针对雷达目标散射中心GTD(Geometric Theory of Diffraction)模型最大似然估计中存在的高维、非线性、混合参数估计问题,提出一种基于协同粒子群优化算法的参数估计方法.该方法能够同时估计得到散射中心的类型、幅度和位置参数,且对初...针对雷达目标散射中心GTD(Geometric Theory of Diffraction)模型最大似然估计中存在的高维、非线性、混合参数估计问题,提出一种基于协同粒子群优化算法的参数估计方法.该方法能够同时估计得到散射中心的类型、幅度和位置参数,且对初始值不敏感,与基于RELAX的估计方法相比,不需要反复迭代估计,降低了计算复杂度.仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够较准确地估计得到GTD模型的散射中心参数.展开更多
几何绕射理论(Geometrical Theory of Diffraction,GTD)模型能够精确描述高频区雷达目标的电磁散射机理。该文在分析雷达回波稀疏特性的基础上,将参数估计问题转化为压缩感知理论中的稀疏信号重构问题,据此提出了一种基于压缩感知的2维...几何绕射理论(Geometrical Theory of Diffraction,GTD)模型能够精确描述高频区雷达目标的电磁散射机理。该文在分析雷达回波稀疏特性的基础上,将参数估计问题转化为压缩感知理论中的稀疏信号重构问题,据此提出了一种基于压缩感知的2维GTD模型参数估计方法。该方法首先利用2维傅里叶变换成像确定目标散射中心的支撑区域,然后在支撑区域内对散射中心的GTD参数进行估计,最后利用聚类方法和最小二乘方法对估计结果进行修正。仿真和暗室测量数据实验结果表明,与现有方法相比,所提方法能有效改善模型参数的估计性能,且对提高散射中心类型参数的估计精度更为明显。展开更多
针对全极化二维GTD散射中心模型,首先提出一种二维极化线性变化(polarization linear variationPL)的ESPRIT算法(2D-PL-ESPRIT)用于提取雷达目标散射中心参数;其次,就2D-PL-ESPRIT算法提取目标散射中心的可行性进行了理论分析。相比通...针对全极化二维GTD散射中心模型,首先提出一种二维极化线性变化(polarization linear variationPL)的ESPRIT算法(2D-PL-ESPRIT)用于提取雷达目标散射中心参数;其次,就2D-PL-ESPRIT算法提取目标散射中心的可行性进行了理论分析。相比通过多个单极化通道方法提取散射中心,2D-PL-ESPRIT算法可以有效提高参数估计精度,降低计算复杂度;相比二维极化并行(parallel polarization,PP)的全极化MUSIC方法(2D-PP-MUSIC),2D-PL-ESPRIT算法避免了复杂的二维谱峰搜索以及通过子空间正交方法判断散射类型的步骤,有效降低了运算量。之后,对三种算法进行了复乘计算量的比较以说明2D-PL-ESPRIT算法具有较高的运算效率。最后,通过仿真实验验证了2D-PL-ESPRIT方法用于全极化2D-GTD模型散射中心提取的有效性。展开更多
针对传统的几何绕射理论(geometric theory of diffraction,GTD)模型参数估计方法存在模型定阶困难、低分辨率时多散射中心难以准确估计、计算量大、易收敛于局部极值等问题,提出一种组合松弛(RELAX)算法和改进粒子群算法(particle swar...针对传统的几何绕射理论(geometric theory of diffraction,GTD)模型参数估计方法存在模型定阶困难、低分辨率时多散射中心难以准确估计、计算量大、易收敛于局部极值等问题,提出一种组合松弛(RELAX)算法和改进粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)的GTD模型参数估计新方法。该算法基于RELAX思想,可以有效解决模型定阶问题;通过成像处理给定距离参数初值,并引入变异机制,使之能够稳定高效地收敛于全局最优值;在每次估计时通过检验同一分辨单元内是否存在多个散射中心,使之具有较好的超分辨能力。实验结果表明,该算法可以高效准确地估计GTD模型的散射中心参数。展开更多
针对低信噪比条件下,传统的基于旋转不变技术的三维信号参数估计(three-dimensional estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance te chniques,3D-ESPRIT)算法和平方前后向平滑的3D-ESPRIT(quadr atic-forward-backward 3D-...针对低信噪比条件下,传统的基于旋转不变技术的三维信号参数估计(three-dimensional estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance te chniques,3D-ESPRIT)算法和平方前后向平滑的3D-ESPRIT(quadr atic-forward-backward 3D-ESPRIT,Q-FB-3D-ESPRIT)算法对几何绕射理论(geometric theory of diffraction,GTD)模型参数估计精度显著降低的问题,提出改进的极化Q-FB-3D-ESPRIT(polarized-Q-FB-3D-ESPRIT,PQ-FB-3D-ESPRIT)算法。改进算法与上述两种传统算法相比,增加了对目标极化信息的利用,有效延长了可利用电磁散射数据的长度。仿真结果表明,改进算法的参数估计精度要高于其他两种算法,且在低信噪比情况下尤为显著。此外,还对基于散射中心模型的雷达目标识别进行了研究,仿真结果进一步验证了所提算法的可行性。展开更多
二维基于旋转不变技术信号参数估计(2D-estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques,2D-ESPRIT)算法是估计几何绕射理论(geometric theory of diffraction,GTD)模型参数的一种经典算法,但在信噪比较低的条件下,2...二维基于旋转不变技术信号参数估计(2D-estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques,2D-ESPRIT)算法是估计几何绕射理论(geometric theory of diffraction,GTD)模型参数的一种经典算法,但在信噪比较低的条件下,2D-ESPRIT算法的参数估计精度明显下降,噪声鲁棒性较差。针对这一问题,提出一种极化平方前后向平滑2D-ESPRIT(polarized-quadratic-forward-backward 2D-ESPRIT,PQ-FB-2D-ESPRIT)算法,有效地提高了算法的噪声鲁棒性与参数估计性能。改进算法利用目标散射回波数据的极化信息,并通过对协方差矩阵平方处理和前后向空间平滑处理,提高了算法的参数估计性能与数据利用率,同时达到了去相关的效果。仿真结果表明,提出的PQ-FB-2D-ESPRIT算法的参数估计性能及噪声鲁棒性要优于经典2D-ESPRIT算法、前后向平滑2D-ESPRIT(forward-backward 2D-ESPRIT,FB-2D-ESPRIT)算法及平方FB-2D-ESPRIT(quadraticFB-2D-ESPRIT,Q-FB-2D-ESPRIT)算法。基于不同算法估计得到的GTD模型参数对散射中心的定位精度进行比较,进一步验证了改进算法的优越性与有效性。展开更多
传统的基于弹跳射线(shooting and bouncing ray,SBR)技术的散射中心提取方法只考虑了理想点模型,但理想点模型无法描述散射中心的频率依赖特性。对此,提出一种基于弹跳射线技术的三维几何绕射理论(geometrical theory of diffraction,G...传统的基于弹跳射线(shooting and bouncing ray,SBR)技术的散射中心提取方法只考虑了理想点模型,但理想点模型无法描述散射中心的频率依赖特性。对此,提出一种基于弹跳射线技术的三维几何绕射理论(geometrical theory of diffraction,GTD)模型构建方法,在通过传统方法获取的理想点模型的基础上,利用射线管数据正向推算散射中心的频率依赖参数并修正其径向位置,实现了高精度三维GTD模型构建。仿真结果表明,点频、单视角下构建的三维GTD模型不仅能准确重构相同条件下的雷达散射截面(radar cross section,RCS),还能实现宽带RCS外推,能够满足目标宽带散射数据高效压缩和快速重构的应用需求。展开更多
Understanding the physical features of the diffracted sound field on the surface of an axisymmetric body is important for predicting the self-noise of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform. The diffracted sound fi...Understanding the physical features of the diffracted sound field on the surface of an axisymmetric body is important for predicting the self-noise of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform. The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body was calculated by the geometrical theory of diffraction. The diffraction ray between the source point and the receiving point on the surface of an axisymmetric body was calculated by using the dynamic programming method. Based on the diffracted sound field, a simulation scheme for the noise correlation of the conformal array was presented. It was shown that the normalized pressure of the diffracted sound field from the transition region reduced with the increases of the frequency and the curvature of the ray. The flow noises of two models were compared and a rather optimum fore-body geometric shape was given. Furthermore, it was shown that the correlation of the flow noise in the low frequencies was stronger than that in the high frequencies. And the flow noise received by the acoustic array on the curved surface had a stronger correlation than that on the head plane at the designed center frequency, which is important for sonar system design.展开更多
The noise robustness and parameter estimation performance of the classical three-dimensional estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques(3D-ESPRIT)algorithm are poor when the parameters of the geo...The noise robustness and parameter estimation performance of the classical three-dimensional estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques(3D-ESPRIT)algorithm are poor when the parameters of the geometric theory of the diffraction(GTD)model are estimated at low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a modified 3D-ESPRIT algorithm is proposed.The modified algorithm improves the parameter estimation accuracy by proposing a novel spatial smoothing technique.Firstly,we make cross-correlation of the auto-correlation matrices;then by averaging the cross-correlation matrices of the forward and backward spatial smoothing,we can obtain a novel equivalent spatial smoothing matrix.The formula of the modified algorithm is derived and the performance of this improved method is also analyzed.Then we compare root-meansquare-errors(RMSEs)of different parameters and the locating accuracy obtained by different algorithms.Furthermore,radar cross section(RCS)of radar targets is extrapolated.Simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the modified 3DESPRIT algorithm.展开更多
多视角多频带逆合成孔径雷达(inverse synthetic aperture radar,ISAR)融合成像技术克服了单雷达成像分辨率受发射带宽和观测视角的限制,是提高ISAR成像的二维分辨率的新手段。在宽带小角度观测条件下,针对目标散射系数随频率变化的情况...多视角多频带逆合成孔径雷达(inverse synthetic aperture radar,ISAR)融合成像技术克服了单雷达成像分辨率受发射带宽和观测视角的限制,是提高ISAR成像的二维分辨率的新手段。在宽带小角度观测条件下,针对目标散射系数随频率变化的情况,提出一种基于几何绕射理论(geometrical theory of diffraction,GTD)模型的多视角多频带ISAR融合成像方法。首先,以GTD模型为基础建立ISAR成像回波模型;然后,将多视角多频带ISAR融合成像问题转化为信号稀疏重构问题,并采用正交匹配追踪算法求解,在保证融合成像质量的同时提高了的成像效率;最后,利用仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。展开更多
In order to improve the identification capability of ultra wide-band radar,this paper in-troduces a step-variant multiresolution approach for the time-shift parameter estimation. Subsequently,combining with the approa...In order to improve the identification capability of ultra wide-band radar,this paper in-troduces a step-variant multiresolution approach for the time-shift parameter estimation. Subsequently,combining with the approach,a Geometrical Theory of Diffraction(GTD) model-based time-shift Invariant method to target identification using Matching Pursuits and Likelihood Ratio Test(IMPLRT) is developed. Simulation results using measured scattering signatures of two targets in an ultra wide-band chamber are presented contrasting the performance of the IMPLRT to the Wang's MPLRT technique.展开更多
文摘针对雷达目标散射中心GTD(Geometric Theory of Diffraction)模型最大似然估计中存在的高维、非线性、混合参数估计问题,提出一种基于协同粒子群优化算法的参数估计方法.该方法能够同时估计得到散射中心的类型、幅度和位置参数,且对初始值不敏感,与基于RELAX的估计方法相比,不需要反复迭代估计,降低了计算复杂度.仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够较准确地估计得到GTD模型的散射中心参数.
文摘几何绕射理论(Geometrical Theory of Diffraction,GTD)模型能够精确描述高频区雷达目标的电磁散射机理。该文在分析雷达回波稀疏特性的基础上,将参数估计问题转化为压缩感知理论中的稀疏信号重构问题,据此提出了一种基于压缩感知的2维GTD模型参数估计方法。该方法首先利用2维傅里叶变换成像确定目标散射中心的支撑区域,然后在支撑区域内对散射中心的GTD参数进行估计,最后利用聚类方法和最小二乘方法对估计结果进行修正。仿真和暗室测量数据实验结果表明,与现有方法相比,所提方法能有效改善模型参数的估计性能,且对提高散射中心类型参数的估计精度更为明显。
文摘针对全极化二维GTD散射中心模型,首先提出一种二维极化线性变化(polarization linear variationPL)的ESPRIT算法(2D-PL-ESPRIT)用于提取雷达目标散射中心参数;其次,就2D-PL-ESPRIT算法提取目标散射中心的可行性进行了理论分析。相比通过多个单极化通道方法提取散射中心,2D-PL-ESPRIT算法可以有效提高参数估计精度,降低计算复杂度;相比二维极化并行(parallel polarization,PP)的全极化MUSIC方法(2D-PP-MUSIC),2D-PL-ESPRIT算法避免了复杂的二维谱峰搜索以及通过子空间正交方法判断散射类型的步骤,有效降低了运算量。之后,对三种算法进行了复乘计算量的比较以说明2D-PL-ESPRIT算法具有较高的运算效率。最后,通过仿真实验验证了2D-PL-ESPRIT方法用于全极化2D-GTD模型散射中心提取的有效性。
文摘针对传统的几何绕射理论(geometric theory of diffraction,GTD)模型参数估计方法存在模型定阶困难、低分辨率时多散射中心难以准确估计、计算量大、易收敛于局部极值等问题,提出一种组合松弛(RELAX)算法和改进粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)的GTD模型参数估计新方法。该算法基于RELAX思想,可以有效解决模型定阶问题;通过成像处理给定距离参数初值,并引入变异机制,使之能够稳定高效地收敛于全局最优值;在每次估计时通过检验同一分辨单元内是否存在多个散射中心,使之具有较好的超分辨能力。实验结果表明,该算法可以高效准确地估计GTD模型的散射中心参数。
文摘针对低信噪比条件下,传统的基于旋转不变技术的三维信号参数估计(three-dimensional estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance te chniques,3D-ESPRIT)算法和平方前后向平滑的3D-ESPRIT(quadr atic-forward-backward 3D-ESPRIT,Q-FB-3D-ESPRIT)算法对几何绕射理论(geometric theory of diffraction,GTD)模型参数估计精度显著降低的问题,提出改进的极化Q-FB-3D-ESPRIT(polarized-Q-FB-3D-ESPRIT,PQ-FB-3D-ESPRIT)算法。改进算法与上述两种传统算法相比,增加了对目标极化信息的利用,有效延长了可利用电磁散射数据的长度。仿真结果表明,改进算法的参数估计精度要高于其他两种算法,且在低信噪比情况下尤为显著。此外,还对基于散射中心模型的雷达目标识别进行了研究,仿真结果进一步验证了所提算法的可行性。
文摘二维基于旋转不变技术信号参数估计(2D-estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques,2D-ESPRIT)算法是估计几何绕射理论(geometric theory of diffraction,GTD)模型参数的一种经典算法,但在信噪比较低的条件下,2D-ESPRIT算法的参数估计精度明显下降,噪声鲁棒性较差。针对这一问题,提出一种极化平方前后向平滑2D-ESPRIT(polarized-quadratic-forward-backward 2D-ESPRIT,PQ-FB-2D-ESPRIT)算法,有效地提高了算法的噪声鲁棒性与参数估计性能。改进算法利用目标散射回波数据的极化信息,并通过对协方差矩阵平方处理和前后向空间平滑处理,提高了算法的参数估计性能与数据利用率,同时达到了去相关的效果。仿真结果表明,提出的PQ-FB-2D-ESPRIT算法的参数估计性能及噪声鲁棒性要优于经典2D-ESPRIT算法、前后向平滑2D-ESPRIT(forward-backward 2D-ESPRIT,FB-2D-ESPRIT)算法及平方FB-2D-ESPRIT(quadraticFB-2D-ESPRIT,Q-FB-2D-ESPRIT)算法。基于不同算法估计得到的GTD模型参数对散射中心的定位精度进行比较,进一步验证了改进算法的优越性与有效性。
文摘传统的基于弹跳射线(shooting and bouncing ray,SBR)技术的散射中心提取方法只考虑了理想点模型,但理想点模型无法描述散射中心的频率依赖特性。对此,提出一种基于弹跳射线技术的三维几何绕射理论(geometrical theory of diffraction,GTD)模型构建方法,在通过传统方法获取的理想点模型的基础上,利用射线管数据正向推算散射中心的频率依赖参数并修正其径向位置,实现了高精度三维GTD模型构建。仿真结果表明,点频、单视角下构建的三维GTD模型不仅能准确重构相同条件下的雷达散射截面(radar cross section,RCS),还能实现宽带RCS外推,能够满足目标宽带散射数据高效压缩和快速重构的应用需求。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundational of China (Grant No.10774119)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.NCET-08-0455)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China (Grant No.SJ08F07)the Foundation of National Laboratory of Acoustics of Chinathe Foundation for Fundamental Research of Northwestern Polytechnical University of China (Grant No.2007004)
文摘Understanding the physical features of the diffracted sound field on the surface of an axisymmetric body is important for predicting the self-noise of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform. The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body was calculated by the geometrical theory of diffraction. The diffraction ray between the source point and the receiving point on the surface of an axisymmetric body was calculated by using the dynamic programming method. Based on the diffracted sound field, a simulation scheme for the noise correlation of the conformal array was presented. It was shown that the normalized pressure of the diffracted sound field from the transition region reduced with the increases of the frequency and the curvature of the ray. The flow noises of two models were compared and a rather optimum fore-body geometric shape was given. Furthermore, it was shown that the correlation of the flow noise in the low frequencies was stronger than that in the high frequencies. And the flow noise received by the acoustic array on the curved surface had a stronger correlation than that on the head plane at the designed center frequency, which is important for sonar system design.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61372033).
文摘The noise robustness and parameter estimation performance of the classical three-dimensional estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques(3D-ESPRIT)algorithm are poor when the parameters of the geometric theory of the diffraction(GTD)model are estimated at low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a modified 3D-ESPRIT algorithm is proposed.The modified algorithm improves the parameter estimation accuracy by proposing a novel spatial smoothing technique.Firstly,we make cross-correlation of the auto-correlation matrices;then by averaging the cross-correlation matrices of the forward and backward spatial smoothing,we can obtain a novel equivalent spatial smoothing matrix.The formula of the modified algorithm is derived and the performance of this improved method is also analyzed.Then we compare root-meansquare-errors(RMSEs)of different parameters and the locating accuracy obtained by different algorithms.Furthermore,radar cross section(RCS)of radar targets is extrapolated.Simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the modified 3DESPRIT algorithm.
文摘多视角多频带逆合成孔径雷达(inverse synthetic aperture radar,ISAR)融合成像技术克服了单雷达成像分辨率受发射带宽和观测视角的限制,是提高ISAR成像的二维分辨率的新手段。在宽带小角度观测条件下,针对目标散射系数随频率变化的情况,提出一种基于几何绕射理论(geometrical theory of diffraction,GTD)模型的多视角多频带ISAR融合成像方法。首先,以GTD模型为基础建立ISAR成像回波模型;然后,将多视角多频带ISAR融合成像问题转化为信号稀疏重构问题,并采用正交匹配追踪算法求解,在保证融合成像质量的同时提高了的成像效率;最后,利用仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。
文摘In order to improve the identification capability of ultra wide-band radar,this paper in-troduces a step-variant multiresolution approach for the time-shift parameter estimation. Subsequently,combining with the approach,a Geometrical Theory of Diffraction(GTD) model-based time-shift Invariant method to target identification using Matching Pursuits and Likelihood Ratio Test(IMPLRT) is developed. Simulation results using measured scattering signatures of two targets in an ultra wide-band chamber are presented contrasting the performance of the IMPLRT to the Wang's MPLRT technique.