Data-enhanced revealing of trends in Geoscience

Purpose:This article presents an in-depth analysis of global research trends in Geosciences from 2014 to 2023.By integrating bibliometric analysis with expert insights from the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)initiative,this article identifies key emerging themes shaping the landscape of Earth Sciences①.Design/methodology/approach:The identification process involved a meticulous analysis of over 400,000 papers from 466 Geosciences journals and approximately 5,800 papers from 93 interdisciplinary journals sourced from the Web of Science and Dimensions database.To map relationships between articles,citation networks were constructed,and spectral clustering algorithms were then employed to identify groups of related research,resulting in 407 clusters.Relevant research terms were extracted using the Log-Likelihood Ratio(LLR)algorithm,followed by statistical analyses on the volume of papers,average publication year,and average citation count within each cluster.Additionally,expert knowledge from DDE Scientific Committee was utilized to select top 30 trends based on their representation,relevance,and impact within Geosciences,and finalize naming of these top trends with consideration of the content and implications of the associated research.This comprehensive approach in systematically delineating and characterizing the trends in a way which is understandable to geoscientists.Findings:Thirty significant trends were identified in the field of Geosciences,spanning five domains:deep space,deep time,deep Earth,habitable Earth,and big data.These topics reflect the latest trends and advancements in Geosciences and have the potential to address real-world problems that are closely related to society,science,and technology.Research limitations:The analyzed data of this study only contain those were included in the Web of Science.Practical implications:This study will strongly support the organizations and individual scientists to understand the modern frontier of earth science,especially on solid earth.The organizations such as the surveys or natural science fund could map out areas for future exploration and analyze the hot topics reference to this study.Originality/value:This paper integrates bibliometric analysis with expert insights to highlight the most significant trends on earth science and reach the individual scientist and public by global voting.

Geoscience Education in an Irish Context: A Need for Research

Perception and understanding of geoscience in Ireland by non-geoscientists have not been studied in depth, and an improvement in understanding how geoscience is perceived and engaged with will have significant impact on Ireland’s ability to meet a range of challenges, including hotly debated geoscience issues such as fossil fuel dependency, raw mineral management, water security, and shale gas extraction (particularly fracking). Geoscience plays an important role in society, and the understanding of geoscience of an average Irish person will be based on formal education (at primary and secondary level) and informal education through public outreach and news media. Geoscience is expanding in formal education and informal education is increasingly delivered online. Geoscience education in Ireland has not been studied in detail, and a better understanding of the state of geoscience education could improve connections between geoscientists and non-geoscientists. This paper discusses the scope of potential research into geoscience education in Ireland that could and should be undertaken in order to best understand and describe the state of geoscience education, and geoscience in society. Mixed-method research should be undertaken to study geoscience education at multiple levels and targeting multiple publics. This research into the state of geoscience education in Ireland would be valuable, to geoscientists and educators.

Machine learning in geosciences and remote sensing

Learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning（ML） is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The ML approach deals with the design of algorithms to learn from machine readable data. ML covers main domains such as data mining, difficultto-program applications, and software applications. It is a collection of a variety of algorithms（e.g. neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing map, decision trees, random forests, case-based reasoning, genetic programming, etc.） that can provide multivariate, nonlinear, nonparametric regression or classification. The modeling capabilities of the ML-based methods have resulted in their extensive applications in science and engineering. Herein, the role of ML as an effective approach for solving problems in geosciences and remote sensing will be highlighted. The unique features of some of the ML techniques will be outlined with a specific attention to genetic programming paradigm. Furthermore,nonparametric regression and classification illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of ML for tackling the geosciences and remote sensing problems.

Application of 3-D Geoscience Modeling Technology for the Estimation of Solid Mineral Reserves

Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology （3-D GMT）, this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT： building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.

基于InCites的ESI Geoscience学科数据统计与分析——以南京师范大学为例

利用InCites数据库,对南京师范大学ESI Geoscience学科2007—2017年间发表的论文,从发文量、被引频次、发文作者、合作机构等方面进行了数据整理和分析统计,从学科规范化影响力(CNCI)和篇均被引等方面同其他院校进行了对比分析,以全面了解南京师范大学Geoscience学科目前的发展状况,提出了推进该学科ESI排名提升的措施与建议。

Major contribution to carbon neutrality by China’s geosciences and geological technologies

In the context of global climate change,geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solving the problem of carbon neutrality.This paper discusses the main problems,opportunities,and challenges that can be solved by the participation of geosciences in carbon neutrality,as well as China’s response to them.The main scientific problems involved and the geological work carried out mainly fall into three categories:(1)Carbon emission reduction technology(natural gas hydrate,geothermal,hot dry rock,nuclear energy,hydropower,wind energy,solar energy,hydrogen energy);(2)carbon sequestration technology(carbon capture and storage,underground space utilization);(3)key minerals needed to support carbon neutralization(raw materials for energy transformation,carbon reduction technology).Therefore,geosciences and geological technologies are needed:First,actively participate in the development of green energy such as natural gas,geothermal energy,hydropower,hot dry rock,and key energy minerals,and develop exploration and exploitation technologies such as geothermal energy and natural gas;the second is to do a good job in geological support for new energy site selection,carry out an in-depth study on geotechnical feasibility and mitigation measures,and form the basis of relevant economic decisions to reduce costs and prevent geological disasters;the third is to develop and coordinate relevant departments of geosciences,organize and carry out strategic research on natural resources,carry out theoretical system research on global climate change and other issues under the guidance of earth system science theory,and coordinate frontier scientific information and advanced technological tools of various disciplines.The goal of carbon neutrality provides new opportunities and challenges for geosciences research.In the future,it is necessary to provide theoretical and technical support from various aspects,enhance the ability of climate adaptation,and support the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.

The Geoscience Transect from Xiangshui,Jiangsu Province to Mandal,Inner Mongolia

The Xiangshui to Mandal geoscience transect, which has a total length of 1,200 km, extends diagonally,from SE to NW, across the Sino-Korean plate and its ancient continental margin, passing through nine tectonicunits: the Subei-Jiaonan terrane, West Shandong block, North China rift basin, Taihang-Wutai block, Ordosblock, Hu-Bao (Hohhot-Baotou) Basin, Yinshan block and Inner Mongolian fold system. The graphic display of the transect is compiled according to the Guidelines for the Global GeoscienceTransect (GGT) Project on the basis of an integrated study of all available geological, geochemical andgeophysical data, thus bringing light to the process of cratonization of the Sino-Korean plate and its relation-ship with the transitional zone of the ancient continental margin, and the features of intraplate structures pro-duced by subsequent tectonic modifications and intraplate dynamics.

Climate change impacts on environmental geosciences: Introduction

Climate change and its impacts have become topical issues of global news,scientific research and conferences.Environmental Geosciences incorporate the various disciplines of geosciences and their multifaceted interactions with life.Research discussions on the interaction of climate change,geosciences and environment may often be blur,and Schmidt-Thoméet al.(2010)stated that“Often past climate changes that can be deduced from geological records may help in understanding the speed of potential climate change effects,i.e.how quickly have sea levels changed,how drastic has nature reacted to ups and downs in temperature,etc.These analyses of past events help in giving outlooks on potential changes in our living environment.It is also of important to understand the magnitude and potential effects of extreme events,such as droughts and floods”.

The Yadong-Golmud Geoscience Transect in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

On the basis of abundant geological and geophysical data. 6 terranes have been distinguished on theQinghai-Tibet Plateau. The plateau is a single integrated lithospheric unit although it is divided into blocks.With Amdo as a boundary. the crust may be divided into two parts with different crustal structures. The struc-ture in the southern part is complex, while that in the northern part is simple. The current study has revealedthat 8 factors such as slab subduction. overthrust and superimposition are responsible for crustal shorteningand thickening in the region. The uplift of this region is possibly due to northward compression of the Indianplate and southward compression of the Eurasian plate with the former predominating. The compression led tothe asthenospheric movements which were also influenced by thermal activity caused by doming at the bound-ary between the core and mantle.

Geoscience Frontiers Best Paper Award

GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS （GSF） has instituted an Award （GSF Best Paper Award） to the author（s） of the paper judged to be the best published each year from 2012 onwards. The objective of this recognition is to encourage high quality studies on the frontier fields of Earth Sciences. Only articles that contain original research data and/or models are eligible for the Award, and can include arti- cles published under the categories of ＂FOCUS＂ and ＂RESEARCH PAPERS＂. The Award Committee comprising of members nomi- nated from the Editorial Board/Council of GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS, shall be responsible for assessing the papers published during each year, and for selecting the winning paper.

Progress of machine learning in geosciences:Preface

In the past two decades, artificial intelligence （AI） algorithms have proved to be promising tools for solving several tough scientific problems, As a broad subfield of AI, machine learning is concerned with algorithms and techniques that allow computers to ＂learn＂. The machine learning approach covers main domains such as data mining, difficult-to-program applications, and soft- ware applications. It is a collection of a variety of algorithms that can provide multivariate, nonlinear, nonparametric regression or classification. The remarkable simulation capabilities of the ma- chine learning-based methods have resulted in their extensive ap- plications in science and engineering. Recently, the machine learning techniques have found many applications in the geoscien- ces and remote sensing. More specifically, these techniques are proved to be practical for cases where the system＇s deterministic model is computationally expensive or there is no deterministic model to solve the problem （Lary, 2010）.

Geoscience Frontiers 2017 Annual Convention

The 2017 Geoscience Frontiers Annual Convention was held in Beijing, China during October 19e21, 2017 hosted by China University of Geosciences, Beijing (Fig. 1). This convention assembled earth scientists from seven countries, including Australia (Dr. Christopher Spencer and Dr. Stijn Glorie), Korea (Dr. S. Kwon), India (Dr. Shaji Erath), Japan (Dr. Toshiaki Tsunogae and Dr. Masaki Yoshida), Russia (Dr. Inna Safonova), UK (Dr. Nick Roberts), China, and also representatives from Elsevier (Beijing).

Geoscience Frontiers Referees 2016

The contributions of referees continue to be essential to the maintenance of the quality of the papers published in Geoscience Frontiers. Their critiques and hard work in reviewing, and sometimes, re-reviewing manuscripts submitted to the journal are highly appreciated by the Editors, GSF Editorial Office staff and Publisher. We wish to use this opportunity to thank all the following referees of manuscripts submitted in 2016 for their valuable input and patronage.

Geoscience Frontiers Referees 2012

The contributions of referees continue to be essential to the maintenance of the quality of the papers published in Geoscience Frontiers. Their critiques and hard work in reviewing,and sometimes,re-reviewing manuscripts submitted to the journal are highly appreciated by the Editors,GSF Editorial Office staff and Publisher.We wish to use this opportunity to thank all the following referees of manuscripts submitted in 2012.

Open Access to Geological Research of China——"Geoscience Periodical Network of China"

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chinese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration. Welcome to visit our website： http：//www.geojournals.cn/

欢迎向英文刊《Geoscience Frontiers》投稿

《Geoscience Frontiers》是2010年获国家新闻出版总署批准的新英文刊物,由中国地质大学(北京)、北京大学主办,2010年10月创刊出版。《Geoscience Frontiers》的办刊宗旨为:瞄准国际地学领域学科前沿,发表国内外地学前缘研究成果,探索地学前缘发展态势,为推动地学事业和加速我国现代化建设服务。

欢迎向英文刊《Geoscience Frontiers》投稿

《Geoscience Frontiers》是2010年获国家新闻出版总署批准的新英文刊物,由中国地质大学(北京)、北京大学主办,2010年10月创刊出版。《Geoscience Frontiers》的办刊宗旨为:瞄准国际地学领域学科前沿,发表国内外地学前缘研究成果,探索地学前缘发展态势,为推动地学事业和加速我国现代化建设服务。诚邀国内外地学专家向《Geoscience Frontiers》投稿。本刊参考文献采用著者出版年制。

Geoscience Frontiers Referees 2015

The contributions of referees continue to be essential to the maintenance of the quality of the papers published in Geoscience Frontiers. Their critiques and hard work in reviewing, and sometimes, re-reviewing manuscripts submitted to the journal are highly appreciated by the Editors, GSF Editorial Office staff and Publisher. We wish to use this opportunity to thank all the following referees of manuscripts submitted in 2015 for their valuable input and patronage.

Open Access to Geological Research of China—“Geoscience Periodical Network of China”

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chirtese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration.

Open Access to Geological Research of China——“Geoscience Periodical Network China”

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chinese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration. Welcome to visit our website： http：//www.geojournals.cn/