Most common cerebrovascular accidents （CVAs） result from the occlusion of a blood vessel and are called ischemic stroke. The interruption of the blood flow reduces the oxygen and glucose levels in the neural pareuch...Most common cerebrovascular accidents （CVAs） result from the occlusion of a blood vessel and are called ischemic stroke. The interruption of the blood flow reduces the oxygen and glucose levels in the neural pareuchyma, which in turn decreases the energy of the cells and compromises their homeostasis. This condition has to be reverted for cell survival. One of the homeostatic processes impaired by cerebral ischemia is protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum （ER） lumen where unfolded proteins are accumulated （Degracia and Monti, 2004）. This situation, known as ER stress, elicits the so called unfolded protein response （UPR）,展开更多
Background: Fatigue is often identified as weakness following muscular exertion in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) but may be associated with other physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms. Objective: To devel...Background: Fatigue is often identified as weakness following muscular exertion in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) but may be associated with other physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms. Objective: To develop a Spanish language global impression of fatigue scales to evaluate symptoms of fatigue distinct from a particular disease. Methods: 50 ambulatory patients with MS attending a clinical institute in Argentina consented to participate in this reliability study. The Spanish language version of the Clinical and Patient Global Impressions of Fatigue (CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F) instruments were administered with the Massachusetts General Hospital cognitive and physical functioning questionnaire (MGH-CPFQ). Results: The CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F scores were well correlated with each other (p < 0.00005). The mean CGI-S for fatigue was 2.28 ± 1.07 (SD) and PGI-S for fatigue was 2.30 ± 1.16 (p = ns) reflecting borderline to mild perception of fatigue. The total MGH-CPFQ was 16.68 ± 4.32. Both CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F measures were correlated with the MGH-CPFQ: CGI-Severity (r = 0.632;p < 0.00005);PGI-Severity (r = 0.717;p Conclusions: In this study, the Spanish language versions of the CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F were reliable measures in an MS population and can be useful and easily applied metrics in a busy clinical practice.展开更多
In this paper, a disease transmission model with two treatment stages is proposed and analyzed. The results indicate that the basic reproduction number is a critical threshold for the prevalence of the disease. If the...In this paper, a disease transmission model with two treatment stages is proposed and analyzed. The results indicate that the basic reproduction number is a critical threshold for the prevalence of the disease. If the basic reproduction number is less than one, the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Otherwise, the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Therefore, besides the basic reproduction number, a new marker for characterizing the seriousness of the disease, named as dynamical final infective size, is proposed, which differs from traditional final size because the proposed model includes the natural birth and death. Finally, optimization strategies for limited medical resources are obtained from the perspectives of basic reproduction number and dynamical final infective size, and the real-world disease management scenarios are given based on these finding.展开更多
文摘Most common cerebrovascular accidents （CVAs） result from the occlusion of a blood vessel and are called ischemic stroke. The interruption of the blood flow reduces the oxygen and glucose levels in the neural pareuchyma, which in turn decreases the energy of the cells and compromises their homeostasis. This condition has to be reverted for cell survival. One of the homeostatic processes impaired by cerebral ischemia is protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum （ER） lumen where unfolded proteins are accumulated （Degracia and Monti, 2004）. This situation, known as ER stress, elicits the so called unfolded protein response （UPR）,
文摘Background: Fatigue is often identified as weakness following muscular exertion in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) but may be associated with other physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms. Objective: To develop a Spanish language global impression of fatigue scales to evaluate symptoms of fatigue distinct from a particular disease. Methods: 50 ambulatory patients with MS attending a clinical institute in Argentina consented to participate in this reliability study. The Spanish language version of the Clinical and Patient Global Impressions of Fatigue (CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F) instruments were administered with the Massachusetts General Hospital cognitive and physical functioning questionnaire (MGH-CPFQ). Results: The CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F scores were well correlated with each other (p < 0.00005). The mean CGI-S for fatigue was 2.28 ± 1.07 (SD) and PGI-S for fatigue was 2.30 ± 1.16 (p = ns) reflecting borderline to mild perception of fatigue. The total MGH-CPFQ was 16.68 ± 4.32. Both CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F measures were correlated with the MGH-CPFQ: CGI-Severity (r = 0.632;p < 0.00005);PGI-Severity (r = 0.717;p Conclusions: In this study, the Spanish language versions of the CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F were reliable measures in an MS population and can be useful and easily applied metrics in a busy clinical practice.
文摘In this paper, a disease transmission model with two treatment stages is proposed and analyzed. The results indicate that the basic reproduction number is a critical threshold for the prevalence of the disease. If the basic reproduction number is less than one, the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Otherwise, the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Therefore, besides the basic reproduction number, a new marker for characterizing the seriousness of the disease, named as dynamical final infective size, is proposed, which differs from traditional final size because the proposed model includes the natural birth and death. Finally, optimization strategies for limited medical resources are obtained from the perspectives of basic reproduction number and dynamical final infective size, and the real-world disease management scenarios are given based on these finding.
