Based on the premise that the addition of glass beads (GB) could hardly influence the linear viscoelasticity in low frequency (ω) region for homogeneous polymer systems, the dynamic rheological behaviors of unfil...Based on the premise that the addition of glass beads (GB) could hardly influence the linear viscoelasticity in low frequency (ω) region for homogeneous polymer systems, the dynamic rheological behaviors of unfilled and filled poly(methyl methyacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) blends were studied in order to explore the effect of GB on the phase-separation of binary polymer matrix. Results show that GB has an induced effect on the phase-separation, which embodies that the phase-separation temperature (Ts) of PMMA/SAN blend filled with GB is lower than that of the unfilled system. The higher content of GB, the higher is the "secondary plateau" of ω in the terminal region of storage modulus (G') versus ω plot. The "secondary plateau" appearing in the terminal region is attributed to the phase-separation of PMMA/SAN blends and it becomes more fiat for filled polymer blends under the same conditions. However, it is suggested that this kind of "induced effect" is related to the GB content; the higher content of GB particles might enhance the interaction between the particles and polymer matrix. Moreover, it is found that the addition of GB also has an influence more or less on the morphology and domain size of polymer matrix. It is believed that the plot of dynamic viscosity (η') versus the loss viscosity (η") is sensitive to examine the effect induced by GB on the phase-separation of binary polymer matrix.展开更多
The interfacial adhesion between poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and glass beadwas investigated by scanning electron microscope and parallel-plate rheometer. Effect ofinterfacial adhesion on the crystallization an...The interfacial adhesion between poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and glass beadwas investigated by scanning electron microscope and parallel-plate rheometer. Effect ofinterfacial adhesion on the crystallization and mechenical properties of PET/glass beadcomposites was also studied by differential scanning calorimeter and mechanical testers.The results obtained indicate that the glass bead has a heterogeneous nucleation effecton the PET crystallization. Although better interfacial adhesion is advantageous to theincrease of the tensile strength of the composite, yet it is unfavorable to the crystallizationof PET. It should be pointed out that the crystallization rate of filled PET is always higherthan that of pure PET, regardless of the state of interfacial adhesion.展开更多
It is feasible to study the mechanical characteristics of coarse-grained soil by simulated granular materials such as glass beads.In this paper,3 mm diameter glass beads are used to conduct drained and undrained triax...It is feasible to study the mechanical characteristics of coarse-grained soil by simulated granular materials such as glass beads.In this paper,3 mm diameter glass beads are used to conduct drained and undrained triaxial tests under different confining pressures to explore their strength,deformation and critical state characteristics.Specifically,the influence of drainage and confining pressure on the stick-slip phenomenon of glass beads is reported.The experimental findings from triaxial tests show that the stress-strain relationship of glass beads softens when the confining pressure is high.Under the undrained condition,the initial modulus increases with the increase in the confining pressure.In contrast,it is not significantly affected by the confining pressure in the drained condition.It is quite evident that the glass beads hardly contract during the shearing process,and their stress path is approximately a segmented straight line.The slope of the critical state line under the undrained condition is greater than that under the drained condition,and the friction angle of the glass beads under the undrained and drained conditions is calculated to be 28.1and 29.5,respectively.The phenomenon of stick-slip has been depicted for the different test conditions,and the stick-slip amplitude linearly increases with the confining pressure,especially in the undrained condition.It is also found that the maximum energy released from the phenomenon of stick-slip increases linearly with the confining pressure.展开更多
The effect of Fe_(2)O_(3) on the formation of micro glass beads(MGBs)under air staged combustion was studied.The experimental temperature was 1450℃,and Hegang bituminous coal was used as the experimental object.X⁃ray...The effect of Fe_(2)O_(3) on the formation of micro glass beads(MGBs)under air staged combustion was studied.The experimental temperature was 1450℃,and Hegang bituminous coal was used as the experimental object.X⁃ray diffractometer(XRD),ash fusion tester,viscosity formula and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to analyze the fly ash.Nano Measurer 1.2 software was used to measure the diameter of MGBs.The results showed that with the increase of Fe_(2)O_(3) in Hegang coal,the glass phase in fly ash first increased and then decreased.When the amount of Fe_(2)O_(3) was 15%,the content of the glass phase was the highest,which was 51.26%.The ash melting point first decreased and then increased,while the viscosity gradually decreased and the particles gradually became spherical.With the increase of Fe_(2)O_(3),the proportion of MGBs with particle size less than 10μm increased gradually.From the above results,it can be concluded that the addition of Fe_(2)O_(3) is conducive to the formation of MGBs and the reduction of particle size.展开更多
Ni-plated glass beads(GB) was obtained by electroless plating, based on PVC adhesive, Niplated GB/PVC composite was prepared. Temperature insulation, fi re retardation and microwave absorption properties were tested...Ni-plated glass beads(GB) was obtained by electroless plating, based on PVC adhesive, Niplated GB/PVC composite was prepared. Temperature insulation, fi re retardation and microwave absorption properties were tested, the results showed that the nickel coating was compact and continuous, Ni-plated GB/ PVC composite is a kind of excellent temperature insulated, fi re retardate and light-weight material, and especially for microwave absorption well; Refl ectivity was lower than-2 dB in the frequency range of 11-17 GHz.展开更多
Surface treatment of glass bead(GB) was carried out by using γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane(GPTES) and γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane(MPTMS) as coupling agents,respectively.The steady viscosity and yield ...Surface treatment of glass bead(GB) was carried out by using γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane(GPTES) and γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane(MPTMS) as coupling agents,respectively.The steady viscosity and yield stress of the GB/hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) suspensions were determined by Brookfield R/S rheometer.The effect of surface treatment on the viscosity and yield stress of GB/HTPB suspension was investigated.The results indicate that the viscosity of the pristine GB/HTPB suspension increases with increasing GB,and the relationship between its viscosity and volume fraction of GB depends on the shear rate.The modification of GB by MPTMS changes the viscosity of the MPTMS@GB/HTPB suspension,and its viscosity is the minimum at the MPTMS dosage of 0.3 g per 1 g GB.Additionally,the modification of GB by MPTMS increases the yield stress of the GB/HTPB suspension,and its yield stress is the maximum at the MPTMS dosage of 0.1 g per 1 g GB.The GPTES modified GB/HTPB suspension behaves lower viscosity and weaker shear thinning than the MPTMS modified GB/HTPB suspension within the range of experimental shear rate.展开更多
High-reflectivity micro-glass bead, as a kind of retro-reflective material, is widely used in reflective fabric or film and other reflective coatings. But it is rarely used in coated paper. The retro-reflective theory...High-reflectivity micro-glass bead, as a kind of retro-reflective material, is widely used in reflective fabric or film and other reflective coatings. But it is rarely used in coated paper. The retro-reflective theory of micro-bead is described. Also the effect of size of micro-bead, dosage of binder and different color layers on reflective properties of coated paper are discussed in this article. The results show that its retro-reflective efficiency is good, equally to reflective fabric or film when the micro-glass bead is used in coated paper.展开更多
A tri-block copolymer coupling agent polystyrene-block-poly(n-butyl-acrylate)-block-poly(γ-methacryloxypropylt rimethoxysilane)(PS-b-PnBA-b-PMPS)was synthesizedby atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP),and its mo...A tri-block copolymer coupling agent polystyrene-block-poly(n-butyl-acrylate)-block-poly(γ-methacryloxypropylt rimethoxysilane)(PS-b-PnBA-b-PMPS)was synthesizedby atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP),and its molecular structure was characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectra,hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography.The glass bead was treated with the block copolymer coupling agent,and then studied by transmission electron microscopy.The result showed that strong interaction was formed between the block copolymer coupling agent and the surface of glass bead,and then the block of poly(n-butylacrylate)formed a layer of film on the surface.展开更多
Platymonas (Tetraselmis) subcordiformis is a unicellular marine green alga. It was found to be very sensitive to the herbicide Basta through a sensitivity test indicating it could be employed as a selective agent. The...Platymonas (Tetraselmis) subcordiformis is a unicellular marine green alga. It was found to be very sensitive to the herbicide Basta through a sensitivity test indicating it could be employed as a selective agent. The bar gene is a practicable and selectable marker gene. The vector containing the expression cassette of the bar gene was transferred to P. subcordiformis by both particle bombardment and glass-bead agitation and transformants were then selected using Basta. Finally, Southern blotting analysis indicated that the bar gene had been successfully integrated into the nuclear genome of P. subcordiformis using both of the transgenic techniques, with the transformation efficiency of the glass-bead method being slightly higher than that of particle bombardment. This is the first report on stable transformation of P. subcordiformis, and will improve fundamental research and enlarge application of this alga.展开更多
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20304014)the Special Funds for National Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.50125312).
文摘Based on the premise that the addition of glass beads (GB) could hardly influence the linear viscoelasticity in low frequency (ω) region for homogeneous polymer systems, the dynamic rheological behaviors of unfilled and filled poly(methyl methyacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) blends were studied in order to explore the effect of GB on the phase-separation of binary polymer matrix. Results show that GB has an induced effect on the phase-separation, which embodies that the phase-separation temperature (Ts) of PMMA/SAN blend filled with GB is lower than that of the unfilled system. The higher content of GB, the higher is the "secondary plateau" of ω in the terminal region of storage modulus (G') versus ω plot. The "secondary plateau" appearing in the terminal region is attributed to the phase-separation of PMMA/SAN blends and it becomes more fiat for filled polymer blends under the same conditions. However, it is suggested that this kind of "induced effect" is related to the GB content; the higher content of GB particles might enhance the interaction between the particles and polymer matrix. Moreover, it is found that the addition of GB also has an influence more or less on the morphology and domain size of polymer matrix. It is believed that the plot of dynamic viscosity (η') versus the loss viscosity (η") is sensitive to examine the effect induced by GB on the phase-separation of binary polymer matrix.
文摘The interfacial adhesion between poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and glass beadwas investigated by scanning electron microscope and parallel-plate rheometer. Effect ofinterfacial adhesion on the crystallization and mechenical properties of PET/glass beadcomposites was also studied by differential scanning calorimeter and mechanical testers.The results obtained indicate that the glass bead has a heterogeneous nucleation effecton the PET crystallization. Although better interfacial adhesion is advantageous to theincrease of the tensile strength of the composite, yet it is unfavorable to the crystallizationof PET. It should be pointed out that the crystallization rate of filled PET is always higherthan that of pure PET, regardless of the state of interfacial adhesion.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.1216020092)the Projects for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation of Ningxia(No.KJT2019001)the innovation team for multiscale mechanics and its engineering applications of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,and these supports are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘It is feasible to study the mechanical characteristics of coarse-grained soil by simulated granular materials such as glass beads.In this paper,3 mm diameter glass beads are used to conduct drained and undrained triaxial tests under different confining pressures to explore their strength,deformation and critical state characteristics.Specifically,the influence of drainage and confining pressure on the stick-slip phenomenon of glass beads is reported.The experimental findings from triaxial tests show that the stress-strain relationship of glass beads softens when the confining pressure is high.Under the undrained condition,the initial modulus increases with the increase in the confining pressure.In contrast,it is not significantly affected by the confining pressure in the drained condition.It is quite evident that the glass beads hardly contract during the shearing process,and their stress path is approximately a segmented straight line.The slope of the critical state line under the undrained condition is greater than that under the drained condition,and the friction angle of the glass beads under the undrained and drained conditions is calculated to be 28.1and 29.5,respectively.The phenomenon of stick-slip has been depicted for the different test conditions,and the stick-slip amplitude linearly increases with the confining pressure,especially in the undrained condition.It is also found that the maximum energy released from the phenomenon of stick-slip increases linearly with the confining pressure.
基金Sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2020ME190)the Shandong Key Research and Development Plan (Grant No. 2019GSF109004)。
文摘The effect of Fe_(2)O_(3) on the formation of micro glass beads(MGBs)under air staged combustion was studied.The experimental temperature was 1450℃,and Hegang bituminous coal was used as the experimental object.X⁃ray diffractometer(XRD),ash fusion tester,viscosity formula and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to analyze the fly ash.Nano Measurer 1.2 software was used to measure the diameter of MGBs.The results showed that with the increase of Fe_(2)O_(3) in Hegang coal,the glass phase in fly ash first increased and then decreased.When the amount of Fe_(2)O_(3) was 15%,the content of the glass phase was the highest,which was 51.26%.The ash melting point first decreased and then increased,while the viscosity gradually decreased and the particles gradually became spherical.With the increase of Fe_(2)O_(3),the proportion of MGBs with particle size less than 10μm increased gradually.From the above results,it can be concluded that the addition of Fe_(2)O_(3) is conducive to the formation of MGBs and the reduction of particle size.
基金Funded in Part by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2011BAC10B05)
文摘Ni-plated glass beads(GB) was obtained by electroless plating, based on PVC adhesive, Niplated GB/PVC composite was prepared. Temperature insulation, fi re retardation and microwave absorption properties were tested, the results showed that the nickel coating was compact and continuous, Ni-plated GB/ PVC composite is a kind of excellent temperature insulated, fi re retardate and light-weight material, and especially for microwave absorption well; Refl ectivity was lower than-2 dB in the frequency range of 11-17 GHz.
文摘Surface treatment of glass bead(GB) was carried out by using γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane(GPTES) and γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane(MPTMS) as coupling agents,respectively.The steady viscosity and yield stress of the GB/hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) suspensions were determined by Brookfield R/S rheometer.The effect of surface treatment on the viscosity and yield stress of GB/HTPB suspension was investigated.The results indicate that the viscosity of the pristine GB/HTPB suspension increases with increasing GB,and the relationship between its viscosity and volume fraction of GB depends on the shear rate.The modification of GB by MPTMS changes the viscosity of the MPTMS@GB/HTPB suspension,and its viscosity is the minimum at the MPTMS dosage of 0.3 g per 1 g GB.Additionally,the modification of GB by MPTMS increases the yield stress of the GB/HTPB suspension,and its yield stress is the maximum at the MPTMS dosage of 0.1 g per 1 g GB.The GPTES modified GB/HTPB suspension behaves lower viscosity and weaker shear thinning than the MPTMS modified GB/HTPB suspension within the range of experimental shear rate.
文摘High-reflectivity micro-glass bead, as a kind of retro-reflective material, is widely used in reflective fabric or film and other reflective coatings. But it is rarely used in coated paper. The retro-reflective theory of micro-bead is described. Also the effect of size of micro-bead, dosage of binder and different color layers on reflective properties of coated paper are discussed in this article. The results show that its retro-reflective efficiency is good, equally to reflective fabric or film when the micro-glass bead is used in coated paper.
文摘A tri-block copolymer coupling agent polystyrene-block-poly(n-butyl-acrylate)-block-poly(γ-methacryloxypropylt rimethoxysilane)(PS-b-PnBA-b-PMPS)was synthesizedby atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP),and its molecular structure was characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectra,hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography.The glass bead was treated with the block copolymer coupling agent,and then studied by transmission electron microscopy.The result showed that strong interaction was formed between the block copolymer coupling agent and the surface of glass bead,and then the block of poly(n-butylacrylate)formed a layer of film on the surface.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2011CB200902)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (Nos. 2009AA10Z106,2009AA064401)+2 种基金the Promotive Research Fund for Excellent Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shandong Province (No. 2010BSB02009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40876082,30870247)the Science and Technology Project of Qingdao City (No.09-1-3-59-jch)
文摘Platymonas (Tetraselmis) subcordiformis is a unicellular marine green alga. It was found to be very sensitive to the herbicide Basta through a sensitivity test indicating it could be employed as a selective agent. The bar gene is a practicable and selectable marker gene. The vector containing the expression cassette of the bar gene was transferred to P. subcordiformis by both particle bombardment and glass-bead agitation and transformants were then selected using Basta. Finally, Southern blotting analysis indicated that the bar gene had been successfully integrated into the nuclear genome of P. subcordiformis using both of the transgenic techniques, with the transformation efficiency of the glass-bead method being slightly higher than that of particle bombardment. This is the first report on stable transformation of P. subcordiformis, and will improve fundamental research and enlarge application of this alga.