GIS-Based Highway Geological Hazard Information Management and Decision Support System

Based on the practical application of Geology Information System（GIS） throughout the world, combined with the characters of road＇s geological hazard and it＇s supervision, the paper introduces on the importance of the research on road＇s geological hazards information management and decision-making support system. The paper also analyzes the system＇s target, the principles and key techniques in developing the system. In the research, we developed the GIS-based road＇s geological hazard information management and decision-making support system and applied it to one speedway in the west of China where contains typical geological hazards. The system based on the database of road＇s geological hazard on the grounds of spatial graphic information and attribute information. By virtue of the scientific assessment and prediction mathematical model, integrating the GIS＇s strongpoint on spatial analyzing, the system is capable of visualizing the regionalization of road according to the geological hazards it contains, and accurately assessing and predicting geological hazards, thus efficiently assists the road construction and management units in the decision making on controlling the geological hazards and reducing the related loss.

Marine Engineering Geological Exploration Information System(MEGEIS):A GIS-based Application to Marine Resources Exploitation

Based on the ArcGIS geographic information system and the ORACLE database management system,this paper reports our studies on the technology of Marine Engineering Geological Exploration Information System(MEGEIS). By analyzing system structure,designing function modules and discussing data management,this paper systematically proposes a framework of technol-ogy to integrate,manage,and analyze the seabed information comprehensively. Then,the technology is applied to the design and development of the Bohai Sea Oilfield Paradigm Area Information System. The system can not only meet the practical demands of marine resources exploration and exploitation in the Bohai Sea oilfield,but also serve as a preparatory work in theory and technology for the realization of the 'Digital Seabed'.

Application of GIS to Geological Information Extraction

GIS, a powerful tool for processing spatial data, is advantageous in its spatial overlaying. In this paper, GIS is applied to the extraction of geological information. Information associated with mineral resources is chosen to delineate the geo anomalies, the basis of ore forming anomalies and of mineral deposit location. This application is illustrated with an example in Weixi area, Yunnan Province.

Locating Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)Base Stations Using Geographic Information System(GIS)

The global system for mobile communication(GSM)is planned to meet the needs of the whole subscribers.The number of subscribers increased as the population increased due to the acceptance of GSM services by the subscribers.Thus,there should be a way to monitor base stations that will meet the increasing demand of subscribers in any area as a population surge will lead to more subscriptions.This will allow GSM network operators to serve their subscribers better and ease network congestion.This work presents a review of mobile evolution from the first generation to the fifth generation.A review of global positioning system(GPS)technology and its applications to geographic information systems(GIS)was done.The coordinates of these base stations were taken using a GPS device.These base station coordinates were then exported to QGIS for the design of the map.Thereafter,the output map was then integrated into the website.The discussions on the results followed and some useful suggestions given will go a long way to help the operators of GSM in Nigeria and in general.If the propositions given are adhered to,it will go a long way to help the operators reduce congestion on their network and thereby increase the satisfaction of the subscribers.

基于遥感GIS信息融合的测绘机器人滑模跟踪控制系统

测绘机器人是实现测绘自动化的执行设备,测绘机器人的工作空间更为复杂,给机器人的跟踪控制工作带来较大挑战;为提高测绘机器人跟踪控制效果,设计了基于遥感GIS信息融合的测绘机器人滑模跟踪控制系统;加设遥感信息采集器和GIS信息采集器,改装遥感GIS信息处理器以及滑模跟踪控制器,完成硬件系统的优化设计;考虑信息结构以及信息之间的逻辑关系,构建系统数据库,为遥感GIS信息提供充足的存储空间;根据测绘任务生成机器人滑模移动轨迹,作为机器人的控制目标;采集测绘机器人实时遥感与GIS信息,利用遥感GIS信息融合技术跟踪机器人实时位姿,比对位姿跟踪结果与生成的控制目标,计算滑模跟踪控制量,完成系统的测绘机器人滑模跟踪控制软件功能优化;系统测试结果表明:设计系统的控制误差平均值为1.9 m,抖振幅值为0.8 dB,具有较好的控制效果。

基于GIS的青岛市绿地景观生态格局与网络构建

定量化研究绿地景观生态格局和网络构建能够为城市绿地系统和国土空间的科学规划提供理论依据与方法支撑。研究基于无线电高空测候(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,运用总体景观生态格局分析和梯度分析方法,选取12个景观指数,对沿海城市——青岛市的绿地景观生态格局从斑块类型水平和景观水平两方面进行了定量研究。结果表明:斑块类型水平上,区域绿地以大型斑块为主且占优势地位,防护绿地以大中型斑块为主,二者虽空间分布不均匀,但生态效益较好;附属绿地以中小型斑块为主,缺乏大面积绿地建设,景观破碎度高但符合公众游憩需求;公园绿地以小型斑块为主且数量较少,在城区集中分布。景观水平上,城市绿地景观类型较齐全,但整体破碎度高,中部地区景观破碎度高,南部与中北部地区绿地类型多样,景观破碎度高且景观形状较复杂。在此基础上,进而分析了青岛城市绿地景观生态格局存在的问题,提出了“一轴、三核、廊汇成网、节点密布”的城市绿地生态网络优化与构建方案,以提高各类城市绿地连接度水平,发挥绿地生态系统的整体效益。

Developing a Geological Management Information System: National Important Mining Zone Database

Geo-data is a foundation for the prediction and assessment of ore resources, so managing and making full use of those data, including geography database, geology database, mineral deposits database, aeromagnetics database, gravity database, geochemistry database and remote sensing database, is very significant. We developed national important mining zone database （NIMZDB） to manage 14 national important mining zone databases to support a new round prediction of ore deposit. We found that attention should be paid to the following issues： ① data accuracy： integrity, logic consistency, attribute, spatial and time accuracy; ② management of both attribute and spatial data in the same system;③ transforming data between MapGIS and ArcGIS; ④ data sharing and security; ⑤ data searches that can query both attribute and spatial data. Accuracy of input data is guaranteed and the search, analysis and translation of data between MapGIS and ArcGIS has been made convenient via the development of a checking data module and a managing data module based on MapGIS and ArcGIS. Using AreSDE, we based data sharing on a client/server system, and attribute and spatial data are also managed in the same system.

STUDY ON EXTRACTING METHODS OF BURIED GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION IN HUAIBEI COAL FIELD

It is discussed features and tbe producing mechanism of buried geological information in geological, geophysical and remote sensing data in Huaibei coal field, and studied the methods extracting buried tectonic and igneous rock information from various geologicaI data using digital image processing techoiques.

Mobile Application and a Web-Based Geographic Information System for Sharing Geological Hazards Information in East and Southeast Asia

This paper presents a mobile application and a web-based geographic information system for an efficient and cost-effective sharing of geological hazards information in East and Southeast Asia. The information system uses the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Processing Service (WPS) for spatial data rendition and processing online. Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) is also used for other important spatial data processing and sharing operations. WMS and WPS are formulated to access and view the geological hazard data in the system’s database. The mobile application is developed to access and share the system’s geospatial contents by sending requests to these web services. The application also makes geological hazard mitigation measures more effective by incorporating the mobile device’s GPS location information with geological hazard data. Information like the distance from the nearest active fault, active volcano and earthquake hypocenter can be easily determined using the application. The mobile application provides an interface for the users to easily access geological hazard information such as active fault, active volcanoes, shorelines inundated by tsunamis, and historical and real time seismic events. The widespread use of mobile devices with Internet connection makes geological hazard information dissemination very efficient using the application. The mobile application is called G-EVER Mobile. G-EVER stands for Asia Pacific Region Global Earthquake and Volcanic Eruption Risk Management consortium. The application can be accessed at https://ccop-geoinfo.org/gever-mo/index.php.

基于电磁瞬态过程的GIS隔离开关分合位置确认方法研究

GIS隔离开关在电力系统中扮演着重要角色,但分合闸不到位故障会威胁系统安全。传统的状态检测方法所反映的腔体内部信息有限,文中提出了一种基于电磁瞬态过程的新方法。利用在GIS隔离开关带电分合过程中产生的电磁瞬态信息,通过分析电磁瞬态信号的起止时间与开关动静触头位置关系,反演GIS隔离开关腔体内动静触头状态。同时,还提出了一种低采样频率下提取高频电磁瞬态信号特征的方法,并开发了相应的采集装置。不仅有效降低了数据采集量,同时可以成功确认GIS隔离开关的分合位置。最后通过实验证明了文中提出方法的有效性。

基于移动GIS的招商空间信息系统设计与实现

针对诸多招商信息系统缺乏地理空间信息数据展示的问题,综合运用地理信息技术、移动互联网和数据库技术,以空间地理信息为载体,设计在线与离线的运行模式,方便用户随时随地使用空间信息服务,满足各级用户的工作需要,有效提高政府人员的工作效率,为招商引资、展示城市风貌提供信息化辅助手段。

基于GIS的灌区土壤投入品残留污染监测预警系统

为了解决工业发展导致的灌区土壤投入品残留污染问题,给出一种基于地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)的土壤污染监测预警系统。该系统结合VOC-PF1型传感器、STM32主控芯片和GSM通信模块,实现了高效的数据采集和通信功能。通过反距离加权(inverse distance weighted,IDW)插值法进行空间分析,并设立预警阈值,实现对灌区土壤投入品残留污染的实时监测和预警。实验结果表明:该系统的监测精度高达98%,监测时长最高为49 s,具有很高的实用性和效率。研究结果不仅为灌区土壤投入品残留污染监测提供了有效手段,也为环境保护和农业可持续发展提供有力支持。

基于GIS的土壤墒情信息采集与监测系统

文章详细描述一个由微控制器建立的农田土壤墒情监测系统,该系统主要包括STM8S系列微控制器、土壤湿度传感器、DS18B20温度传感器、4G网络模块、北斗导航模块以及环境传感器等部分,能够实时收集农田土壤和空气的温湿度以及大气压力数据。该系统通过网络模块将收集的传感器信息传输至服务器,并用北斗系统对采集地点进行卫星定位。通过GIS软件,系统能实时追踪土壤湿度状况,并构造出土壤墒情的空间分布图。农户可通过手机APP实时查看土壤墒情信息,并通过APP的数据分析来确定农田的供给情况,并做出反应。经过实际测试,该系统操作简洁、性能稳定,可以帮助农户管理农田。

基于Cesium的铁路桥梁三维GIS场景构建研究

随着铁路工程领域数字化、信息化、智能化不断推进,将铁路工程信息模型与大范围真实地理环境融合,通过互联网在线可视化与分布式多终端共享展示铁路工程三维场景成为发展趋势。本文基于开源Cesium平台,从铁路工程三维地理场景构建,铁路桥梁BIM模型参数化建模、融合与定位,到铁路三维GIS场景交互与应用功能开发,设计了面向铁路工程空间信息模型的三维GIS场景构建方案,实现了铁路桥梁BIM模型三维GIS场景的三维漫游、空间查询、地形分析、日照分析、剖切分析等功能应用,为铁路数字工程BIM+GIS开放共享应用管理和展示提供了技术路径。

3D stratum modeling in urban geological information visualization

A conceptual model called virtual borehole is presented in practice engineering.Based on borehole data and the geologic section and by using GMS 6.0,MAPGIS software,the 3D stratum model of urban geologic information is established.The visual expression and analysis of 3D geologic data can be better realized in the open model established.

基于GIS的历史文化街区应急疏散能力可视化评估研究

为评估历史文化街区在旅游高峰期的应急疏散能力,探究街区的应急疏散风险区域。研究从点-线-面的角度出发,考虑行人特征因素、街巷路网因素和建筑结构因素,构建应急疏散能力评价模型。采用ANP-EWM综合评估方法确定各因素权重值,应用GIS技术进行因素可视化分级处理。在此基础上,采用空间分析方法,对单因素分级分析赋权重后进行加权叠加处理,得到历史文化街区应急疏散能力的可视化数据。以西安回民街为例进行实证分析,探究街区应急疏散能力风险区域。研究结果表明:所构建模型可以实现对研究区界的应急疏散能力可视化分级评估,反映回民街不同等级疏散风险情况。研究结果可为景区应急疏散与制定安全管理措施提供参考。

GIS技术在洪水灾害中的应用研究综述

地理信息系统(GIS)是一种专用于处理地理和空间信息的计算机系统。当前,随着计算机技术的逐渐成熟,GIS技术的空间分析等特点对于水资源的规划与管理有着重要的研究意义,其中在洪水灾害中的应用是近年来研究发展的一个重点。通过GIS技术建立洪水模拟模型,进行预测预警,以此为防洪抗涝提出更加科学的决策建议,降低频发的洪涝灾害事件所带来的损失。该文针对其在洪水灾害中的预测、风险图绘制、模型建立及避险路线进行评述,提出当前存在的问题,并对今后GIS在洪水灾害中的应用进行展望。

Application and prospects of spatial information technology in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring

This paper systematically reviews the current applications of various spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,analyzes the challenges faced by spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,and prospects the development of spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring.Currently,the spatial information technologies applied in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring mainly include five categories:eddy covariance method,remote sensing technology,geographic information system,Internet of Things technology,and global navigation satellite system.These technologies are involved in three aspects:monitoring data acquisition,positioning and data transmission,and data management and decision support.Challenges faced by the spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring include:selecting spatial information technologies that match different monitoring purposes,different platforms,and different monitoring sites;establishing effective data storage and computing capabilities to cope with the broad sources and large volumes of monitoring data;and promoting collaborative operations by interacting and validating spatial information technologies with mature monitoring technologies.In the future,it is necessary to establish methods and standards for designing spatial information technology monitoring schemes,develop collaborative application methods for cross-scale monitoring technologies,integrate spatial information technologies with artificial intelligence and high-performance computing technologies,and accelerate the application of spatial information technologies in carbon sequestration projects in China.

基于GIS的城市扩张监测与驱动力分析

准确的城市建设用地信息,能够反映城市扩张的动态变化,对于提供决策指导城市化建设和规划具有非常重要的意义。本文以南昌市作为研究区域,选取2000年、2010年、2020年三期30m全球地表覆盖数据(GlobeLand30)影像数据作为主要数据源,利用土地利用转移矩阵模型对城市用地变化情况的变化量和动态度进行定量分析,利用扩张指数模型等研究了南昌市20年间的扩张面积、速度、强度、紧凑度、分形维数、重心转移距离和扩张方位等,对城市扩张的驱动力进行了定性分析,并利用灰色关联分析法进行了定量分析。结果表明,南昌市经济和人口因素与城市扩张显著相关,研究内容在土地管理与合理利用土地、城市发展和规划以及城市的健康发展方面为管理部门提供了支持。