Applicability of Community Periodontal Index Teeth and Random Half-mouth Examination to Gingival Bleeding Assessment in Untreated Adult Population in Beijing

Objective To assess whether Community Periodontal Index (CPI) teeth and random half-mouth methods are representative of full-mouth method in gingival bleeding examination. Methods Data from 1000 untreated adults (age > 18) collected in Beijing from January 2000 to January 2001 were utilized in the analysis. Half of the subjects were examined by Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) and the other half by Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI). The data were sorted out and calculated according to CPI teeth and random half-mouth teeth methods. The results of the 2 methods were separately compared with those of full-mouth examination. Results There was a significant difference between CPI teeth method and full-mouth examination (P<0.05) in both GBI and SBI. In contrast, compared with full-mouth examination, significant difference was not observed in diagonal or ipsilateral half-mouth results in SBI (P>0.05), nor in diagonal half-mouth results in GBI (P>0.05) Conclusions The results of CPI teeth method on gingival bleeding could not reflect the full-mouth situation. Ipsilateral and diagonal half-mouth results can serve as a substitute for full-mouth results in SBI, while diagonal half-mouth results in GBI.

Therapeutic effect of neurogrowth factor in the treatment of gingival pain and swelling in patients with dental pulp necrosis after root canal therapy

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of neurogrowth factor in the treatment of gingival pain and swelling in patients with dental pulp necrosis after root canal therapy and the effect on the serum inflammatory cytokines. Methods: A total of 156 patients with gingival pain and swelling after root canal therapy due to dental pulp necrosis were included in the study and randomized into the control group (n=78) and teh treatment group (n=78). The patients in the control group were given metronidazole tablets. On the above basis, the patients in the treatment group were given local injection of neurogrowth factors. 10-day treatment was regarded as one course, and the patients were continuously treated for 2 courses. The improvement of clinical symptoms before and after treatment in the two groups was evaluated. Gingival sulcus index and serum inflammatory cytokines before and after treatment in the two groups were detected and compared. Results: When compared with before treatment, the periodontal soft tissue swelling, tooth mobility, and periapical pain scores after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced, and those in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. When compared with before treatment, the gingival sulcus bleeding index 1 and 2 courses after treatment in the two groups was significantly reduced, and that 2 courses after treatment was significantly lower than that after 1 course treatment. The gingival sulcus bleeding index 1 and 2 courses after treatment in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. When compared with before treatment, the serum IL-8 and IL-6 levels after treatment in the two groups, and TNF-α level after treatment in the treatment group were significantly reduced, and the above indicators in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusions: The neurogrowth factors in the treatment of gingival pain and swelling in patients with dental pulp necrosis after root canal therapy can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, and inhibit the inflammatory reaction, with a significant efficacy.

Spatial/temporal indexing and information visualization genre for environmental digital libraries

Protecting and preserving our environmental systems require the ability to understand the spatio-temporal distri- bution of soils, parent material, topography, and land cover as well as the effects of human activities on ecosystems. Space-time modelling of ecosystems in an environmental digital library is essential for visualizing past, present, and future impacts of changes occurring within such landscapes (e.g., shift in land use practices). In this paper, we describe three novel features, spa- tio-temporal indexing, visualization, and geostatistical genre, for the environmental digital library, Environmental Visualization and Geographic Enterprise System (ENVISAGE), currently in progress at the University of Florida.

杂粮的有效利用——低GI(Glycaemic Index)食品的必要性(英文)

研究了在体重过多人群的食生活里导入杂粮的有效性以及杂粮食谱的营养价值。营养价值参考了日本厚生劳动省发表的"日本人食事摄取基准",这资料标示了目标热量、各种营养成分的目标摄取量以及许多项目的极限程度。因为极限程度与年龄、性别和生理状态有关,在此我们以普通生活的成人作为基准。杂粮中的营养成分,苋的热量358kcal、蛋白质12.7g、脂肪6.0g、糖质64.9g、食物纤维7.4g、Na 1.0mg、P540mg、Fe 9.4mg、Ca 160mg、K 600mg、Cu 0.92mg、Zn 5.8mg、Mn 6.14mg、维生素A 2.0ug以及微量的维生素C。经过研讨设计了营养平衡最佳的食谱为:糙米200g、苋50g、andeskinua50g、大豆110g、甘薯200g、绿黄色蔬菜(小青菜)300g、鸡蛋55g以及泥鳅100g。食用这个食谱可以摄取热量2007 kcal(是基准摄取量的100%),其他营养成分的摄取量与基准摄取量相比分别为:蛋白质173%、脂肪72%、碳水化物105%、K 332%、Ca262%、Mg 267%、P 250%、Fe 420%、Zn 183%、Cu 343%、VA 126%、VD 100%、VE 142%、VK 940%、VB1237%、VB2174%、烟碱酸201%、VB6218%、VB12375%、叶酸350%、泛酸160%、VC 176%、食物纤维185%、盐分5%以及Mn 273%。不足的盐分可以使用调味料来补充。氨基酸的摄取量推测是基准值的100%。蛋白质:脂肪:碳水化物的比例是19.0∶18.0∶63.0,与理想的平衡比接近。

A Novel Hybrid Method for Measuring the Spatial Autocorrelation of Vehicular Crashes: Combining Moran’s Index and Getis-Ord G_i<sup style='margin-left:-7px;'>*</sup>Statistic

Spatial autocorrelation is a measure of the correlation of an observation with other observations through space. Most statistical analyses are based on the assumption that the values of observations are independent of one another. Spatial autocorrelation violates this assumption, because observations at near-by locations are related to each other, and hence, the consideration of spatial autocorrelations has been gaining attention in crash data modeling in recent years, and research have shown that ignoring this factor may lead to a biased estimation of the modeling parameters. This paper examines two spatial autocorrelation indices: Moran’s Index;and Getis-Ord Gi* statistic to measure the spatial autocorrelation of vehicle crashes occurred in Boone County roads in the state of Missouri, USA for the years 2013-2015. Since each index can identify different clustering patterns of crashes, therefore this paper introduces a new hybrid method to identify the crash clustering patterns by combining both Moran’s Index and Gi*?statistic. Results show that the new method can effectively improve the number, extent, and type of crash clustering along roadways.

Integrating Lithostratigraphic Units and GIS-Analysis Techniques to Modified Surface Water Quality Index

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using Bicarbonate and Calcium parameters as alternatives to the lithostratigraphic units covered the catchment area, on water quality index (WQI) values that have been implemented with GIS technique at Wadi Al-Arab Dam. The analyzed results (by WQI method) have been used to depict water quality for the two approaches. Based on physico-chemical parameters, the calculated values for WQI over the 3-year for study period were 169, 168, and 157, respectively. While the WQI values were 184, 183 and 172, respectively, as a result of incorporated Bicarbonate and Calcium parameters in WQI calculations that significantly contributed to increasing the WQI. The elevated values may be attributed to the influence of carbonate stone dissolution and mechanical erosion under weathering conditions that are prevalent during winter season in the catchment area. As a consequence of lithostratigraphic unites product and GIS technique integration and normalization processes, most of water quality ranks are good and only autumn season has poor water quality in the 2012 and 2013, while in 2014 it has good water quality in the same season. The WQI values increase in general trend from winter to autumn seasons during the study period that may be referred to outflow by daily consumption, evaporation rising, and seepage water. The analysis shows that the modified water quality values of the Wadi Al-Arab Dam Reservoir (WADR) vary after using Bicarbonate and Calcium parameters by constant value. Generally, the results signify that the WADR is not polluted based on the physical and chemical characteristics of water.

基于机-热-电多参量信号特征的GIS隔离开关状态评估方法

气体绝缘开关(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)设备中的隔离开关故障往往是机械、热、电气多物理量综合作用的结果,从微小缺陷发展至严重故障的过程中,会产生异常振动、温度、局部放电多种参量信号,同时测量并分析GIS隔离开关的多参量信息对于准确获取其运行状态具有重要意义。文中通过在实体220 kV GIS实验平台上模拟隔离开关最为常见的接触不良缺陷,研究不同接触状态时振动信号、温度变化和局部放电信号的演化规律,获得其与设备状态之间的对应关系,结合健康指数理论和改进层次分析法,提出基于多参量特征的GIS隔离开关综合评估方法。使用该方法开展现场测试,其检查结果与多参量综合评估方法的的分析结果相吻合。文中的研究为GIS隔离开关状态的带电检测提供了一种可行性较高的多参量融合分析新方法。

Nigella sativa oil as a treatment for gingivitis: A randomized active-control trial

Objective: To assess the clinical anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial efficacy of Nigella sativa oil compared with chlorhexidine in patients with gingivitis. Methods: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in patients having chronic generalized gingivitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive Nigella sativa oil(n=18) or chlorhexidine(n=19). The following assessments were made on day 0 and day 15: plaque index, gingival index, gingival IL-6 and IL-18 levels were measured using ELISA, plaque colony-forming units, and alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus strains. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests and Fisher’s exact test.Results: Both interventions reduced plaque index and gingival index scores(P<0.000 1). The Nigella sativa oil group was better at lowering IL-6(P=0.007 6) than the chlorhexidine group(P=0.145), although there was no change in IL-18 levels(P>0.05). The post-intervention plaque index and gingival index scores and inflammatory cytokine levels between the two groups were not significantly different. Both interventions caused a significant reduction in the plaque colony-forming units(P<0.000 1), reducing pathogenic bacteria: Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus parasanguinis in the chlorhexidine group(50%)(P=0.103 1), and the Nigella sativa oil group(20%)(P=0.739 5). Conclusions: Nigella sativa oil had anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities, reducing biofilm formation and disrupting the colonization of pathogenic bacteria essential for the progression of periodontal disease. Nigella sativa oil could offer an alternative therapy for treating gingivitis and may prevent associated systemic diseases and improve overall health outcomes.

Research of the Differential Uplifting in the Palongzangbu Region Based on the Synthesis of the Watershed Index and Seismic Data

Research on the differential uplifting in the Palongzangbu region is crucial to understanding the tectonic deformation mechanism and establishing the model of the faulted blocks in the region of the east structural knot.In this paper,based on the ASTER-30m DEM,we calculate the hypsometry index(HI)of 19 watersheds in the Palongzangbu region,and study the differential uplifting in this region combining with seismic data,the ground deposition and erosion process.The result shows that the spatial distribution of the HI value can reflect the differential uplifting in the study area.Differential uplifting exists within different zones,and there are 2 relative strong uplifting centers.One center is near the east structural knot,and the other lies between the Lhari fault and Nujiang fault at their converging segment.Also,the watershed evolution,seismic activity,and ground deposition and erosion process are closely related to each other,and they constitute a chain of evidence which reveals the whole process from the tectonic movement underground to the landform evolution on the surface.

Detection and Mapping of Water Quality Variation in the Godavari River Using Water Quality Index, Clustering and GIS Techniques

The objective of this research is to develop a tool for planning and managing the water quality of River Godavari. This is achieved by classifying the pollution levels of Godavari River into several categories using water quality index and a clustering approach that ensure simple but accurate information about the pollution levels and water characteristics at any point in Godavari River in Maharashtra. The derived water quality indices and clusters were then visualized by using a Geographical Information System to draw thematic maps of Godavari River, thus making GIS as a decision support system. The obtained maps may assist the decision makers in managing and controlling pollution in the Godavari River. This also provides an effective overview of those spots in the Godavari River where intensified monitoring activities are required. Consequently, the obtained results make a major contribution to the assessment of the State’s water quality monitoring network. Three significant groups (less polluted, moderately and highly polluted sites) were detected by Cluster Analysis method. The results of Discriminant Analysis revealed that five parameters?i.e.?pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Faecal Coliform (FC), Total Coliform (TC) and Ammonical Nitrogen (NH3-N) were necessary for analysis in spatial variation. Using discriminant function developed in the analysis, 100% of the original sites were correctly classified.

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in the Deep Maastrichtian Aquifer of Senegal Using Multivariate Statistics and Water Quality Index-Based GIS

A regional groundwater quality evaluation was conducted in the deep Maastrichtian aquifer of Senegal through multivariate statistical analysis and a GIS-based water quality index using physicochemical data from 232 boreholes distributed over the whole country. The aim was to 1) identify the water types and likely factors influencing the hydrochemistry, and 2) determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. Results showed that sodium, chloride, and fluoride are highly correlated with electrical conductivity (EC) reflecting the significant contribution of these elements to groundwater mineralization. The principal component analysis evidenced: 1) salinization processes (loaded by Na+, K+, EC, Cl-, F- and HCO3-) controlled by water/rock interaction, seawater intrusion and cation exchange reactions;2) dolomite dissolution loaded by the couple Ca2+ and Mg2+ and 3) localized mixing with upper aquifers and gypsum dissolution respectively loaded by NO3- and SO42-. The hierarchical clustering analysis distinguished four clusters: 1) freshwater (EC = 594 μs/cm) with mixed-HCO3 water type and ionic contents below WHO standard;2) brackish (Na-mixed) water type with moderate mineralization content (1310 μs/cm), 3) brackish (Na-Cl) water type depicted by high EC values (3292 μs/cm) and ionic contents above WHO and 4) saline water with Na-Cl water type and very high mineralization contents (5953 μs/cm). The mapping of the groundwater quality index indicated suitable zones for drinking accounting for 54% of the entire area. The occurrence of a central brackish band and its vicinity, which were characterized by high mineralization, yielded unsuitable groundwater for drinking and agricultural uses. The approach used in this study was valuable for assessing groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation, and it can be used for regional studies in other locations, particularly in shallow and vulnerable aquifers.

低GI枸杞杂粮代餐粉的体外消化特性

为探究低血糖生成指数(Glycemic index,GI)枸杞杂粮代餐粉的体外消化特性,本研究对各原料粉及代餐粉的基本组分、吸水率及吸水膨胀率、淀粉组分、淀粉水解率及估计血糖生成指数(Estimate Glycemic index,eGI)值进行测定与分析,并通过体外模拟胃肠消化方法对比分析了各原料粉及代餐粉中蛋白质水解率、总酚含量、黄酮含量及抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明,代餐粉中脂肪和粗纤维含量相较于各原料粉处于偏低水平。各原料粉及代餐粉的高温吸水率为常温吸水率的2倍左右,其中代餐粉吸水率最低(常温条件下吸水率为0.27%±0.05%,高温条件下吸水率为0.59%±0.05%)。代餐粉中快速消化淀粉含量(40.4%±0.003%)及eGI值(23.4)相较于各原料粉均达到最低,而慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉含量均相对较高。体外模拟胃肠消化实验中,各原料粉及代餐粉蛋白质水解率均逐渐升高且水解主要以胃部为主,其中代餐粉蛋白水解率相对较高;总酚含量在胃肠消化期间均呈上升趋势且代餐粉在消化结束时含量达到最高(7.26 mg/g)。黄酮含量在模拟胃消化过程中明显增加,而在模拟肠消化中含量下降。DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基清除率在模拟胃消化过程中随时间延长显著(P<0.05)上升,而在模拟肠消化过程中随时间延长呈先上升后降低趋势,但整体变化幅度较为平缓。综上所述,枸杞杂粮代餐粉适合作为低GI原料或产品且具有良好的抗氧化能力,对于杂粮制品的开发具有一定指导的意义。

Compressive near-field millimeter wave imaging algorithm based on Gini index and total variation mixed regularization

A compressive near-field millimeter wave(MMW)imaging algorithm is proposed.From the compressed sensing(CS)theory,the compressive near-field MMW imaging process can be considered to reconstruct an image from the under-sampled sparse data.The Gini index(GI)has been founded that it is the only sparsity measure that has all sparsity attributes that are called Robin Hood,Scaling,Rising Tide,Cloning,Bill Gates,and Babies.By combining the total variation(TV)operator,the GI-TV mixed regularization introduced compressive near-field MMW imaging model is proposed.In addition,the corresponding algorithm based on a primal-dual framework is also proposed.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed GI-TV mixed regularization algorithm has superior convergence and stability performance compared with the widely used l1-TV mixed regularization algorithm.

基于RS与GIS技术的喀斯特煤矿区生态环境质量评价:以盘州市为例

针对喀斯特煤矿区特殊的地质环境特点,综合考虑影响生态环境质量的因素,选取与煤矿开采活动关联的指标因子,建立喀斯特煤矿区生态环境质量综合评价指标体系。通过对评价指标的分级处理,利用RS与GIS技术对指标因子进行单一评价分析,并在ArcGIS栅格数据空间叠加分析计算的支持下,采用综合指数法和层次分析法对盘州市生态环境质量进行综合评价,从而得到盘州市喀斯特煤矿区的生态环境质量等级。评价结果显示,盘州市生态环境质量大部分较好,优良等级占比达75.03%,但部分区域山高坡陡、植被覆盖度低及煤矿开采区相对应的生态环境情况较差;在生态环境保护及经济发展的规划中应以生态环境质量较差的区域为主,加强矿山土地复垦、植树造林等一系列生态恢复措施。在综合评价时引入生态环境质量网格化评价方法,通过一定范围内生态环境质量等级面积及权重的定量计算,为区域生态环境质量评价提供参考。

基于GIS的滇中地区人居环境适宜性评价

科学评估人居环境适宜性,有助于城市可持续发展,实现人类活动与自然环境和谐共处。研究基于地理信息系统(GIS)技术,以1 km×1 km栅格为基本研究单元,构建了滇中地区地形、水文、植被、气候单要素和综合人居环境适宜性评价模型与标准,从空间上定量评价了滇中地区的人居环境适宜性空间分布特征。研究表明:(1)从自然单要素的适宜性评价结果来看,气候、水文和地被的适宜性评价结果均以比较适宜为主;而地形是该区域人居环境适宜性的主要限制要素,且在空间上分区比较破碎,以一般适宜地区为主,主要分布在区域的西部和北部。(2)从人居环境适宜性综合评价结果来看,整体的人居环境状况较好,空间上呈片状分布的特征,临界适宜和一般适宜地区区域点总面积的80%以上;昆明市的不适宜地区面积占比最高,高度适宜地区面积较小但多数分布在楚雄州,曲靖市整体的人居环境状况最好。(3)结合人口数量和密度空间分布数据来看,人口分布与人居环境适宜性在空间分布上存在较高一致性,滇中地区近90%的人分布在临界适宜、一般适宜和比较适宜地区。

基于GIS的滑坡临界降雨指标的研究

利用滑坡灾害普查资料和气象资料,结合地理信息系统(GIS)和降雨推算模型进行空间分析,对庆元县滑坡与降雨作相关研究后发现:降雨具有诱导和直接触发滑坡的综合作用效果;庆元县滑坡的时空分布,受降雨地区和降雨时间的控制,并与一定的地质条件及人类活动有关;滑坡剧烈活动时间与降雨时间及暴雨、大暴雨频次吻合或略滞后,庆元县滑坡的起动降雨量为:日降雨量≥50 mm或滑坡前10 d累积降雨量≥100 mm.

煤层底板突水评价的新型实用方法Ⅳ：基于GIS的AHP型脆弱性指数法应用

为解决煤层底板突水预测预报评价难题,在煤层底板突水主控指标体系和脆弱性指数法提出的基础上,以开滦东欢坨矿北部采区煤层底板突水为研究对象,应用新提出的基于GIS的ANN型脆弱性指数法,在详细分析矿区水文地质条件和底板突水规律基础上,确定了6个影响煤层底板突水的主控因素;应用GIS强大的数据管理和空间分析功能,建立了煤层底板突水6个主控因素的子专题图和复合叠加图;应用AHP方法确定了各主控因素在突水过程中的权重贡献,建立了基于GIS的AHP型煤层底板突水脆弱性评价模型.根据计算所得的突水脆弱性指数统计直方图,分析确定了底板突水脆弱性分区阈值,最终提出煤层底板突水脆弱性区划方案.

利用遥感和GIS研究内蒙古中西部地区环境变化

利用TM和MSS卫星遥感数据提取反映生态环境的植被、土壤亮度、湿度、热度指数 ,结合气候数据和其它地学辅助信息 ,在GIS的支持下建立环境质量评价模型 ;利用该模型评价了内蒙古中西部地区 1976、1987、1996年跨越 2 0年的环境变化 ,从区域平均环境质量指数的变化和各级指数分布的区域面积变化两方面说明了研究区 2 0年来的环境退化 ;分析了气候因子对环境质量变化的影响 ,定量说明了半干旱地区影响环境变化的气候因子主要是湿润度 ,指出 2

GIS支持下山区县域农村居民点分布特征研究——以栖霞市为例

运用GIS空间分析技术、景观指数法和Voronoi图Cv值相结合的分析方法,研究了胶东山区栖霞市农村居民点的空间均匀性特征,并探讨了农村居民点在地形梯度上的分布特征。结果表明：全市农村居民点分布的Cv值为58.84%,空间分布表现为随机分布;唐家泊镇、松山镇、臧家庄镇和翠屏街道4个乡镇的农村居民点呈集群分布,其他乡镇为随机分布;农村居民点分布的优势区间在1~3地形位,随着地形位的增大农村居民点的优势度降低;农村居民点的面积、斑块数目和平均斑块面积随地形位的增大而减少,平均斑块形状指数和平均斑块分维数随地形位的增大而增大;同时,公路是影响山区农村居民点空间布局的重要因素。研究反映了栖霞市农村居民居住习惯的差异,为农村居民点的整治和规划提供了依据。

大型GIS空间数据库的有效索引结构QR-树

在分析R 树索引问题的基础上 ,提出了一种面向大型GIS空间数据库的QR