浅议glossary一类术语辞书的译名——术语译名卡之一

按照《辞海》的定义,术语是“各门学科中的专门用语。每一术语都有严格规定的意义。”根据传播知识的不同目的,例如,按照编辑、翻译、传译、编制文献和情报信息的需要,人们编纂载有不同术语资料的辞书。这些辞书包括:词汇、汇编、词典、术语卡、术语资料库、名词对照表等。然而,其中书名为glossary,vocabulary和dictionary以及nomenclature,classification和terminology等一类术语辞书的名称常混淆使用,名实不符。改革开放以来,术语辞书如雨后春笋。随着改革开放新局面的出现,众多的术语辞书应运而生。有鉴于此,对于前述书名有正名之必要。

Glossary

Left-Behind Children(留守儿童liú shǒuér tóng):Left-behind children refer to those who are left in the countryside with both or one of their parents migrating out to work.Generally they live along with one of their parents,grandparents,even other relatives or friends of their parents.As a special disadvantaged group,left-behind children have aroused wide-spread social concern as an outstanding social issue in Chinese processing of fast urbanization.

Glossary

Editor’s Note:After holding the Working Conference on Cities at the end of 2015,which advocates for China’s sustainable urban development approaches including transforming development mode,completing governance institution,enhancing governance capability,and coping with certain urgent issues such as urban diseases,the Central Government of China issued an affiliated policy in late February 2016,Some Opinions on Further Enhancing

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Healthy City(健康城市jiàn kāng chéng shì):According to WHO,a Healthy City is'a city that is continuously striving to improve the health and determinants of health of its residents,not one that has achieved a particular health status.'In1989,China launched a national Hygienic Cities project to improve cities’physical infrastructure and environment。

Glossary

Residential Space Differentiation(居住空间分异j zhùk ng jin fn yì):It refers to a segregated living phenomenon in a city.Residents with different social features live in different areas of the city,making the residential space of the city be differentiated or even isolated from each other.The residential space differentiation emerged in Chinese cities after the mairketization of housing.It has become more obvious along with the introduction of affordable housing policies,for affordable housing is often located far away from the city center and,even in the same community,affordable housing is often spatially separated from commercial housing.

Glossary

Editor’s Note:The idea of building China into a socialist rule-of-law country was firstly put forward on the 15th CPC National Congress in September 1997 and it has now become one of China’s fundamental strategies for governing the country.The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in October 2014 further confirmed China’s goal of forming a system serving the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and building a country under the socialist rule of law,

Glossary

Big-Pot Meal(大锅饭dàguōfàn):It is a metaphor for the phenomenon of absolute equalitarianism in distribution,which is mainly used to describe two situations in China particularly under the circumstance of planned economy.①For state-owned enterprises,no matter how their business goes,the due financial allocation from the government would never change;②For the employees of any state-owned enterprises,no matter how goes their performance,the due income allocation from the enterprise would never change.

Glossary

Extreme Weather(极端天气jíduntinqì):Extreme weather includes unexpectable,unusual,unpredictable severe or unseasonal weather.In recent years,China and many other countries have suffered from more and more extreme weather events,most of which can be attributed to human-induced global warming.Low Carbon City(低碳城市dītànchéngshì):In response to the climate change and global warming,low carbon city is a

Glossary

Editor’s Note:Nowadays,when China is undergoing the transition to the new normal after more than three decades of rapid development,it is facing the challenge of reforming its spatial planning system which is undoubtedly indispensable for guaranteeing the development of new urbanization.Currently in China,spatial planning mainly refers to the socio-economic development planning,land use planning,and urban-rural planning,which is respectively under

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Editor’s Note:As an ancient country,China has a long history of city planning,but it has never been so anxious for new theories and methodologies of city planning as it does today.In the past,

Glossary

Co-building and Sharing(共建共享gòng jiàn gòng xiǎng):The Decisions of the CPC Central Committee on Several Major Issues Concerning the Construction of a Harmonious Socialist Society issued on the sixth plenary meeting of the 16th CPC Central Committee on Oct.11,2006 advocates that the harmonious socialist society should aim at co-building and sharing under the leadership of the CPC.Co-building,as the premise,is the common responsibility of all members;

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Three Zones and Three Lines(三区三线sān qūsān xiàn):The term of“three-zones and three lines”comes from the requirements of China’s Central Government to reform its spatial planning system.“Three zones”refer to urban space,rural space,and ecological space,and“three lines”refer to urban growth boundary,permanent farmland protection boundary,

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Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration(成渝城市群cheng yu cheng shi qun):Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration is one of the ten national-level urban agglomerations nominated by China’s Central Government by February 2019,for purpose of promoting the integrated regional development in the western region of China.

Glossary

Brownfield(棕地zōng dì):Brownfield refers to the abandoned and polluted lands for industrial,commercial,and other uses.It appeared firstly in the industrial cities of developed countries in the late 1950s and early 1960s,along with the shift of productions and the closing of factories as inevitable consequence of the socio-economic transition from industrialization to postindustrialization and the process of globalization.

Glossary

Construction of Ecological Civilization(生态文明建设sheng tài wén mìng jiàn shè):It refers to the strategic decision of'vigorously promoting the construction of ecological civilization'made by the Central Government of China on the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012,which requires integrating the ideas of ecological civilization into the all aspects and whole process of economy,politics,culture,and society construction for the sustained development of China.It is included in

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Editor’s Note:Today,as the world is in the transition from an industrial civilization to an ecological civilization,we need to accordingly update our knowledge and concepts on socio-economic development,following the

Glossary

Editor’s Note: Since China became an urban society after its urbanization rate surpassed 50% in 2011, the Central Government of China has put forward the concept of New Urbanization Mode in order to deal with the problems emerging in the past decades along with the significant achievements of urban

Glossary

Editor’s Note:The observation on China’s urban development since the 1950s till today reveals that it has been closely related to the construction of a number of mega-projects,such as the 156 industrial projects aided by the former Soviet Union in the 1950s,the'Three Lines'war preparation projects in the 1960s,the directly imported production projects from the West in the 1970s,the special development zone projects in the 1980s,and the industrial or economic development zone projects in the 1990s.That makes the construction of mega-projects a key character of China’s contemporary urban development,which has greatly influenced not only the socio-economic development but also the physical environment of Chinese cities.During this process,urban design,as an important

Glossary

Editor’s Note:After'new-type urbanization,'called also as'new-mode urbanization'or'new urbanization,'was firstly put forward at the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 as one of the national strategies for China’s socioeconomic development,there have emerged heated discussions nationwide on what the connotations of newtype urbanization are and what the development path of