BACKGROUND： Total saponins of Panax ginseng （TSPG） exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson＇s disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells ...BACKGROUND： Total saponins of Panax ginseng （TSPG） exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson＇s disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells （NSCs） proliferation and differentiation into dopaminergic neurons using in vitro studies, and to observe NSC differentiation in a mouse model of Parkinson＇s disease, as well as behavioral changes before and after transplantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro neural cell biology trial and in vivo randomized, controlled animal trial were performed at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University between September 2004 and December 2007. MATERIALS： TSPG （purity 〉 95%） was isolated, extracted, and identified by Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica. Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and recombinant human epidermal growth factor （EGF） were purchased from PeproTech, USA. A total of 25 C57/BL6J mice, aged 18-20 weeks were included. Twenty were used to establish a Parkinson＇s disease model with i.p. injection of MPTP （1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine） and TSPG alone or combined with interleukin-1 （IL-1）-treated NSCs prior to transplantation into the corpus striatum. The remaining five mice were pretreated for 3 days with TSPG prior to MPTP injection, serving as the TSPG prevention group. METHODS： Primary NSCs were isolated, cultured and purified from embryonic cerebral cortex. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect specific antigen expression in the NSCs. In vitro experiment： （1） to induce proliferation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, EGF＋bFGF, or TSPG＋EGF＋bFGF, respectively; （2） to induce dopaminergic neuronal differentiation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, IL-1, or TSPG＋IL-1, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： In vitro experiment： the effects of TSPG on NSCs proliferation were evaluated with flow cytometry and MTT assay. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was determined by immunocytochemistry assay to observe effects of TSPG on dopaminergic neuronal differentiation. In vivo experiment： differentiation of grafted NSCs in the mouse brain was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Behavioral changes were evaluated by spontaneous activity frequency, memory function, and score of paralysis agitans. RESULTS： （1） NSCs were cultured and passaged for more than three passages. Immunocytochemistry revealed positive nestin staining, as well as neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. （2） TSPG significantly increased NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with EGF and bFGF, which was twice as effective as FGF or bFGF alone. TSPG also induced dopaminergic differentiation in NSCs, in particular when TSPG was added together with IL-1, resulting in an effect five times greater than that of IL-1 alone. （3） At day 30 following transplantation, most NSCs in the TSPG prevention group differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, and the scores of paralysis agitans, spontaneous activity, and memory function were significantly increased compared with TSPG alone or TSPG＋IL-1 groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： TSPG stimulated NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with FGF and bFGF. TSPG significantly induced dopaminergic neuronal differentiation of NSCs, and the effect was greater when combined with IL-1. In addition, TSPG greatly improved behavior in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model following NSC transplantation. Following NSC transplantation, TSPG pretreatment exhibited superior efficacy over either TSPG alone or TSPG in combination with IL-1, in terms of behavioral improvements in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model.展开更多
Ginseng is said to have beneficial effects on anemia. The proliferation effects of totalsaponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG) on hematopoietic progenitor cell in healthy individuals and 29 patientswith aplastic anemia (AA)...Ginseng is said to have beneficial effects on anemia. The proliferation effects of totalsaponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG) on hematopoietic progenitor cell in healthy individuals and 29 patientswith aplastic anemia (AA) were observed through bone marrow cultures of burst forming unit-erythroid(BFU-E) , colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) and colony forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) in vitrcacompared with methyltestosterone (MT). The results suggest TSPG might prompt the prolif-eration of normal progenitor cellS at a concentration of 20 g/ml. The numbers of BFU-E ,CFU-E and CFU-GM increased by 37. 8±2.9 % , 31. 4±2. 9 % and 33. 3± 4. 0 % respectively over the controls ; further-more TSPG was still useful to BFU-E,CFU-E growth without Epo in vitro, although the colony nurnberswere much lower. Otherwise MT was useless to CFUGM. Of the 29 patients with AA, 14 who respondedto MT showed sensitivity to TSPG in marrow culture (the rising rate of colony formation exceeded 30 % ) ,but immune-mediated AA (patient's peripheral blood mononucleated cell suppressed normalhematopoiesis) and stem cell decreased AA (few of colonies were formed) showed almost no expressionfor TSPG activity because of the immunological suppression system and the absence of progenitors.展开更多
通过人参水提液(water extract of Ginseng,WEG)、人参多糖(Ginseng polysaccharides,GPS)、人参皂苷(Ginseng total saponins,GTS)对肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)与肿瘤细胞共培养体系中肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁...通过人参水提液(water extract of Ginseng,WEG)、人参多糖(Ginseng polysaccharides,GPS)、人参皂苷(Ginseng total saponins,GTS)对肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)与肿瘤细胞共培养体系中肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移和细胞骨架的影响研究,探讨人参抗肿瘤的作用机制。建立THP-1诱导的TAMs体外模型,采用上清液共培养体系,以肺癌A549细胞为研究对象,并采用MTT法观察不同浓度的WEG、GPS、GTS作用于共培养体系中对肺癌A549细胞增殖的影响及量效关系;通过实时细胞分析技术(RTCA)检测WEG、GPS、GTS对共培养体系中肺癌A549细胞迁移能力的影响,免疫荧光高内涵细胞分析系统(HCS)检测细胞骨架蛋白F-actin的表达。结果显示:WEG能明显抑制共培养体系中A549细胞的增殖、迁移能力和减少骨架面积及微丝数量(P<0.01);GPS能明显抑制共培养体系中A549细胞迁移能力、骨架面积和微丝数量(P<0.01),但对A549细胞的增殖作用无明显影响;GTS能明显抑制共培养体系中A549细胞的增殖(P<0.01),而对A549细胞的迁移能力、骨架面积和微丝无影响。通过对WEG、GPS、GTS的研究对比,发现人参及两种主要成分对TAMs共培养体系中肺癌A549细胞都有影响,但作用存在差异,提示人参抗肿瘤作用与其多成分对肿瘤免疫微环境调控相关,且不同成分间可能存在协同关系。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND： Total saponins of Panax ginseng （TSPG） exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson＇s disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells （NSCs） proliferation and differentiation into dopaminergic neurons using in vitro studies, and to observe NSC differentiation in a mouse model of Parkinson＇s disease, as well as behavioral changes before and after transplantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro neural cell biology trial and in vivo randomized, controlled animal trial were performed at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University between September 2004 and December 2007. MATERIALS： TSPG （purity 〉 95%） was isolated, extracted, and identified by Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica. Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and recombinant human epidermal growth factor （EGF） were purchased from PeproTech, USA. A total of 25 C57/BL6J mice, aged 18-20 weeks were included. Twenty were used to establish a Parkinson＇s disease model with i.p. injection of MPTP （1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine） and TSPG alone or combined with interleukin-1 （IL-1）-treated NSCs prior to transplantation into the corpus striatum. The remaining five mice were pretreated for 3 days with TSPG prior to MPTP injection, serving as the TSPG prevention group. METHODS： Primary NSCs were isolated, cultured and purified from embryonic cerebral cortex. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect specific antigen expression in the NSCs. In vitro experiment： （1） to induce proliferation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, EGF＋bFGF, or TSPG＋EGF＋bFGF, respectively; （2） to induce dopaminergic neuronal differentiation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, IL-1, or TSPG＋IL-1, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： In vitro experiment： the effects of TSPG on NSCs proliferation were evaluated with flow cytometry and MTT assay. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was determined by immunocytochemistry assay to observe effects of TSPG on dopaminergic neuronal differentiation. In vivo experiment： differentiation of grafted NSCs in the mouse brain was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Behavioral changes were evaluated by spontaneous activity frequency, memory function, and score of paralysis agitans. RESULTS： （1） NSCs were cultured and passaged for more than three passages. Immunocytochemistry revealed positive nestin staining, as well as neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. （2） TSPG significantly increased NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with EGF and bFGF, which was twice as effective as FGF or bFGF alone. TSPG also induced dopaminergic differentiation in NSCs, in particular when TSPG was added together with IL-1, resulting in an effect five times greater than that of IL-1 alone. （3） At day 30 following transplantation, most NSCs in the TSPG prevention group differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, and the scores of paralysis agitans, spontaneous activity, and memory function were significantly increased compared with TSPG alone or TSPG＋IL-1 groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： TSPG stimulated NSC proliferation, in particular when combined with FGF and bFGF. TSPG significantly induced dopaminergic neuronal differentiation of NSCs, and the effect was greater when combined with IL-1. In addition, TSPG greatly improved behavior in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model following NSC transplantation. Following NSC transplantation, TSPG pretreatment exhibited superior efficacy over either TSPG alone or TSPG in combination with IL-1, in terms of behavioral improvements in the Parkinson＇s disease mouse model.
文摘Ginseng is said to have beneficial effects on anemia. The proliferation effects of totalsaponins of Panax ginseng (TSPG) on hematopoietic progenitor cell in healthy individuals and 29 patientswith aplastic anemia (AA) were observed through bone marrow cultures of burst forming unit-erythroid(BFU-E) , colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) and colony forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) in vitrcacompared with methyltestosterone (MT). The results suggest TSPG might prompt the prolif-eration of normal progenitor cellS at a concentration of 20 g/ml. The numbers of BFU-E ,CFU-E and CFU-GM increased by 37. 8±2.9 % , 31. 4±2. 9 % and 33. 3± 4. 0 % respectively over the controls ; further-more TSPG was still useful to BFU-E,CFU-E growth without Epo in vitro, although the colony nurnberswere much lower. Otherwise MT was useless to CFUGM. Of the 29 patients with AA, 14 who respondedto MT showed sensitivity to TSPG in marrow culture (the rising rate of colony formation exceeded 30 % ) ,but immune-mediated AA (patient's peripheral blood mononucleated cell suppressed normalhematopoiesis) and stem cell decreased AA (few of colonies were formed) showed almost no expressionfor TSPG activity because of the immunological suppression system and the absence of progenitors.
文摘通过人参水提液(water extract of Ginseng,WEG)、人参多糖(Ginseng polysaccharides,GPS)、人参皂苷(Ginseng total saponins,GTS)对肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)与肿瘤细胞共培养体系中肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移和细胞骨架的影响研究,探讨人参抗肿瘤的作用机制。建立THP-1诱导的TAMs体外模型,采用上清液共培养体系,以肺癌A549细胞为研究对象,并采用MTT法观察不同浓度的WEG、GPS、GTS作用于共培养体系中对肺癌A549细胞增殖的影响及量效关系;通过实时细胞分析技术(RTCA)检测WEG、GPS、GTS对共培养体系中肺癌A549细胞迁移能力的影响,免疫荧光高内涵细胞分析系统(HCS)检测细胞骨架蛋白F-actin的表达。结果显示:WEG能明显抑制共培养体系中A549细胞的增殖、迁移能力和减少骨架面积及微丝数量(P<0.01);GPS能明显抑制共培养体系中A549细胞迁移能力、骨架面积和微丝数量(P<0.01),但对A549细胞的增殖作用无明显影响;GTS能明显抑制共培养体系中A549细胞的增殖(P<0.01),而对A549细胞的迁移能力、骨架面积和微丝无影响。通过对WEG、GPS、GTS的研究对比,发现人参及两种主要成分对TAMs共培养体系中肺癌A549细胞都有影响,但作用存在差异,提示人参抗肿瘤作用与其多成分对肿瘤免疫微环境调控相关,且不同成分间可能存在协同关系。
