Some Comments on Embeddedness, Knowledge Transfer, Industry Clusters and Global Competitiveness

This paper develops a dynamic theoretical framework for global competitiveness, which describes the relationships among organizations in an industry cluster. The spiral for knowledge transfer, culture variables and embeddedness influence knowledge transfer. Embeddedness and knowledge transfer are the key determinants of industry clusters that lead to global competitiveness. Industry clusters are characterized by external economies, generalized reciprocity and flexible specialization.

How Did the Globally Top Competitive Countries Perform？

Countries do also compete among themselves to develop their economies like business organizations compete. This paper assesses the performance of the top globally competitive countries in terms of the degree of globalization, international trade, investment in research and technology, tariffs, foreign direct investment, and ethical practices in carrying-out international business. Analysis of these factors indicates that all the top globally competitive countries could not exhibit corresponding performance in the globalization levels, exports, investment in research and development, attracting and providing foreign direct investment, and doing business ethically. Therefore, it is suggested that these countries should implement the practices that would reflect their position as one of the top globally competitive countries.

Eurasian Economic Union＇s Effect on Global Politics and the World Economic System

The new Eurasian Economic Union （EEU） has now become a reality coming into effect today allowing free movement of trade, services and capital. Its treaty was signed on 29 May 2014 by the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. EEU has an integrated single market of 176 million people and a gross domestic product （GDP） of over four trillion US Dollars. From the point view of Nye and Keohane＇s interdepence theory, this trade block formed under Moscow＇s leadership also begs the question, if the Soviet Union will also reunite and be re-established. Russia seems to look at it not just in economic terms, but as a way to expand Russian influence in the region. The biggest criticism of the union seems to be re-establishment of the crumbled Soviet Union. On the other hand Russia has wanted to launch talks with the newly born EEU despite the Ukraine Crisis. German Chancellor Angele Merkel has supported to establish a common economic space in the Eurasian Region including the focus countries of Eastern Partnership （an EU policy on closer ties with Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine）. A new Russia-led blocs as a better partner for the EU than the US could cause to deemphasize new Trans-Atlantic Treaty. Another point, the union is actively seeking to increase trade with East Asia. It commenced talks for official trade cooperation with Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN）. Therefore we can say that EEU includes strategic interests as well as economic interests for its members, especially for Russia. In order to link both Europe and East Asia, Russia seeks to develop its eastern regions to increase its access to Asian markets. Far East markets have become so important for Russia since the European Union and the United States imposed sanctions on Russia following crisis in Ukraine. In this article my aim is to analyze EEU effects on global politics and the World Economic System.

Huawei＇s American Dream

Today, Huawei is a global giant generating over $32 billion in annual revenues, with offices in more than 140 countries. Despite its global success, its expansion efforts have been repeatedly blocked by U.S. government agencies. This, in turn, has contributed to Huawei debates in some other countries as well. How did Huawei become a global leader？ Why are some U.S. government agencies anxious about its expansion in America, whereas the marketplace is not？ Why does it divide the Congress and the White House？ What are the ultimate reasons for the debacle？ What are the lessons for Chinese companies and the U.S. government？ And why does the closure of the Huawei case matter？

Developing Secondary Industry to Drive China＇s Future Growth

Since the second half of the 20th century and especially during the 21st century, world industrialization has experienced a series of historic changes. Although geopolitical changes triggered by political incidents such as the USSR＇s disintegration have played a significant role, the geographical shift of world industrialization has first and foremost been caused by the tipping of the balance of international economic and industrial development. China＇s rise has become a massive engine driving this Eastward transition. Due to its impressive rapidity, China＇s industrialization is often referred to as ＂compressed industrialization ＂： completion of a long journey in a very short period of time. Chinese industrialization also features many distinctive characteristics that contrast with those of many other countries. Currently, China is in a critical stage of industrial development, moving towards world-class advanced manufacturing. Industrialization is a historic period of economic and social restructuring that is often accompanied by various structural imbalances. It is essentially a process of civilization＇s progress. China＇s industrialization is in many ways consistent with Western industrial and technological development, but remains subject to the profound influence of Chinese civilization. China＇s industrialization features unique differences that are deeply rooted in its institutional systems. After 30years of brilliant achievements, reform of China＇s economic andpolitical systems has once again come into the spotlight of public attention.

New ideas on China＇s Foreign Trade Development Strategy

China has been a leader in export strategy since the reform and opening-up for trade. This has played a positive role in economic development, however, since stepping into a large country economy, entering the.WTO and the current development of economic globalization at a rapid rate, the leading export strategy has already been very difficult to adapt to the daily challenges in export because of the constant changes in domestic and international economic environment. In view of this, China should turn its strategy into one of dynamic comparative advantages with a global competitive strategy, in conformity with big country＇s economy in the economic background of globalization.

The Role of the Finnish Basic Education Model in Enhancing Students’Happiness and Learning Motivation

This paper examines the Finnish basic education model,renowned for its student-centric approach and high performance in international assessments.The study explores the model’s core principles,including equity,teacher autonomy,and minimal standardized testing,and their impact on student happiness and motivation.Through case studies,interviews,and surveys with students,teachers,and parents,the paper provides an in-depth analysis of the Finnish model’s effectiveness.Challenges such as adaptability to diverse cultural contexts,integration of immigrant students,and sustainability in the face of global educational trends are also discussed.The paper concludes with recommendations for the continued evolution of the Finnish model,emphasizing the need for adaptability,inclusivity,and a focus on sustainability and technology integration.

Research on Global Competition and Acoustic Search Algorithm Based on Random Attraction

In view of complex optimization problems with high nonlinearity and multiple extremums,harmony search algorithm has problems of slow convergence speed,being easy to be stalled and difficult to combine global search with local search.Therefore,a global competitive harmonic search algorithm based on stochastic attraction is proposed.Firstly,by introducing the stochastic attraction model to adjust the harmonic vector,the harmonic search algorithm was greatly improved and prone to fall into the local optimum.Secondly,the competitive search strategy was made to generate two harmony vectors for each iteration and make competitive selection.The adaptive global adjustment and local search strategy were designed to effectively balance the global and local search capabilities of the algorithm.The typical test function was used to test the algorithm.The experimental results show that the algorithm has high precision and the ability to find the global optimum compared with the existing algorithms.The overall accuracy is increased by more than 50%.

Make Ready for Global Competition

China is expected to join the World Trade Organization (WTO), which means that China will be doubtlessly involved in global competi-tion. Auto trade maintains an important portion of the overall world trade. In this case, China’s auto industry shall get ready for worldwide com-petition and proper competition strategies

The Idea of the Judicial System in a Large Country and the Development of International Civil Procedure in China

The development of China’s international civil procedure should correspond to the development of the country’s reform and opening to the outside world.As a large economic country,China needs to draw on international civil procedures to guarantee its worldwide interests;and as a large country with the rule of law,it needs to improve the level of its judicial services and enhance the market attraction of its judicial system in global dispute resolution.Given that a country’s judicial system is an important element in measuring its comprehensive competitiveness,the global competitiveness of our international civil procedure is one of the goals to be pursued in the reform of Chinese judicial system.In order to raise the level of Chinese international civil procedure,China should emphasize the idea of the judicial system of a large country and prioritize its competitiveness,service orientation and cooperative approach to dispute resolution.In addition,it should focus on the following reforms:firstly,establishing a specialized system of international civil jurisdiction,with an increase in matters for competitive jurisdiction;secondly,enhancing China’s specialist services capacity in international civil actions,highlighting the expedient protection given to the rights of the parties concerned and stressing the professional development of judicial bodies in the commercial field;and thirdly,strengthening international judicial cooperation and facilitating the global movement of Chinese judgments.

Efficient design techniques for cislunar-space VLBI spacecraft formation in GTOC8

The 8th edition of the Global Trajectory Optimization Competition(GTOC8)presented a novel concept of a space-based very-long-baseline interferometry(VLBI)telescope in cislunar space for observing selected radio sources in cosmos.It requires designing a three-spacecraft triangular formation with changeable sizes and orientations such that observation can be scheduled as efficiently as possible.We first review the problem,and then describe the methods employed by representative teams participating in the competition.Subsequently,we present the design techniques employed by the team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences,which are primarily based on orbital-geometry analysis.Two efficient trajectory patterns are summarized:million-kilometer triangular formations with symmetric circular orbits,and consecutive-lunar-flyby trajectories with Moon-to-Moon transfer orbits.These two trajectory patterns enable establishing and reconfiguring the triangular formation with sufficiently different sizes so that a number of radio sources can be observed,thus maximizing the performance index.Finally,we present a solution with the best currently known score of J=158 million km.