The enzyme myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase（MIPS EC 5.5.1.4） catalyzes the first step of myo-inositol biosynthesis, a product that plays crucial roles in plants as an osmoprotectant, transduction molecule, cell wal...The enzyme myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase（MIPS EC 5.5.1.4） catalyzes the first step of myo-inositol biosynthesis, a product that plays crucial roles in plants as an osmoprotectant, transduction molecule, cell wall constituent and production of stress related molecule. Previous reports highlighted an important role of MIPS family genes in abiotic stresses particularly under salt stress tolerance in several plant species; however, little is known about the cellular and physiological functions of MIPS2 genes under abiotic conditions. In this study, a novel salt stress responsive gene designated Gs MIPS2 from wild soybean Glycine soja 07256 was functionally characterized contained an open reading frame（ORF） of 1 533 bp coding a peptide sequence of 510 amino acids along with mass of 56 445 ku. Multiple sequence alignment analysis revealed its 92%-99% similarity with other MIPS family members in legume proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated that Gs MIPS2 was induced by salt stress and expressed in roots of soybean. The positive function of Gs MIPS2 under salt response at different growth stages of transgenic Arabidopsis was also elucidated. The results showed that Gs MIPS2 transgenic lines displayed increased tolerance as compared to WT and atmips2 mutant lines under salt stress. Furthermore, the expression levels of some salt stress responsive marker genes, including KIN1, RD29 A, RD29 B, P5 Cs and COR47 were significantly up-regulated in Gs MIPS2 overexpression lines than wild type and atmips2 mutant. Collectively, these results suggested that Gs MIPS2 gene was a positive regulator of plant tolerance to salt stress. This was the first report to demonstrate that overexpression of Gs MIPS2 gene from wild soybean improved salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.展开更多
Trehalose synthase is an important functional enzyme in the synthesis of trehalose in organisms and also participates in plant stress-resistant physiological processes.The transcriptomic study showed that a trehalose-...Trehalose synthase is an important functional enzyme in the synthesis of trehalose in organisms and also participates in plant stress-resistant physiological processes.The transcriptomic study showed that a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene was responsive to salt and alkaline stresses in Glycine soja.To dissect the molecular mechanisms of this enzyme in plant responses to stresses,the PCR technique was used to clone a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene from Glycine soja and it was designated as the GsTPS9.The full-length cDNA of this gene was 2583bp which encoded 861 amino acids.The sequence and structure analyses indicated that the GsTPS9 had high homology with Glycine max GmTPS9.The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the GsTPS9 gene was expressed in Glycine soja roots,stems and leaves,and the highest expression level was in roots;the GsTPS9 gene had different responses under the stresses of NaCl,NaHCO_(3),PEG6000,ABA,MeJA and SA.This study laid the foundation for revealing the mechanism of the TPS in plant signal transduction pathways.展开更多
“Breeding by design” for pure lines may be achieved by construction of an additive QTL-allele matrix in a germplasm panel or breeding population, but this option is not available for hybrids, where both additive and...“Breeding by design” for pure lines may be achieved by construction of an additive QTL-allele matrix in a germplasm panel or breeding population, but this option is not available for hybrids, where both additive and dominance QTL-allele matrices must be constructed. In this study, a hybrid-QTL identification approach, designated PLSRGA, using partial least squares regression(PLSR) for model fitting integrated with a genetic algorithm(GA) for variable selection based on a multi-locus, multi-allele model is described for additive and dominance QTL-allele detection in a diallel hybrid population(DHP). The PLSRGA was shown by simulation experiments to be superior to single-marker analysis and was then used for QTL-allele identification in a soybean DPH yield experiment with eight parents. Twenty-eight main-effect QTL with 138 alleles and nine QTL × environment QTL with 46 alleles were identified, with respective contributions of 61.8% and 23.5% of phenotypic variation. Main-effect additive and dominance QTL-allele matrices were established as a compact form of the DHP genetic structure. The mechanism of heterosis superior-to-parents(or superior-to-parents heterosis, SPH) was explored and might be explained by a complementary locus-set composed of OD+(showing positive over-dominance, most often), PD+(showing positive partial-to-complete dominance, less often) and HA+(showing positive homozygous additivity, occasionally) loci, depending on the parental materials. Any locus-type, whether OD+, PD + and HA+, could be the best genotype of a locus. All hybrids showed various numbers of better or best genotypes at many but not necessarily all loci, indicating further SPH improvement. Based on the additive/dominance QTL-allele matrices, the best hybrid genotype was predicted, and a hybrid improvement approach is suggested. PLSRGA is powerful for hybrid QTL-allele detection and cross-SPH improvement.展开更多
A scanning electron microscope observation is carried out on Glycine soja L., which grows around the estuary of the Yellow River, in Kenli County, Shandong Province. It is first discovered that there are salt glands, ...A scanning electron microscope observation is carried out on Glycine soja L., which grows around the estuary of the Yellow River, in Kenli County, Shandong Province. It is first discovered that there are salt glands, in the shape of balls, on the surface of the stems and leaves of G. soja L., and distributed at the intercellular layer. With a handle at the base, the salt glands are not equal in size, and show a layer-upon-layer structure. They have a diameter of 21 .6 μm, a handle length of 1.2 μm, their secretory pore’s diameter is 5.6 μm. There are two ways to secrete salt ions: younger glands secrete salt ions through the secretory pore, and mature glands by breaking themselves.展开更多
S-adenosylmethionine （SAM） plays important role in trans-methyl reactions. Under the condition of drought （30% PEG）, salinity （200 mmol· L^-1 NaCl） and low temperature （4℃）, total RNA was extracted from ...S-adenosylmethionine （SAM） plays important role in trans-methyl reactions. Under the condition of drought （30% PEG）, salinity （200 mmol· L^-1 NaCl） and low temperature （4℃）, total RNA was extracted from the leaf and the first strand of cDNA was synthesized with reverse transcription. S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene （SAMS gene） was amplified by PCR with the first strand cDNA as template and a pair of primers which was based on constructed ESTs sequence. Full-length SAMS gene sequence was obtained by BLAST comparison. According to the analysis, completed sequence of SAMS gene was integrality. The sequence of the SAMS gene was 1 185 bp in length with an opening reading frame （ORF） encoding 394 amino acids. The cDNA sequence showed a significant homology to the SAM genes from Phaseolus lunatus （89%）, Medicago sativa （85%）. A prokaryotic expression vectors based on pET-32b had been constructed and prokaryotic expression was analyzed in order to lay a strong foundation for resist adversity function analysis through situation of genic expression analysis.展开更多
Shade tolerance is essential for soybeans in inter/relay cropping systems.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)integrated with transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify genes and construct a genetic network g...Shade tolerance is essential for soybeans in inter/relay cropping systems.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)integrated with transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify genes and construct a genetic network governing the trait in a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from two soybean parents with contrasting shade tolerance.An improved GWAS procedure,restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association study based on gene/allele sequence markers(GASM-RTM-GWAS),identified 140 genes and their alleles associated with shade-tolerance index(STI),146 with relative pith cell length(RCL),and nine with both.Annotation of these genes by biological categories allowed the construction of a protein–protein interaction network by 187 genes,of which half were differentially expressed under shading and non-shading conditions as well as at different growth stages.From the identified genes,three ones jointly identified for both traits by both GWAS and transcriptome and two genes with maximum links were chosen as beginners for entrance into the network.Altogether,both STI and RCL gene systems worked for shade-tolerance with genes interacted each other,this confirmed that shadetolerance is regulated by more than single group of interacted genes,involving multiple biological functions as a gene network.展开更多
采用石蜡切片和光学显微技术,对生长在白城郊区和长春市不同生态环境下的001号和010号野生大豆(Glycine soja Seib.et Zucc).,进行同步栽培试验、同步结构比较研究。结果发现,生长在白城郊区的野生大豆根演化出比长春市生长的野生大豆...采用石蜡切片和光学显微技术,对生长在白城郊区和长春市不同生态环境下的001号和010号野生大豆(Glycine soja Seib.et Zucc).,进行同步栽培试验、同步结构比较研究。结果发现,生长在白城郊区的野生大豆根演化出比长春市生长的野生大豆较高级的抗盐结构。盐渍环境下白城郊区的野生大豆001号和010号的根变粗、周皮厚度增大、次生木质部导管孔径大、数量多,木质部管孔链多,长春市的野生大豆根较细,单管孔多。试验结果表明,野生大豆植物在盐碱环境胁迫下,根已经演化出颉颃逆境结构,这些变化证明盐胁迫直接影响了野生大豆植物体根形态结构的形成。展开更多
As an important plant species with high protein contents,wild soybean(Glycine soja),has drawn much attention and appeared to be useful for the genetic improvement of soybean germplasms.Since temperature is one of the ...As an important plant species with high protein contents,wild soybean(Glycine soja),has drawn much attention and appeared to be useful for the genetic improvement of soybean germplasms.Since temperature is one of the numerous environmental factors affecting the germination of most plants,an experimental study was carried out to determine the effect of temperature on germination of wild soybean(G.soja)seeds.Germination test was conducted by setting up thirty-six constant and alternating temperature regimes,ranging from 5 to 40 ℃(16 h night/8 h day).Responses in germination rate to these temperature regimes were then used to construct a quadratic response surface,giving estimated germination rates with confidence intervals at P ≤ 0.05.The results showed that germination capacity was significantly greater while exposed to constant temperatures of 25 ℃,and under the alternating temperature regime the optimum temperature occurred at the 20/25,25/25,25/30 ℃ regime(16 h/8 h)with the amplitude widened from 0 to 5 ℃.Together with regional monthly climate data,these results could be used to improve and promote the cultivation of wild soybean(G.soja),making it available to develop the location-specific optimum seeding time and to apply weed-control treatments.展开更多
基金Supported by "863" Project(2008AA10Z153)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171578)+1 种基金Heilongjiang Provincial Higher School Science and Technology Innovation Team Building Program(2011TD005)the National Basic Scientific Talent Training Fund Projects(J1210069)
文摘The enzyme myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase（MIPS EC 5.5.1.4） catalyzes the first step of myo-inositol biosynthesis, a product that plays crucial roles in plants as an osmoprotectant, transduction molecule, cell wall constituent and production of stress related molecule. Previous reports highlighted an important role of MIPS family genes in abiotic stresses particularly under salt stress tolerance in several plant species; however, little is known about the cellular and physiological functions of MIPS2 genes under abiotic conditions. In this study, a novel salt stress responsive gene designated Gs MIPS2 from wild soybean Glycine soja 07256 was functionally characterized contained an open reading frame（ORF） of 1 533 bp coding a peptide sequence of 510 amino acids along with mass of 56 445 ku. Multiple sequence alignment analysis revealed its 92%-99% similarity with other MIPS family members in legume proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated that Gs MIPS2 was induced by salt stress and expressed in roots of soybean. The positive function of Gs MIPS2 under salt response at different growth stages of transgenic Arabidopsis was also elucidated. The results showed that Gs MIPS2 transgenic lines displayed increased tolerance as compared to WT and atmips2 mutant lines under salt stress. Furthermore, the expression levels of some salt stress responsive marker genes, including KIN1, RD29 A, RD29 B, P5 Cs and COR47 were significantly up-regulated in Gs MIPS2 overexpression lines than wild type and atmips2 mutant. Collectively, these results suggested that Gs MIPS2 gene was a positive regulator of plant tolerance to salt stress. This was the first report to demonstrate that overexpression of Gs MIPS2 gene from wild soybean improved salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670272)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(C2017014)。
文摘Trehalose synthase is an important functional enzyme in the synthesis of trehalose in organisms and also participates in plant stress-resistant physiological processes.The transcriptomic study showed that a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene was responsive to salt and alkaline stresses in Glycine soja.To dissect the molecular mechanisms of this enzyme in plant responses to stresses,the PCR technique was used to clone a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene from Glycine soja and it was designated as the GsTPS9.The full-length cDNA of this gene was 2583bp which encoded 861 amino acids.The sequence and structure analyses indicated that the GsTPS9 had high homology with Glycine max GmTPS9.The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the GsTPS9 gene was expressed in Glycine soja roots,stems and leaves,and the highest expression level was in roots;the GsTPS9 gene had different responses under the stresses of NaCl,NaHCO_(3),PEG6000,ABA,MeJA and SA.This study laid the foundation for revealing the mechanism of the TPS in plant signal transduction pathways.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1001204,2017YFD0101500)the MOE Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (“111”Project, B08025)+4 种基金the MOE Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT_17R55)the MARA CARS-04 Programthe Jiangsu Higher Education PAPD Programthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KYZZ201901)the Jiangsu JCICMCP Program。
文摘“Breeding by design” for pure lines may be achieved by construction of an additive QTL-allele matrix in a germplasm panel or breeding population, but this option is not available for hybrids, where both additive and dominance QTL-allele matrices must be constructed. In this study, a hybrid-QTL identification approach, designated PLSRGA, using partial least squares regression(PLSR) for model fitting integrated with a genetic algorithm(GA) for variable selection based on a multi-locus, multi-allele model is described for additive and dominance QTL-allele detection in a diallel hybrid population(DHP). The PLSRGA was shown by simulation experiments to be superior to single-marker analysis and was then used for QTL-allele identification in a soybean DPH yield experiment with eight parents. Twenty-eight main-effect QTL with 138 alleles and nine QTL × environment QTL with 46 alleles were identified, with respective contributions of 61.8% and 23.5% of phenotypic variation. Main-effect additive and dominance QTL-allele matrices were established as a compact form of the DHP genetic structure. The mechanism of heterosis superior-to-parents(or superior-to-parents heterosis, SPH) was explored and might be explained by a complementary locus-set composed of OD+(showing positive over-dominance, most often), PD+(showing positive partial-to-complete dominance, less often) and HA+(showing positive homozygous additivity, occasionally) loci, depending on the parental materials. Any locus-type, whether OD+, PD + and HA+, could be the best genotype of a locus. All hybrids showed various numbers of better or best genotypes at many but not necessarily all loci, indicating further SPH improvement. Based on the additive/dominance QTL-allele matrices, the best hybrid genotype was predicted, and a hybrid improvement approach is suggested. PLSRGA is powerful for hybrid QTL-allele detection and cross-SPH improvement.
文摘A scanning electron microscope observation is carried out on Glycine soja L., which grows around the estuary of the Yellow River, in Kenli County, Shandong Province. It is first discovered that there are salt glands, in the shape of balls, on the surface of the stems and leaves of G. soja L., and distributed at the intercellular layer. With a handle at the base, the salt glands are not equal in size, and show a layer-upon-layer structure. They have a diameter of 21 .6 μm, a handle length of 1.2 μm, their secretory pore’s diameter is 5.6 μm. There are two ways to secrete salt ions: younger glands secrete salt ions through the secretory pore, and mature glands by breaking themselves.
基金National Science Foundation (30570990)Heilongjiang Province Educational Committee Science Research Foundation (11521023)
文摘S-adenosylmethionine （SAM） plays important role in trans-methyl reactions. Under the condition of drought （30% PEG）, salinity （200 mmol· L^-1 NaCl） and low temperature （4℃）, total RNA was extracted from the leaf and the first strand of cDNA was synthesized with reverse transcription. S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene （SAMS gene） was amplified by PCR with the first strand cDNA as template and a pair of primers which was based on constructed ESTs sequence. Full-length SAMS gene sequence was obtained by BLAST comparison. According to the analysis, completed sequence of SAMS gene was integrality. The sequence of the SAMS gene was 1 185 bp in length with an opening reading frame （ORF） encoding 394 amino acids. The cDNA sequence showed a significant homology to the SAM genes from Phaseolus lunatus （89%）, Medicago sativa （85%）. A prokaryotic expression vectors based on pET-32b had been constructed and prokaryotic expression was analyzed in order to lay a strong foundation for resist adversity function analysis through situation of genic expression analysis.
基金This work was financially supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1001204,2021YFD1201602)the MOE 111 Project(B08025)+2 种基金the MOA CARS-04 program,the Program of Jiangsu province(JBGS-2021-014)the Guangxi Scientific Research and Technology Development Plan(14125008-2-16)the Guidance Foundation of Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University(NAUSY-ZZ02,NAUSY-MS05).
文摘Shade tolerance is essential for soybeans in inter/relay cropping systems.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)integrated with transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify genes and construct a genetic network governing the trait in a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from two soybean parents with contrasting shade tolerance.An improved GWAS procedure,restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association study based on gene/allele sequence markers(GASM-RTM-GWAS),identified 140 genes and their alleles associated with shade-tolerance index(STI),146 with relative pith cell length(RCL),and nine with both.Annotation of these genes by biological categories allowed the construction of a protein–protein interaction network by 187 genes,of which half were differentially expressed under shading and non-shading conditions as well as at different growth stages.From the identified genes,three ones jointly identified for both traits by both GWAS and transcriptome and two genes with maximum links were chosen as beginners for entrance into the network.Altogether,both STI and RCL gene systems worked for shade-tolerance with genes interacted each other,this confirmed that shadetolerance is regulated by more than single group of interacted genes,involving multiple biological functions as a gene network.
文摘采用石蜡切片和光学显微技术,对生长在白城郊区和长春市不同生态环境下的001号和010号野生大豆(Glycine soja Seib.et Zucc).,进行同步栽培试验、同步结构比较研究。结果发现,生长在白城郊区的野生大豆根演化出比长春市生长的野生大豆较高级的抗盐结构。盐渍环境下白城郊区的野生大豆001号和010号的根变粗、周皮厚度增大、次生木质部导管孔径大、数量多,木质部管孔链多,长春市的野生大豆根较细,单管孔多。试验结果表明,野生大豆植物在盐碱环境胁迫下,根已经演化出颉颃逆境结构,这些变化证明盐胁迫直接影响了野生大豆植物体根形态结构的形成。
基金supported by the fund of Jinhua Science Technology Foundation of China(2009-2-02)
文摘As an important plant species with high protein contents,wild soybean(Glycine soja),has drawn much attention and appeared to be useful for the genetic improvement of soybean germplasms.Since temperature is one of the numerous environmental factors affecting the germination of most plants,an experimental study was carried out to determine the effect of temperature on germination of wild soybean(G.soja)seeds.Germination test was conducted by setting up thirty-six constant and alternating temperature regimes,ranging from 5 to 40 ℃(16 h night/8 h day).Responses in germination rate to these temperature regimes were then used to construct a quadratic response surface,giving estimated germination rates with confidence intervals at P ≤ 0.05.The results showed that germination capacity was significantly greater while exposed to constant temperatures of 25 ℃,and under the alternating temperature regime the optimum temperature occurred at the 20/25,25/25,25/30 ℃ regime(16 h/8 h)with the amplitude widened from 0 to 5 ℃.Together with regional monthly climate data,these results could be used to improve and promote the cultivation of wild soybean(G.soja),making it available to develop the location-specific optimum seeding time and to apply weed-control treatments.
