homologous to the Drosophila vnd gene. Conservation of these genes is not only related to molecular structure and expression, but also to biological functions. In Drosophila and vertebrates, NK2 genes share roles in the development of ventral regions of the central nervous system. In vertebrates, NKX2 genes have a relevant role in the development of several other organs such as the thyroid, lung, and pancreas. Loss-of-function mutations in NKX2-1 and NKX2-2 are the monogenic cause of the brain-lung-thyroid syndrome and neonatal diabetes, respectively. Alterations in NKX2-4 and NKX2-8 genes may play a role in multifactorial diseases, autism spectrum disorder, and neural tube defects, respectively. NKX2-1 , NKX2-2 , and NKX2-8 are expressed in various cancer types as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Several data indicate that evaluation of their expression in tumors has diagnostic and/or prognostic value.

Advances in Research and Application of gE Gene/Protein in Prevention and Control of Swine Pseudora-bies

Research and application progresses of gE gene and its encoding gE protein in PR vaccines, diagnostic technique and epidemiological investigation are summarized, which have certain reference value for comprehensive prevention and control of PR and gradual purification of PR in different regions.

伪狂犬病病毒TK/gE/gI基因缺失株ZJ01R对仔猪毒力稳定性检测

旨在明确伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)TK/gE/gI基因缺失株ZJ01R对仔猪的安全性。试验选择21~28日龄PRV阴性健康仔猪,通过病毒接种感染试验,观察ZJ01R在仔猪体内的分布规律及不同代次病毒对仔猪致病性。试验结果显示,仔猪肌肉注射ZJ01R后无明显临床症状,鼻腔排毒3~6 d,免疫后7、14、21 d,猪脑组织检测到PRV,其他组织均无病毒。仔猪滴鼻和肌肉注射F5、F30和F35代次ZJ01R病毒液,体温正常,无明显临床症状和病理变化,无病毒血症,鼻腔排毒时间仅为6 d;仔猪接种后7和14 d,肝脏和肺脏组织病毒检测均阴性,脑组织病毒核酸阳性;感染仔猪血清PRV gB ELISA抗体阳性,gE ELISA抗体阴性,表明ZJ01R毒株35代内对仔猪无临床致病作用,病毒毒力稳定性较好。

同源异型盒基因A5、三结构域蛋白14与结直肠癌的关系

目的探讨结直肠癌组织同源异型盒基因A5(HOXA5)、三结构域蛋白14(TRIM14)蛋白表达水平与临床病理特征及患者预后的关系。方法回顾性收集整理2016年5月至2018年5月期间于河南中医药大学郑州人民医院确诊的120例结直肠癌患者癌组织及癌旁组织标本及相关临床资料,采用免疫组化法检测组织HOXA5、TRIM14蛋白表达水平;分析HOXA5、TRIM14水平与结直肠癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系;采用Kaplan-Meier法分析组织中HOXA5、TRIM14表达与结直肠癌5年生存率的关系;采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析结直肠癌5年预后影响因素。结果结直肠癌组织中TRIM14蛋白阳性率为73.33%,明显高于癌旁组织的10.00%,HOXA5蛋白阳性率为27.50%,明显低于癌旁组织的81.67%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TRIM1蛋白阳性表达患者肿瘤低分化比例为42.05%,浸润深度T_(3)~T_(4)比例为72.73%,有淋巴结转移比例为47.73%,有远处转移比例为29.55%,明显高于TRIM1蛋白阴性表达的12.50%、37.50%、12.50%、6.25%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);HOXA5蛋白阴性表达患者肿瘤低分化比例为41.38%,浸润深度T3~T4比例为77.01%,有淋巴结转移比例为48.28%,有远处转移比例为29.89%,明显高于HOXA5蛋白阳性表达的15.15%、27.27%、12.12%、6.06%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结直肠癌组织中HOXA5阴性表达和TRIM14阳性表达患者的5年生存率分别为57.47%、59.09%,明显低于HOXA5阳性表达患者的90.91%和TRIM14阴性表达患者的87.50%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。死亡组患者有淋巴结转移比例为85.00%,有远处转移比例为55.00%,明显高于生存组的15.00%、7.50%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,TRIM14是结直肠癌患者5年内死亡的独立危险因素,HOXA5是结直肠癌患者5年内死亡的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论结直肠癌组织中TRIM14呈高表达状态,HOXA5呈低表达状态,两者均与TNM分期、肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度等临床病理特征及预后相关,有作为预后标志物及治疗靶点的潜力。

低剂量CT结合SHOX2、RASSF1A甲基化在肺癌早期预警中的应用

目的探讨低剂量CT结合Ras相关区域家族蛋白1A(RASSF1A)、矮小同源盒基因2(SHOX2)甲基化在肺癌早期预测中的应用价值。方法选取2021年1月~2023年1月我院90例拟行肺结节手术患者,根据手术病理学分为肺良性结节组和肺癌组。2组均于术前行低剂量CT检查、SHOX2、RASSF1A甲基化检测,采用Kappa指数分析上述检查结果与手术病理学一致性,分析低剂量CT、SHOX2、RASSF1A甲基化与血清肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21)]对肺癌诊断效能,采用Spearman低剂量CT检查、SHOX2、RASSF1A甲基化与临床病理特征相关性。结果低剂量CT、SHOX2、RASSF1甲基化及三者联合分别确定40例、43例、46例、58例肺癌,三者联合与手术病理学诊断肺癌效能一致性Kappa值为0.951;三者联合诊断肺癌敏感度96.67%、准确度97.78%均高于三者单一诊断效能(P<0.05);肺癌患者血清CEA、SCC、NSE、CYFRA21水平均高于肺良性结节患者(P<0.05);低剂量CT联合SHOX2、RASSF1甲基化诊断肺癌效能的AUC为0.983,近似于四种血清肿瘤标志物诊断肺癌效能的AUC 0.933;不同肿瘤直径、临床分期、组织学分化肺癌患者低剂量CT检出率及SHOX2、RASSF1A甲基化阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺癌患者低剂量CT检出率、SHOX2及RASSF1A甲基化阳性率与肿瘤直径、临床分期呈正相关,与组织学分化呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论低剂量CT联合SHOX2及RASSF1A甲基化可用于肺癌早期预警中,临床可通过其进行早期诊断、评估病情进展程度,以针对性展开后续治疗,改善预后。

lncRNA HAGLR促卵巢癌细胞生长和上皮-间充质转化的机制研究

目的研究长链非编码RNA同源盒D基因簇反义生长相关长链非编码RNA(lncRNA HAGLR)通过调控核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体家族pyrin结构域蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体对卵巢癌细胞生长和上皮-间充质转化(EMT)的调控作用。方法培养卵巢正常细胞IOSE-80(IOSE-80组)以及卵巢癌细胞A2780(A2780组)。然后将A2780随机分为lncRNA HAGLR沉默组(siHAGLR组)、沉默阴性对照组(siNC组)、siHAGLR联合NLRP3抑制剂MCC950处理组(siHAGLR+MCC950组)。qRT-PCR法检测lncRNA HAGLR的表达。Western blot检测NLRP3炎症小体相关蛋白NLRP3、caspase-1、ASC和EMT相关蛋白Vimentin、Snail1、α-SMA、Twist1的表达。CCK-8法检测A2780细胞的增殖活性。Transwell法检测A2780细胞的迁移和侵袭能力。细胞克隆形成实验检测A2780细胞的生长能力。TUNEL染色检测A2780细胞的凋亡。结果与IOSE-80组相比,A2780组lncRNA HAGLR、Vimentin、Snail1、α-SMA、Twist1表达均上调(P<0.05),但NLRP3、caspase-1、ASC的表达均下调(P<0.05)。与siNC组相比,siHAGLR组的lncRNA HAGLR、Vimentin、Snail1、α-SMA、Twist1表达均下调(P<0.05),但NLRP3、caspase-1、ASC的表达均上调(P<0.05),细胞增殖率、细胞克隆数以及迁移和侵袭数均明显减少(P<0.05),细胞凋亡数则增加(P<0.05)。与siHAGLR组相比,siHAGLR+MCC950组的lncRNA HAGLR表达无明显变化(P>0.05),而Vimentin、Snail1、α-SMA、Twist1表达均上调(P<0.05),但NLRP3、caspase-1、ASC的表达均下调(P<0.05),细胞增殖率、细胞克隆数以及迁移和侵袭数均显著增加(P<0.05),细胞凋亡数则减少(P<0.05)。结论lncRNA HAGLR通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体促进卵巢癌细胞的生长和EMT。

貂源伪狂犬病病毒的分离鉴定及gE基因分子特征

2014年以来,我国多个毛皮动物养殖场不同日龄的貂出现神经症状、腹泻和急性死亡等,采集昌黎县病死貂的脑组织通过细胞培养、病毒蚀斑纯化、病毒的形态结构观察、动物接种试验分离到1株伪狂犬病病毒,命名为Mink 1。病料接种MDCK细胞能够产生典型的细胞病变,病毒粒子在电镜下呈圆形、有囊膜、直径约为150nm,病毒悬液接种家兔能引起家兔奇痒、麻痹死亡。利用PCR方法从病死动物脑组织中扩增PRVgE基因,gE基因序列分析表明,从貂的病料中扩增的gE基因与2012年猪伪狂犬分离株的相似性高达99.4%,进化树位于一个相对独立的分支。与经典毒株相比,在142—144位和1 487—1 490位两处同时存在GAC和ACG连续碱基的插入。以上试验结果证实该病例是由伪狂犬病病毒感染所引致。

应用Cre-loxP系统构建伪狂犬病病毒gE/TK双缺失株

为了构建无报告基因的猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE/TK双缺失株,以PRV-JSZ株为亲本毒株,增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)为报告基因,先构建出带有loxP位点的rPRV-gE-/GFP,通过Cre重组酶处理后,获得剔除EG-FP的gE单缺失株rPRV-gE-;再以rPRV-gE-为母本,以相同方法构建gE/TK双缺失株rPRV-gE-/TK-。荧光检测和PCR结果显示成功构建了gE单缺失株和gE/TK双缺失株;病毒生长曲线测定可见rPRV-gE-在PK15细胞上的增殖速度与野生株相似,而rPRV-gE-/TK-较为缓慢;rPRV-gE-/TK-对小鼠的半数致死量大于1×105 TCID50,显著高于rPRV-gE-和野生株;缺失株免疫小鼠强毒攻击后能提供80%的保护。这些结果表明以Cre/loxP系统可重复使用构建伪狂犬病病毒多基因缺失株,为研制伪狂犬病病毒基因缺失苗和载体疫苗提供了快速筛选的技术平台。

江西省猪伪狂犬病原流行病学调查及其gB、gE及TK基因遗传变异分析

为了解江西省猪伪狂犬病原流行情况及遗传变异情况,对2017—2018年收集的疑似伪狂犬样品,以1对针对猪伪狂犬病毒gE基因的检测引物进行病原检测,并随机挑选15株PRV阳性样品,对PRV病毒复制必需的糖蛋白gB基因和主要毒力基因gE与TK基因克隆测序及遗传进化分析,用以探究其遗传变异关系。临床结果显示:猪伪狂犬病毒检出率由2017年的4.76%PRV gB/gE/TK全基因序列遗传进化分析结果表明:调查的15株伪狂犬病毒毒株与中国株处于同一分支,与美国株Bartha差异较大。核苷酸同源性分析结果表明:15株PRV gB基因相互间同源性为98.9%～100%;与参考毒株的gB基因的同源性96.7%～100%;gE基因相互间同源性为99.1%～100%;与参考毒株的gE基因的同源性98.1%～100%;TK基因变异相对较小,相互间同源性为100%,与参考PRV毒株的gE基因的同源性99.1%～100%。研究结果表明,gB基因和gE基因存在较多的变异,可能是当前流行毒株抗原变异及毒力增强从而使现有疫苗免疫保护力不佳的主要原因。

同源盒基因A7在胶质瘤组织中的表达及其对胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨同源盒基因A7(HOXA7)在脑胶质瘤组织的表达及其对胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法选择2010年9月至2016年8月新乡医学院第一附属医院神经外科手术切除的46例神经胶质瘤标本和10例颅脑外伤手术切除的正常脑组织,应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测脑胶质瘤组织和正常脑组织中HOXA7 mRNA相对表达量。选取对数生长期U251细胞随机分为空白对照组、无义序列对照组和HOXA7 siRNA组,空白对照组细胞不进行转染,无义序列对照组细胞转染无义序列Scrambled小干扰RNA(siRNA),HOXA7 siRNA组细胞转染HOXA7 siRNA;应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测3组细胞中HOXA7 mRNA相对表达量,细胞计数盒-8增殖实验检测3组细胞增殖活力,流式细胞仪检测3组细胞的细胞周期及凋亡率。结果高级别脑胶质瘤中HOXA7的mRNA相对表达量显著高于低级别脑胶质瘤和正常脑组织,低级别脑胶质瘤中HOXA7 mRNA相对表达量显著高于正常脑组织(P<0.05)。HOXA7 siRNA组U251细胞中HOXA7 mRNA相对表达量显著低于空白对照组和无义序列对照组(P<0.05),空白对照组与无义序列对照组U251细胞中HOXA7 mRNA相对表达量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。培养24、48、72、96 h时,HOXA7 siRNA组U251细胞增殖活力显著高于空白对照组和无义序列对照组(P<0.001);空白对照组与无义序列对照组U251细胞增殖活力比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HOXA7 siRNA组G_(0)/G_(1)期U251细胞占比显著高于空白对照组和无义序列对照组(P<0.05);空白对照组与无义序列对照组G_(0)/G_(1)期U251细胞占比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HOXA7 siRNA组S期U251细胞占比显著低于空白对照组和无义序列对照组(P<0.05);空白对照组和无义序列对照组S期U251细胞占比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HOXA7 siRNA组G_(2)/M期U251细胞占比显著高于空白对照组和无义序列对照组(P<0.05);空白对照组与无义序列对照组G_(2)/M期U251细胞占比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HOXA7 siRNA组U251细胞凋亡率显著高于空白对照组和无义序列对照组(P<0.05),空白对照组与无义序列对照组U251细胞凋亡率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论HOXA7在脑胶质瘤组织中呈高表达,且随着脑胶质瘤级别的增加其表达水平显著增高;HOXA7可能通过促进脑胶质瘤细胞的增殖能力和抑制脑胶质瘤细胞的凋亡,参与脑胶质瘤的发生发展。