Aegilops umbellulata(UU)is a wheat wild relative that has potential use in the genetic improvement of wheat.In this study,46 Ae.umbellulata accessions were investigated for stripe rust resistance,heading date(HD),and ...Aegilops umbellulata(UU)is a wheat wild relative that has potential use in the genetic improvement of wheat.In this study,46 Ae.umbellulata accessions were investigated for stripe rust resistance,heading date(HD),and the contents of iron(Fe),zinc(Zn),and seed gluten proteins.Forty-two of the accessions were classified as resistant to stripe rust,while the other four accessions were classified as susceptible to stripe rust in four environments.The average HD of Ae.umbellulata was significantly longer than that of three common wheat cultivars(180.9 d vs.137.0 d),with the exception of PI226500(138.9 d).The Ae.umbellulata accessions also showed high variability in Fe(69.74-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(49.83-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents.Three accessions(viz.,PI542362,PI542363,and PI554399)showed relatively higher Fe(230.96-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(92.46-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents than the others.The Fe content of Ae.umbellulata was similar to those of Ae.comosa and Ae.markgrafii but higher than those of Ae.tauschii and common wheat.Aegilops umbellulata showed a higher Zn content than Ae.tauschii,Ae.comosa,and common wheat,but a lower content than Ae.markgrafii.Furthermore,Ae.umbellulata had the highest proportion of γ-gliadin among all the species investigated(Ae.umbellulata vs.other species=mean 72.11%vs.49.37%;range:55.33-86.99%vs.29.60-67.91%).These results demonstrated that Ae.umbellulata exhibits great diversity in the investigated traits,so it can provide a potential gene pool for the genetic improvement of these traits in wheat.展开更多
A growth experiment was conducted on cobia(Rachycentron canadum,initial weight 108.2 g ± 3.0 g) to investigate the effects of dietary corn gluten meal(CGM) levels on the fish growth,whole body composition and pro...A growth experiment was conducted on cobia(Rachycentron canadum,initial weight 108.2 g ± 3.0 g) to investigate the effects of dietary corn gluten meal(CGM) levels on the fish growth,whole body composition and protein metabolism in relation to specific gene expression.Five isonitrogenous(crude protein 45%) and isoenergetic(gross energy 20 kJ g 1) practical diets were formulated by replacing 0%(the control),17.5%,35.0%,52.5%,and 70.0% of fish meal(FM) protein with CGM protein.No significant differences were observed in the survival,feed intake(FI),specific growth rate(SGR),feed efficiency(FE) and protein productive value(PPV) among fish fed diets with 0%,17.5%,35.0%,and 52.5% of CGM protein.However,these indices were significantly lower in fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein than those in fish fed the control diet(P < 0.05).The whole-body crude protein and lipid contents were significantly lower while the whole-body moisture content was significantly higher in fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein compared with the control group(P < 0.05).When 70.0% of FM protein was replaced by CGM,plasma total protein and cholesterol contents were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05).Fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein had significantly lower hepatic insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) expression levels than those in the control group(P < 0.05).However,no significant differences were observed in hepatic target of rapamycin(TOR),dorsal muscle IGF-I and TOR expression levels among dietary treatments.Results of the present study indicated that 52.5% of FM protein could be replaced by CGM in the diets without significant influences on the growth,feed utilization and protein metabolism of juvenile cobia.The present results might be useful for developing cost effective and sustainable cobia dietary formulations.展开更多
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy,also known as coeliac disease(CD),is an autoimmune disorder occurring in genetically susceptible individuals that damages the small intestine and interferes with the absorption of other nu...Gluten-sensitive enteropathy,also known as coeliac disease(CD),is an autoimmune disorder occurring in genetically susceptible individuals that damages the small intestine and interferes with the absorption of other nutrients.As it is triggered by dietary gluten and related prolamins present in wheat,rye and barley,the accepted treatment for CD is a strict gluten-free diet.However,a complete exclusion of gluten-containing cereals from the diet is often difficult,and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed.A class of proteins that have already emerged as drug targets for other autoimmune diseases are the heat shock proteins(HSPs),which are highly conserved stress-induced chaperones that protect cells against harmful extracellular factors.HSPs are expressed in several tissues,including the gastrointestinal tract,and their levels are significantly increased under stress circumstances.HSPs exert immunomodulatory effects,and also play a crucial role in the maintenance of epithelial cell structure and function,as they are responsible for adequate protein folding,influence the degradation of proteins and cell repair processes after damage,and modulate cell signalling,cell proliferation and apoptosis.The present review discusses the involvement of HSPs in the pathophysiology of CD.Furthermore,HSPs may represent a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of CD due to the cytoprotective,immunomodulatory,and anti-apoptotic effects in the intestinal mucosal barrier.展开更多
Before the advent of the wheat genomic era, a wide range of studies were conducted to understand the chemistry and functions of the wheat storage proteins,which are the major determinants of wheat flour the suitabilit...Before the advent of the wheat genomic era, a wide range of studies were conducted to understand the chemistry and functions of the wheat storage proteins,which are the major determinants of wheat flour the suitability of wheat flour for various end products, such as bread, noodles and cakes.Wheat grain protein is divided into gluten and non-gluten fractions and the wheat processing quality mainly depends on the gluten fractions.Gluten provides the unique extensibility and elasticity of dough that are essential for various wheat end products.Disulfide bonds are formed between cysteine residues,which is the chemical bases for the physical properties of dough.Based on the SDS-extractability, grain protein is divided into SDS-unextractable polymeric protein(UPP)and SDS-extractable polymeric protein.The percentage of UPP is positively related to the formation of disulfide bonds in the dough matrix.In the wheat genomic era, new glutenins with long repetitive central domains that contain a high number of consensus hexapeptide and nonapeptide motifs as well as high content of cysteine and glutamine residues should be targeted.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771783)the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province,China(2021YFYZ0002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(2018HH0130 and 2022YFH0105)。
文摘Aegilops umbellulata(UU)is a wheat wild relative that has potential use in the genetic improvement of wheat.In this study,46 Ae.umbellulata accessions were investigated for stripe rust resistance,heading date(HD),and the contents of iron(Fe),zinc(Zn),and seed gluten proteins.Forty-two of the accessions were classified as resistant to stripe rust,while the other four accessions were classified as susceptible to stripe rust in four environments.The average HD of Ae.umbellulata was significantly longer than that of three common wheat cultivars(180.9 d vs.137.0 d),with the exception of PI226500(138.9 d).The Ae.umbellulata accessions also showed high variability in Fe(69.74-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(49.83-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents.Three accessions(viz.,PI542362,PI542363,and PI554399)showed relatively higher Fe(230.96-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(92.46-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents than the others.The Fe content of Ae.umbellulata was similar to those of Ae.comosa and Ae.markgrafii but higher than those of Ae.tauschii and common wheat.Aegilops umbellulata showed a higher Zn content than Ae.tauschii,Ae.comosa,and common wheat,but a lower content than Ae.markgrafii.Furthermore,Ae.umbellulata had the highest proportion of γ-gliadin among all the species investigated(Ae.umbellulata vs.other species=mean 72.11%vs.49.37%;range:55.33-86.99%vs.29.60-67.91%).These results demonstrated that Ae.umbellulata exhibits great diversity in the investigated traits,so it can provide a potential gene pool for the genetic improvement of these traits in wheat.
基金the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation(Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China,No.201003020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30901108)Agricultural Scientific and Technological Achievements into Capital 2010GB23600673
文摘A growth experiment was conducted on cobia(Rachycentron canadum,initial weight 108.2 g ± 3.0 g) to investigate the effects of dietary corn gluten meal(CGM) levels on the fish growth,whole body composition and protein metabolism in relation to specific gene expression.Five isonitrogenous(crude protein 45%) and isoenergetic(gross energy 20 kJ g 1) practical diets were formulated by replacing 0%(the control),17.5%,35.0%,52.5%,and 70.0% of fish meal(FM) protein with CGM protein.No significant differences were observed in the survival,feed intake(FI),specific growth rate(SGR),feed efficiency(FE) and protein productive value(PPV) among fish fed diets with 0%,17.5%,35.0%,and 52.5% of CGM protein.However,these indices were significantly lower in fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein than those in fish fed the control diet(P < 0.05).The whole-body crude protein and lipid contents were significantly lower while the whole-body moisture content was significantly higher in fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein compared with the control group(P < 0.05).When 70.0% of FM protein was replaced by CGM,plasma total protein and cholesterol contents were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05).Fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein had significantly lower hepatic insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) expression levels than those in the control group(P < 0.05).However,no significant differences were observed in hepatic target of rapamycin(TOR),dorsal muscle IGF-I and TOR expression levels among dietary treatments.Results of the present study indicated that 52.5% of FM protein could be replaced by CGM in the diets without significant influences on the growth,feed utilization and protein metabolism of juvenile cobia.The present results might be useful for developing cost effective and sustainable cobia dietary formulations.
基金Supported by OTKA-84087/2010,-K81117,-K105530,-PD83431,-PD105361,"Lendulet"Research Grant LP2011-008,2011 and KMR_12-1-2012-0074Vannayáand Veres G are holders of the János Bolyai Research Grant by János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
文摘Gluten-sensitive enteropathy,also known as coeliac disease(CD),is an autoimmune disorder occurring in genetically susceptible individuals that damages the small intestine and interferes with the absorption of other nutrients.As it is triggered by dietary gluten and related prolamins present in wheat,rye and barley,the accepted treatment for CD is a strict gluten-free diet.However,a complete exclusion of gluten-containing cereals from the diet is often difficult,and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed.A class of proteins that have already emerged as drug targets for other autoimmune diseases are the heat shock proteins(HSPs),which are highly conserved stress-induced chaperones that protect cells against harmful extracellular factors.HSPs are expressed in several tissues,including the gastrointestinal tract,and their levels are significantly increased under stress circumstances.HSPs exert immunomodulatory effects,and also play a crucial role in the maintenance of epithelial cell structure and function,as they are responsible for adequate protein folding,influence the degradation of proteins and cell repair processes after damage,and modulate cell signalling,cell proliferation and apoptosis.The present review discusses the involvement of HSPs in the pathophysiology of CD.Furthermore,HSPs may represent a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of CD due to the cytoprotective,immunomodulatory,and anti-apoptotic effects in the intestinal mucosal barrier.
文摘Before the advent of the wheat genomic era, a wide range of studies were conducted to understand the chemistry and functions of the wheat storage proteins,which are the major determinants of wheat flour the suitability of wheat flour for various end products, such as bread, noodles and cakes.Wheat grain protein is divided into gluten and non-gluten fractions and the wheat processing quality mainly depends on the gluten fractions.Gluten provides the unique extensibility and elasticity of dough that are essential for various wheat end products.Disulfide bonds are formed between cysteine residues,which is the chemical bases for the physical properties of dough.Based on the SDS-extractability, grain protein is divided into SDS-unextractable polymeric protein(UPP)and SDS-extractable polymeric protein.The percentage of UPP is positively related to the formation of disulfide bonds in the dough matrix.In the wheat genomic era, new glutenins with long repetitive central domains that contain a high number of consensus hexapeptide and nonapeptide motifs as well as high content of cysteine and glutamine residues should be targeted.
