Ce(Ⅲ) Salt Induced Changes of Superficial Microstructure in Freshwater Pearls

The transition of the superficial microstmcture of freshwater pearls induced by Ce was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy. The pearls were cultured in freshwater containing 0 （control group ）, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg·L^-1 of a Ce additive. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） measurement showed that the concentration of Ce absorbed in the superficial microstmcture of pearls was positively correlated to the additive Ce. At the same time, the surface microstmcture of pearls changed greatly with Ce concentration, the shape of the blocks changed from spindly to perfect regular hexagonal sheets and finally to round discs. The glossiness of the pearls changed correspondingly with the microstmcture, pearls possessing the regular hexagonal blocks having the highest glossiness. Therefore, the REE Ce exerted a significant influence on the microstructure and glossiness of freshwater pearls. An appropriate quantity of Ce may improve the glossiness of pearls.

Ge(Ⅳ)-CTMAB-PF配合物光度法测定灵芝中的锗

在表面活性剂CTMAB存在下,苯基荧光酮光度法测定灵芝中锗。工作曲线范围为0—1.2μgGeO_2/ml,样品分析RSD3.7％,回收率90—106％。

Micro Structure Detection of Granite Glossy Surface Machined by Grinding Process

In the present paper, an investigation was directed t owards the micro sructure detection of granite glossy surface at each separated stage ranging from sawing to grinding. SEM was employed to study the morphol ogies of the ground surfaces. A portable roughness instrument and a gloss meter were employed to analyze the roughness and glossiness of the ground surfaces r espectively. It is shown that although the black and red granites are very different in grain size, color, machinability and composition, the mechanisms for glossiness forma tion are similar for both granites. The prevailing mechanisms for the grinding of granite vary from brittle-mode re moval to ductile-mode removal as the reduction of the diamond grit size. Althou gh the granite is hard and brittle, obvious traces of ductile flowing were found on the ground granite surface. The surface roughness of granite decreased marke dly with the increasing of the amount of ductile flowing on the surface. The glo ssiness of the machined granite surfaces was directly attributed to the roughnes s of the granite surface. The high glossy surface of granite is a low roughness surface which was formed by diamond grinding in ductile-modes.

An Investigation on the Visible Characteristics of Four Caesalpiniaceae Wood Species in Gabon

Color,whiteness and glossiness of four caesalpiniaceae wood species were characterized by quantitative measurements and image analysis,i.e.,which were respectively Berlinia bracteosa Benth.,Monopetalanthus heitzii Pellegr.,Distemonanthus benthamianus and Erythrophleum ivorense A.Chev.The color of four wood species was evaluated to be consistent by the CIELab and CIE1931 color system.The boards of B.bracteosa,M.heitzii and E.ivorense was divided into dark color.The wood color of B.bracteosa had the highest red to green hue,while the wood appearance of D.benthamianus had the brightest and yellowest color within the four wood species.The whiteness of D.benthamianus was significantly higher than the other three wood species,namely tangential section 21.9%and radial section 22.2%.Hence,the color of the four species varied significantly,which was closely related to internal constituents of wood materials.M.heitzii wood had the highest surface glossiness on both tangential and radial section surfaces.The surface glossiness was highly related to the wood microstructure,especially with the pore and groove structure.This study of the visible characteristics provided the indicated knowledge for the application of the four wood species in wood industry.

普通小麦颖壳蜡质缺失突变体glossy1的转录组分析

为了明确突变体颖壳蜡质含量显著变化的分子机制,本研究对源自济麦22颖壳蜡质缺失突变体glossy1与野生型进行了转录组分析。结果表明,在glossy1突变体中,共筛选到12,230个差异表达基因,其中5811个基因在突变体中上调表达,6419个下调表达。GO(gene ontology)功能富集分析发现,差异基因主要富集在蜡质合成和转运途径,具体分布在酰基转移酶活性、脂质结合和水解酶活性等条目,由此推测这些途径与小麦穗部蜡质缺失性状是紧密相关的。我们还利用RT-qPCR检测了参与蜡质代谢途径部分基因的表达,结果与转录组结果是一致的。本研究为今后探究小麦蜡质代谢的分子机制和基因调控网络提供了数据支持,同时也为抗逆小麦育种奠定了理论基础。

Effects of glossy privet fruit on neural cell apoptosis in the cortical parietal lobe and hippocampal CA1 region of vascular dementia rats

BACKGROUND： Glossy privet fruit inhibits neural cell apoptosis following the onset of vascular dementia. OBJECTIVE： To confirm glossy privet fruit effects on neural cell apoptosis in the cortical parietal lobe and hippocampal CAI region of rat models of vascular dementia using molecular biology techniques. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The neural cell morphology experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Flow Cells and Biochemistry, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the Basic Room of Pathology, Academy of Chinese Medicine from December 2006 to May 2008. MATERIALS： A total of 60 Wistar rats were used to establish vascular dementia models using a photochemical reaction method. Glossy privet fruit was purchased from Fujian, China. Hydergine was co-produced by Sandoz, Switzerland and Huajin, China. METHODS： The 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 equal sized groups （n = 10）, i.e. model, blank, high, moderate and low doses of Chinese medicine, and hydergine control groups. Rats in the model group were treated with distilled water （1 mL/100 g） by gavage following model establishment. Rats in the blank group underwent experimental procedures as for the model group, except that rat models were created without illumination. Rats in the high, moderate and low doses of Chinese medicine groups, and the hydergine control group respectively received high, moderate and low doses of glossy privet fruit, and hydergine suspension （1 mL/100 g） by gavage, once a day, for 30 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Morphology of neural cells from the rat cortical parietal lobe and hippocampal CA1 region of all groups was observed with an electron microscope. Positive neural cells in the injury site of the rat cortical parietal lobe and hippocampal CA1 region were investigated using the Fas immunohistochemieal method. Absorbance of Fas-positive neurons was detected by the MPIAS-500 multimedia color imaging analysis system. RESULTS： Neural cells were normal, and nuclei were regular in the right cortical parietal lobe and hippoeampal CA1 region in the blank group. Karyopyknosis, an integral nuclear membrane, vacuole and apoptotic bodies were presented in the model group. The quantity and morphology of neural cells were normal in all doses of Chinese medicine groups, and the hydergine control group. Compared with the model group, absorbance was reduced at the injury site of rat cortical parietal lobe and hippocampal CA1 region in the blank, high, moderate and low doses of Chinese medicine, and hydergine control groups （P 〈 0.05）. The decrease was particularly significant in the blank group （P 〈 0.01 ）, followed by the high dose of Chinese medicine group （P 〈 0.01）. Compared with the model group, the percentage of apoptosis was decreased at the injury site of the rat cortical parietal lobe and hippocampal CAI region in the blank, high, moderate and low doses of Chinese medicine, and hydergine control groups （P 〈 0.01） and this decrease was significant in the high dose of Chinese medicine group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Glossy privet fruit, a kidney-tonifying Chinese herbal medicine, can inhibit cell apoptosis by reducing apoptotic signals induced by cerebral ischemia/hypoxia.

Research of global illumination algorithms rendering in glossy scene

In computer graphic （CG）, illumination rendering generated realistic effect at virtual scene is amazing. Not only plausible lighting effect is to show the relative position between of the objects, but also to reflect the material of visual appearance of the vir- tual objects. The diffuse-scene rendering reflectance credibility has gradually matured. Global illumination rendering method for the glossy material is still a challenge for the CG research. Because of the shiny materials is highly energy reflection between the com- plex light paths. Whether we trace glossy reflection paths, or use of one-reflection or multi-reflection approximate above complex il- lumination transmission is a difficult working. This paper we gather some commonly used global illumination algorithms recently year and its extension glossy scene improvements. And we introduce the limitation of classical algorithms rendering glossy scene and some extended solution. Finally, we will summarize the illumination rendering for specular scene, there are still some open prob- lems.

An Improved Virtual Spherical Lights Approach for Glossy Illumination

Based on a virtual spherical light source method, this paper presents an improved virtual spherical lights approach for glossy illumination by modifying a reflection render equation. First, in order to keep primitive spherical lights, it uses non-zero solid angle integration instead of a geometric item of traditional Instant Radiosity arithmetic. Second, the formula mode for the light energy allocation of VSLs is improved by the energy distribution, in which the radius of sphere is replaced by the radius of inscribed circle generated by the tangent to the non-zero solid angle of cone. Third, the similar function of judging two point visibility takes place of a cosine term in the approximate equations of the VSLs. Experiments show that blurring or disappearing phenomenon that appear in part of right-angle surface scene is avoided.

Improved performance of aluminum pigments encapsulated in hybrid inorganic-organic films

An organic silane acrylate resin （PMBK） was synthesized by free-radical solution polymerization using methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and （3-methacryloxypropyl）trimethoxysilane as monomers. Aluminum （AI） particles were then encapsulated in inorganic-organic hybrid films that were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of PMBK and tetraethyl orthosilicate （TEOS） on the surface of AI pigments. Characterization results showed that PMBK and TEOS could simultaneously hydrolyze ancl condense with hydroxyl groups on the surface of the A1 particles to form composite AI particles coated with inorganic-organic hybrid films. Compared with raw AI particles, the corrosion resistance and adhesive properties of paint films containing the composite AI particles were improved greatly, while the glossiness of the paint films decreased slightly, from 48.6° to 47.0°. In alkaline media （pH 11 ）, the volume of evolved H2 of composite AI particles was only 3.5 mL, whereas that of raw AI was 83.5 mL. The glossiness of paint films containing composite A1 particles decreased by 1.66% after immersion in alkaline media for 24h, whereas that of raw AI decreased by 14.82%. Peel-off tests of the paint films showed that the composite particles moved slightly away from the paint films. In contrast, the raw A1 particles were seriously desquamated, suggesting encapsulation of hybrid films can greatly improve the adhesive properties of A1 particles in paint films.

Clinical Experience in Treatment of Amanita Mushroom Poisoning with Glossy Ganoderma Decoction (灵芝煎剂) and Routine Western Medicines

Objective： To assess the effects of treatment of Amanita mushroom poisoning with Glossy anoderma Decoction （灵芝煎剂, GGD）. Methods： Twelve patients with acute Amanita mushroom poisoning received conventional treatment （penicillin and reduced glutathione） combined with oral administration of GGD （treated group）, which was prepared out of 200 g Glossy ganoderma decocted in water to 600 mL, and 200 ml was given once, three times a day for 7 successive days; while conventional treatment alone was given to the other 11 patients assigned to the control group. The therapeutic efficacy and changes in serum levels of total bilirubin （TBil）, bile acids （BA）, alanine transaminase （ALl-）, and aspartate transaminase （AST） activities in the two groups were compared. Results： The cured- markedly effective rate in the treated group was more significant than that in the control group （P〈0.01）. Elevation in TBil, BA, ALT, and AST activities were observed in both groups 3 days after poisoning, which progressively increased thereafter in the control group. In the treated group, they reached their peak on the 3rd day and then declined gradually. The differences between pre-treatment and post-treatment in both groups were obviously significant （P〈0.01）, so were the differences between the two groups at corresponding time points （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： GGD shows excellent clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute Amanita mushroom poisoning and can reduce mortality significantly.

Preliminary Study of the Characteristics of Several Glossy Cabbage(Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) Mutants

To determine the characteristics and potential practical applications of glossy cabbage(Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) mutants, five different glossy mutants were studied. The amount of epicuticular wax covering the mutant leaves was only approximately 30% that of the wild-type(WT) leaves. The wax crystals of WT plants were columnar and linear, while they were granular and rod-shaped in the mutants. Additionally, in WT cabbage, the primary wax components were alkanes, alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, and aldehydes. There was a significant decrease in the abundance of alkanes and ketones in the wax of the mutants. The glossy-green trait of the mutants may be the result of an inhibited alkane-forming pathway. Higher rates of chlorophyll leaching and water loss demonstrate that the mutant leaves were more permeable and sensitive to drought stress than the WT leaves. Growth curve results indicated that the growth rate of mutant-1 and mutant-3 was slower than that of the corresponding WT cabbage, resulting in shorter plants. However, the growth rate of mutant-2 was not influenced by the lack of coating wax. An investigation of the agronomic traits and heterosis of the glossy cabbage mutants indicated that all five mutants had glossy-green leaves, which was a favorable characteristic. The F1 plants derived from crosses involving mutant-2 exhibited obvious heterosis, suggesting the observed glossy-green trait is controlled by a dominant gene. Therefore, mutant-2 may be useful as a source of genetic material for future cabbage breeding experiments.