Analysis on the Application of Genre-based Approach to English Teaching

The awareness of applying genre in teaching and learning language has been aroused recently, and the choices of genres are connected closely with teachers' teaching goals and the needs of students. This paper which holds certain pedagogic purpose, analyzes genre-based teaching approach via an analysis on an English text book named Changes (level 1), aiming to help EFL teachers cultivate their genre awareness.

The Application Study on Genre-based Approach in the English Exposition Writing Teaching for Professional College English Major Students

The previous studies show that the major problems faced by the students in writing can be classified into two categories, that is, they don't know"what to write"and"how to write". The researchers found that the specific problems existing in their writings are identified as poor content, incomplete generic structure and misuse of cohesive devices. Therefore, on the basis of the previous studies, this study attempts to use Martin's genre theory to resolve the existed problems of the Professional College English major's students in writing and enhance students' discourse writing ability. Meanwhile, this study tries to answer the following questions:(1) Compared with the traditional writing teaching methods, whether the genre-based writing method has a significant effect to improve students' writing skills;(2) Whether the genre-based writing method is possible to increase students' interest in writing. The experimental result and the questionnaire show that genre-based approach in ESL writing teaching really can improve students' writing achievement and enhance students' interest in English writing.

The Application of Genre-based Approach in Teaching English Reading in Mid-level Professional School

Reading is a complex process,and effective reading is preceded by discourse patterns,namely genre knowledge of the passage structure.Genre-based approach applies the theory of genre and genre analysis to the classroom,and develops teaching activities revolving around the schematic structure of a text.It is attempted by teaching genre knowledge to cultivate students' genre awareness under certain social and cultural environment for enhancing their reading comprehension.

A Genre-Based Approach to Developing Learning and Teaching Academic Writing Skills With Relation to the Omani Technical Context

Teachers are supposed to apply the Genre-Based Approach(GBA)to teach academic writing in the Foundation Year Program(FYP)in the colleges of technology.However,students in these colleges find it difficult to produce a formal piece of academic work(Al-Husseini,2004).Students seem to face lot of writing problems and so the author conducted this study to have a better understanding of what is happening.He carried a questionnaire study to reveal the causes of difficulties in academic writing.The author restricted his focus on research to lack of practice in applying these skills in students’writing as that is more relevant in the technical colleges’context.The study proved that the absence of practicing learning and teaching academic writing due to the insufficient use of the GBA,partly discourage the adequate mastering of these skills.Following the GBA to tackle such problem might be useful.As a consequence,the author considers this research study’s results as an additional evidence for the value of the GBA in developing the learning and teaching of academic writing skills to FYP Omani students in the technical colleges.

Genre-Based Approach in Business Translation Teaching

Genre-based teaching approach is a pedagogy based on genre and genre analysis theory.Based on this teaching approach,the paper puts forward a three-stage model appropriate for the teaching of business English reading.It develops teaching activities focusing on the schematic structure of a discourse.Its purpose is to make students know that the discourses with different genres have different communicative purposes and discourse structures.Through a theoretical analysis and empirical study of the model,it is concluded that genre-based teaching approach can effectively help students improve their ability of business English reading comprehension.

The Comparison and Contrast of Skopostheorie and Baker's Equivalence Translation Approach

Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its different approaches have caused heated controversy.However,as early as the 1970s,the Skopostheorie emerged in Germany,and it seemed to challenge the equivalence theories.Although Nida and some linguistics raised some negative problems of this theory,it still rapidly became famous around the world,This article will mainly compare and analyse Skopostheorie and Baker's translation equivalence approach.First,it will give a simple overview of these two approaches.Second,it will discuss the relevant strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches in relation to their usage.Finally,it will discuss combining these two approaches in the same translation.

Perceptual Contrast-Based Image Fusion: A Variational Approach

本地对比，或变化，在主要是从来源图象保存重要信息到熔化结果的图象熔化起一个重要作用。威伯的法律告诉我们在不同背景下面的一样的变化将引起不同感性的感情，因此，一个理想的图象处理器不得不考虑视觉心理学和心物学的效果。这份报纸考虑人的视觉系统(HVS ) 的性质并且从每幅来源图象把量的感性的变化转移到结果。把 just-noticeable-difference (JND ) 用作测量， multiband 图象的感性的对比作为一个目标被获得。我们构造一个功能的极值问题发现一幅单身的乐队图象，或熔化结果，它有最近感性的对比到目标一个。经由变化途径， Euler-Lagrange 方程被导出，并且一次坡度降下重复被采用。试验性的结果证明这个方法感性地好。

Theoretical Approaches to Error Analysis

Contrast Analysis (CA), Interlanguage(IL),cognitive approach are considered as three aspects closely related to Error Analysis (EA).Originated from CA, EA takes IL as its linguistic basis and cognitive approach as its psychological support.Comparing with CA, EA pays more attention to the learner himself rather than the linguistic forms, and error is therefore shifted from what should be avoided to the crucial approach to the exploration of the learner’s cognitive process.

A meta-analytic review of the approach-avoidance achievement goals and performance relationships in the sport psychology literature

Purpose： To summarize the approach-avoidance achievement goal and performance in the sport psychology literature.Methods： A total of 17 published studies, two of which provided two samples, were located. Accepted meta-analytic procedures were used with Hedges g as the effect size metric. From the 17 studies, 73 effect sizes were calculated.Results： Results based on a random effects model indicated that the performance goal contrast had the largest facilitative impact on performance followed by the mastery and performance approach goals. Both of the avoidance goals performance and mastery had small non-significant and detrimental effects on performance. The homogeneity statistics revealed significant heterogeneity for the approach and avoidance performance goals. Categorical moderator variables were examined for study sex composition（male, female, or mixed）, mean age of sample（〈18 years or 18 years）, study setting（lab or naturalistic）, and nature of performance variable（objective or subjective）.Conclusion： The performance goal contrast holds value for sport performance research. Contrary to approach-avoidance predictions, the mastery-approach goal and performance effect size was significant and of equal magnitude as the performance approach goal and performance effect size. Thus, future research should closely test the efficacy of both the mastery- and performance contrasts in impacting performance of sport tasks. Last, the significant effect sizes reported in this review are in stark contrast to contemporary meta-analytic findings in education.Differences in the approach-avoidance goals in sport and education relative to performance should be researched further.

Visibility improvement and mass segmentation of mammogram images using quantile separated histogram equalisation with local contrast enhancement

In this work, the authors develop a working software-based approach named ‘linearly quantile separated histogram equalisation-grey relational analysis’ for mammogram image (MI). This approach improves overall contrast (local and global) of given MI and segments breast-region with a specific end goal to acquire better visual elucidation, examination, and grouping of mammogram masses to help radiologists in settling on more precise choices. The fundamental commitment of this work is to demonstrate that results of good quality of breast-region segmentation can be accomplished from basic breast-region segmentation if the input image has good contrast and a better interpretation of hidden details. They have evaluated the proposed strategy for MIAS-MIs. Experimental results have shown that the proposed approach works better than state-of-the-art.

GENRE-BASED APPROACH TO THE TEACHING OF WRITING

How to teach writing to students of relatively high Englishproficiency is a matter that may be regarded as a less important:subject by some people. Thus is not the case, however as thispaper comes up with the idea that generic structures and languagefeatures of particular texts should be taught so as to achieve bet-ter results in senior writing courses.

亮度自适应的保熵直方图均衡化方法

直方图均衡化是一种简单有效的图像对比度增强技术,由于它无法保持图像的均值亮度和熵值,因此在实际工程中很少应用。提出了一种直方图规定化的新方法以避免直方图均衡化的缺点,该算法利用直方图均衡化的特点——使直方图分布尽可能均匀,通过变分法求出一个在熵值不变的约束下使得图像均值亮度最大化的直方图,最后将原始直方图转换成直方图规定化后的目标直方图。通过与已有方法HE/DSIHE/MMBEBHE/BPHEME比较,结果表明该方法不仅能够保持熵值,而且可以有效地增强图像对比度,可以用于消费型电子产品中。

基于变分的图像增强算法和伪彩色映射

提出了一种新的基于变分方法的灰度图像增强算法。将灰度图像的对比度场进行线性放大作为目标图像的对比度场 ,在图像显示和打印的动态范围约束条件下 ,利用变分方法求解出增强的图像 ,使其具有最接近于目标对比度场的对比度。若把目标对比度进一步作动态范围压缩后 ,将此方法应用到彩色图像的亮度分量中去 (色度和饱和度不变 ) ,并根据人类视觉感知的统计特性将结果图进行伪彩色映射 ,得到视觉效果更佳的彩色图像。这种增强方法不需要人为选定待增强图像区域。实验结果表明了该图像增强方法的有效性。当图像中含有极其微弱的有用的局部对比度信息时 。

我国男子跳远运动员与世界优秀运动员起跳技术比较

为探讨我国男子跳远运动员与世界优秀运动员在起跳技术上的差距，笔者将二者在最后两步及起跳中的多项技术指标进行了比较，结果显示，我国选手在技术和能力上都与世界选手有较大的差距。

功能翻译理论下的《黄帝内经》英译本比较研究

随着中医传统医学在世界范围的广泛传播,越来越多的中医典籍译本相继面世。作为中医理论的奠基之作,《黄帝内经》已有13个不同的英译本。故以功能翻译理论为指导,以《黄帝内经》的2个英译本比较为例,从翻译策略、译文的语法和词汇的衔接连贯性,以及译文的忠诚性3个方面,探索《黄帝内经》英译的比较研究,旨在拓宽中医典籍英译比较研究的领域,为《黄帝内经》以及其他中医典籍翻译提供一些借鉴。

弱小目标低对比度图像增强算法研究

采用分段线性变换对白天亮背景下低对比度图像序列进行对比度增强,最关键的是分段点的选取。提出两种分段点确定方法:多尺度逼近利用目标和背景的灰度值在不同尺度空间中具有不同动态特性的特点,逐次逼近,通过找出目标和背景的过渡区域得到分段点;恒增强率方法确定一个固定的增强率,在直方图中由高到低找出满足该比率的灰度值作为分段点。两种方法均简单易行,试验证明它们能准确地对分段点进行定位,从而有效地增强了图像的对比度。

可调对比度目标源装置中对比度的标定

搭建了可调对比度目标源装置,研究了图像对比度和光学对比度的关系,提出了用改进的BP神经网络标定对比度的方法。首先,设计了用于对比度标定的BP神经网络模型。然后,利用LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)算法结合缩放法改进神经网络以提高其收敛速度及泛化能力。最后,通过可调对比度目标源装置实验平台,由测量的辐照度得出了对应的图像对比度数据,使该装置可以通过调节辐照度实时获得规定的对比度。与传统BP神经网络方法相比,改进后的BP神经网络收敛速度快,泛化能力强。标定精度比经典BP算法提高了100倍,比最速下降法提高了10倍。训练次数仅需2 876次时,对比度的标定值与目标值的误差最大值是0.01%,训练均方误差收敛为0.000 459 441,测试误差收敛为0.000 467 003,满足了对检验装置中对比度标定的需要。

经桡动脉径路5F多功能造影管全脑血管造影45例

目的探讨在基层医院经桡动脉径路5F多功能造影管全脑血管造影的可行性及安全性。方法45例患者,局麻下经桡动脉径路用5F多功能造影管行全脑血管造影。结果45例患者中43例顺利完成手术,成功率95.6%。1例桡动脉穿刺失败,1例患者左颈总动脉开口位置变异,未能进行相应血管造影。无手部缺血、桡动脉闭塞及其他严重并发症。结论经桡动脉径路5F多功能造影管进行全脑血管造影安全可行,成功率高,并发症少,对适应病例可作为首选途径,在基层医院可推广应用。

英汉语言模因对比的价值探索与路径选择

每种语言都有其自身独立存在的语言模因。英汉语言模因对比的价值主要体现在对语言翻译理论与实践的促进、对文化交流和文化共性的寻找、对语言教学和二语习得理论的广泛影响和对英语与汉语本体发展的影响。语言模因在英汉双语中对比的主要途径是立足语言事实进行共时对比,以满足二语教学需要和认知语言学层面的研究。通过英汉语言模因的对比可以达到解析英汉语言异同的目的和对语言本真的追求。

基于口语语料库的非英语专业与英语专业学生连接语使用状况的对比研究

本文以韩礼德和哈桑的衔接理论和系统功能语法为基础,借助中国学习者口语语料库对非英语专业与英语专业学生连接语的使用状况进行研究。本研究参照Quirk等的连接语分类法,对比分析了非英语专业和英语专业学生在英语口语中连接语的使用状况。通过研究发现,英语专业和非英语专业学生口语中连接语的使用既具有趋同性,又存在显著差异:(1)两者都频繁使用例举和结果关系的连接语,而较少使用总结、推断、过渡关系的连接语;(2)在个别语义使用上具有显著差异,非英语专业学生较少使用举例、推理、对比、转题等类别的连接语,而过多使用总结、同位和结果关系类连接语;(3)中国大学生口语中连接语的使用具有书面语倾向。本研究还对产生这种异同的因素如语域意识的缺乏、思维方式的不同、口语考试话题的限制等进行了分析。