Background Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody （GADA） and protein tyrosine phosphatase antibody （IA-2A） are two major autoantibodies, which exert important roles in the process of type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1D）...Background Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody （GADA） and protein tyrosine phosphatase antibody （IA-2A） are two major autoantibodies, which exert important roles in the process of type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1D）. Our study aimed to investigate the changes in positivity and titers of GADA and IA-2A during the course of Chinese acute-onset T1D patients and their relationships with clinical features.展开更多
Objective To investigate the diagnostic role of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65 Ab) in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) and the frequency of GAD Ab in Chinese patients initially di...Objective To investigate the diagnostic role of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65 Ab) in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) and the frequency of GAD Ab in Chinese patients initially diagnosed as non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Methods Forty five control subjects and 195 consecutive inpatients initially classified as NIDDM with ≥35 years of age at onset and nonketotic history for >6 months after diagnosis, were recruited In vitro transcripted and translated recombinant human 35 S GAD 65 was used in radioligand assay of GAD Ab Results The overall prevalence of GAD 65 Ab was 14 8% (29/195) in NIDDM patients and 2 2% (1/45) in control subjects, respectively Of the 29 GAD 65 Ab positive patients, 17 (58 6%) were insulin deficient while 12 (41 4%) were non insulin deficient The prevalence of GAD 65 Ab in NIDDM group with age of <40 years at diabetes onset, ketotic history, body mass index (BMI) <21 kg/m 2, were significantly higher than that of corresponding control diabetic subgroups (2 5, 4 1 and 3 2 times, respectively) The sex, duration, symptoms of polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and weight loss at onset of the disease were not related to the prevalence of GAD 65 Ab positivity Conclusions In China, patients initially diagnosed as NIDDM may in many cases suffer from LADA Testing by GAD 65 Ab may be of assistance to identifying LADA at the earliest stage of disease展开更多
Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)possibly plays a causative role in mood disorders.This hypothesis originated with studies on the beneficial effect of valproate in mania and as a mood stabilizer.Since valproate is known f...Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)possibly plays a causative role in mood disorders.This hypothesis originated with studies on the beneficial effect of valproate in mania and as a mood stabilizer.Since valproate is known for its action in increasing the level of GABA,it was indirectly suggested that decreasing levels of GABA were responsible for mood alterations.To identify factors causing the decreased levels of GABA,studies have concentrated on the activity of the enzyme L-glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD),which catalyzes the transformation of glutamate to GABA,as a decreasing function of this enzyme induces lower levels of the neurotransmitter.Moreover,a very limited amount of research investigated the possible role of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies(GADA)in determining a decreased enzymatic function of GAD.If these findings are confirmed,it will be possible to improve diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders.In addition,if the presence of GADA is associated with a genetic trait,this would allow and facilitate early diagnoses.展开更多
Type 1 diabetes can be classified into immune-mediated diabetes (type 1A) and idiopathic diabetes, which lacks immunological evidence for beta cell autoimmunity (type 1B). Type 1A diabetes is characterized by the pres...Type 1 diabetes can be classified into immune-mediated diabetes (type 1A) and idiopathic diabetes, which lacks immunological evidence for beta cell autoimmunity (type 1B). Type 1A diabetes is characterized by the presence of the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (anti-GADab). Fulminant type 1 diabetes is classified as type 1B diabetes, and characterized by the absence of anti-GADab, flu-like symptoms, and elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes. We report a type 1 diabetic patient who showed flu-like symptoms, elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes, and an extremely high-titer of anti-GADab, manifesting the characteristics of both type 1A and fulminant type 1 diabetes.展开更多
Background: Measuring fasting C-peptide (FCP) and antibodies against Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and Islet cell antibodies (ICA) are not so commonly explored in children and young adults. Objectives: To assess ...Background: Measuring fasting C-peptide (FCP) and antibodies against Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and Islet cell antibodies (ICA) are not so commonly explored in children and young adults. Objectives: To assess the levels of FCP, GADA and ICA in subjects below the age of 25 years with DM and compare their levels to differentiate between Autoimmune and Non-Autoimmune Type 1 DM. Methodology: Blood samples of 93 subjects diagnosed with DM, reporting to the tertiary care hospital, were analysed for ICA, GADA and FCP. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were analysed to check the ability of autoimmune markers, BMI and C-peptide to differentiate between Autoimmune (Ai) and Non-Autoimmune (NonAi) diabetes. Results: 30/93 (32.2%) were positive for anti-GAD ab and/or ICA and categorised as Autoimmune (Ai), the most common antibody being, anti-GAD ab (80%) in them. The level of FCP among Ai compared to NonAi, was significantly low (p 20.75 nmol/l) as a very dependable test for diagnosing Ai, Type 1 DM, in children and young adults. Its sensitivity and specificity are in the range of 86.2% and 96.8% respectively. Low level of C-peptide (Conclusion: This study revealed predominant positivity for anti-GAD ab (80%) among Ai+ patients. ROC analysis shows GADA above 20.75 nmol/l and Fasting C-peptide < 0.36 nmol/l as a good indicator for diagnosing Ai in children and young adults.展开更多
文摘Background Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody （GADA） and protein tyrosine phosphatase antibody （IA-2A） are two major autoantibodies, which exert important roles in the process of type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1D）. Our study aimed to investigate the changes in positivity and titers of GADA and IA-2A during the course of Chinese acute-onset T1D patients and their relationships with clinical features.
文摘Objective To investigate the diagnostic role of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65 Ab) in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) and the frequency of GAD Ab in Chinese patients initially diagnosed as non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Methods Forty five control subjects and 195 consecutive inpatients initially classified as NIDDM with ≥35 years of age at onset and nonketotic history for >6 months after diagnosis, were recruited In vitro transcripted and translated recombinant human 35 S GAD 65 was used in radioligand assay of GAD Ab Results The overall prevalence of GAD 65 Ab was 14 8% (29/195) in NIDDM patients and 2 2% (1/45) in control subjects, respectively Of the 29 GAD 65 Ab positive patients, 17 (58 6%) were insulin deficient while 12 (41 4%) were non insulin deficient The prevalence of GAD 65 Ab in NIDDM group with age of <40 years at diabetes onset, ketotic history, body mass index (BMI) <21 kg/m 2, were significantly higher than that of corresponding control diabetic subgroups (2 5, 4 1 and 3 2 times, respectively) The sex, duration, symptoms of polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and weight loss at onset of the disease were not related to the prevalence of GAD 65 Ab positivity Conclusions In China, patients initially diagnosed as NIDDM may in many cases suffer from LADA Testing by GAD 65 Ab may be of assistance to identifying LADA at the earliest stage of disease
文摘Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)possibly plays a causative role in mood disorders.This hypothesis originated with studies on the beneficial effect of valproate in mania and as a mood stabilizer.Since valproate is known for its action in increasing the level of GABA,it was indirectly suggested that decreasing levels of GABA were responsible for mood alterations.To identify factors causing the decreased levels of GABA,studies have concentrated on the activity of the enzyme L-glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD),which catalyzes the transformation of glutamate to GABA,as a decreasing function of this enzyme induces lower levels of the neurotransmitter.Moreover,a very limited amount of research investigated the possible role of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies(GADA)in determining a decreased enzymatic function of GAD.If these findings are confirmed,it will be possible to improve diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders.In addition,if the presence of GADA is associated with a genetic trait,this would allow and facilitate early diagnoses.
文摘Type 1 diabetes can be classified into immune-mediated diabetes (type 1A) and idiopathic diabetes, which lacks immunological evidence for beta cell autoimmunity (type 1B). Type 1A diabetes is characterized by the presence of the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (anti-GADab). Fulminant type 1 diabetes is classified as type 1B diabetes, and characterized by the absence of anti-GADab, flu-like symptoms, and elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes. We report a type 1 diabetic patient who showed flu-like symptoms, elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes, and an extremely high-titer of anti-GADab, manifesting the characteristics of both type 1A and fulminant type 1 diabetes.
文摘Background: Measuring fasting C-peptide (FCP) and antibodies against Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and Islet cell antibodies (ICA) are not so commonly explored in children and young adults. Objectives: To assess the levels of FCP, GADA and ICA in subjects below the age of 25 years with DM and compare their levels to differentiate between Autoimmune and Non-Autoimmune Type 1 DM. Methodology: Blood samples of 93 subjects diagnosed with DM, reporting to the tertiary care hospital, were analysed for ICA, GADA and FCP. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were analysed to check the ability of autoimmune markers, BMI and C-peptide to differentiate between Autoimmune (Ai) and Non-Autoimmune (NonAi) diabetes. Results: 30/93 (32.2%) were positive for anti-GAD ab and/or ICA and categorised as Autoimmune (Ai), the most common antibody being, anti-GAD ab (80%) in them. The level of FCP among Ai compared to NonAi, was significantly low (p 20.75 nmol/l) as a very dependable test for diagnosing Ai, Type 1 DM, in children and young adults. Its sensitivity and specificity are in the range of 86.2% and 96.8% respectively. Low level of C-peptide (Conclusion: This study revealed predominant positivity for anti-GAD ab (80%) among Ai+ patients. ROC analysis shows GADA above 20.75 nmol/l and Fasting C-peptide < 0.36 nmol/l as a good indicator for diagnosing Ai in children and young adults.
