[ Objective] The paper was to study the effects of laminarin on growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers. [ Method] Four separate 30 m2 concrete pools were used as a closed circulating water aquacultu...[ Objective] The paper was to study the effects of laminarin on growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers. [ Method] Four separate 30 m2 concrete pools were used as a closed circulating water aquaculture system for the experiment. Simultaneously, approximately 1 800 groupers were placed in each of the two pools for treatment or control. The initial weight of the individual fish was （275.55 ＋29.79）g. They were fed with either a control diet or one con- raining 0.6% laminarin in the pools for 66 d. [ Result] At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain of the groupers in treatment group was increased by 29.03% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the specific growth ratio was increased by 23.88% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the feed conversion rate was decreased by 15.20% （ P 〈 0.05 ） compared to control group, while there was no significant difference in muscle nutritional components between treatment group and control group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. For each kilogram weight gain of an individual fish, the cost of the treatment diet was 1.96 yuan less than that of control diet, i. e. , a reduction of 12.54%. On the other hand, the activities of alkaline phosphatase （AKP）, lysozyme （LZM） and total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） of the groupers in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion ] Addition of 0.6% laminarin in the regular feed would improve the growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers in aquaculture.展开更多
As probably the most misread writer of the 20th century, D. H. Lawrence was not only a great novelist, but also a great poet, who should have shared the same importance as W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot."Bavarian Ge...As probably the most misread writer of the 20th century, D. H. Lawrence was not only a great novelist, but also a great poet, who should have shared the same importance as W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot."Bavarian Gentians"is one of his masterpieces, which was written in the last few months of his life along with some other poems on death, heaven and hell, including The Ship of Death, Glory of Darkness and Song of Death. The mythological poem, a bit mystic and surreal, embodies the view of Lawrence on death. This paper is trying to give a brief analysis on the images and theme of the poem.展开更多
The utilization efficiency of soy protein is affected by its 2 anti-nutritional substancesdthe antigens bconglycinin and glycinin.This study investigated their effects on the growth performance,intestinal immune defen...The utilization efficiency of soy protein is affected by its 2 anti-nutritional substancesdthe antigens bconglycinin and glycinin.This study investigated their effects on the growth performance,intestinal immune defense,andmicrobiome in juvenile pearl gentian groupers(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂).Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated containing fishmeal supplemented with 70 g/kgβ-conglycinin or 100 g/kg glycinin,or no supplementation(control).Each experimental diet was fed to quadruplicate groups with 30 fish in each tank for 8 weeks.Dietary inclusion of eitherβ-conglycinin or glycinin significantly reduced weight gain and specific growth rates,and cell proliferation of the distal intestine.Histological evaluation of the intestine tract revealed the inflammation signs,characterized by reducing of plica height and width as well as the number of the goblet cells,and widening of the lamina propria.The group fed theβ-conglycinin diet had reduced lysozyme activity,contents of immunoglobulin M and complements 3 and 4.Increased activities of caspase-3 and-9 were observed in the group fed the bconglycinin diet compared to the other 2 groups.In the intestinal microbiota,the relative abundances of the potentially pathogenic genera Photobacterium and Vibrio were significantly higher in the glycinin group than those in others.Therefore,the existence of soybean antigens(β-conglycinin or glycinin)could damage the structural integrity of the intestine,reduce immune defense,reshape the intestinal microbiome and,ultimately,impair growth in fish.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Project for Marine High-tech Industry Development in Fujian Province(2012-28,2014-22)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to study the effects of laminarin on growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers. [ Method] Four separate 30 m2 concrete pools were used as a closed circulating water aquaculture system for the experiment. Simultaneously, approximately 1 800 groupers were placed in each of the two pools for treatment or control. The initial weight of the individual fish was （275.55 ＋29.79）g. They were fed with either a control diet or one con- raining 0.6% laminarin in the pools for 66 d. [ Result] At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain of the groupers in treatment group was increased by 29.03% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the specific growth ratio was increased by 23.88% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the feed conversion rate was decreased by 15.20% （ P 〈 0.05 ） compared to control group, while there was no significant difference in muscle nutritional components between treatment group and control group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. For each kilogram weight gain of an individual fish, the cost of the treatment diet was 1.96 yuan less than that of control diet, i. e. , a reduction of 12.54%. On the other hand, the activities of alkaline phosphatase （AKP）, lysozyme （LZM） and total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） of the groupers in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion ] Addition of 0.6% laminarin in the regular feed would improve the growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers in aquaculture.
文摘As probably the most misread writer of the 20th century, D. H. Lawrence was not only a great novelist, but also a great poet, who should have shared the same importance as W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot."Bavarian Gentians"is one of his masterpieces, which was written in the last few months of his life along with some other poems on death, heaven and hell, including The Ship of Death, Glory of Darkness and Song of Death. The mythological poem, a bit mystic and surreal, embodies the view of Lawrence on death. This paper is trying to give a brief analysis on the images and theme of the poem.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900200)the China Agriculture Research System of MOFand MARA(CARS-47)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31772864)the Fund of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang)(ZJW-2019-06)。
文摘The utilization efficiency of soy protein is affected by its 2 anti-nutritional substancesdthe antigens bconglycinin and glycinin.This study investigated their effects on the growth performance,intestinal immune defense,andmicrobiome in juvenile pearl gentian groupers(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂).Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated containing fishmeal supplemented with 70 g/kgβ-conglycinin or 100 g/kg glycinin,or no supplementation(control).Each experimental diet was fed to quadruplicate groups with 30 fish in each tank for 8 weeks.Dietary inclusion of eitherβ-conglycinin or glycinin significantly reduced weight gain and specific growth rates,and cell proliferation of the distal intestine.Histological evaluation of the intestine tract revealed the inflammation signs,characterized by reducing of plica height and width as well as the number of the goblet cells,and widening of the lamina propria.The group fed theβ-conglycinin diet had reduced lysozyme activity,contents of immunoglobulin M and complements 3 and 4.Increased activities of caspase-3 and-9 were observed in the group fed the bconglycinin diet compared to the other 2 groups.In the intestinal microbiota,the relative abundances of the potentially pathogenic genera Photobacterium and Vibrio were significantly higher in the glycinin group than those in others.Therefore,the existence of soybean antigens(β-conglycinin or glycinin)could damage the structural integrity of the intestine,reduce immune defense,reshape the intestinal microbiome and,ultimately,impair growth in fish.
