The fundamental problem of similarity studies, in the frame of data-mining, is to examine and detect similar items in articles, papers, and books with huge sizes. In this paper, we are interested in the probabilistic,...The fundamental problem of similarity studies, in the frame of data-mining, is to examine and detect similar items in articles, papers, and books with huge sizes. In this paper, we are interested in the probabilistic, and the statistical and the algorithmic aspects in studies of texts. We will be using the approach of k-shinglings, a k-shingling being defined as a sequence of k consecutive characters that are extracted from a text (k ≥ 1). The main stake in this field is to find accurate and quick algorithms to compute the similarity in short times. This will be achieved in using approximation methods. The first approximation method is statistical and, is based on the theorem of Glivenko-Cantelli. The second is the banding technique. And the third concerns a modification of the algorithm proposed by Rajaraman et al. ([1]), denoted here as (RUM). The Jaccard index is the one being used in this paper. We finally illustrate these results of the paper on the four Gospels. The results are very conclusive.展开更多
GAPDH is a conserved enzyme that binds diverse proteins, such as Siah during apoptotic nuclear translocation. There is one somatic GAPDH gene, but over 60 pseudogenes, the expression of which is nebulous. A single nuc...GAPDH is a conserved enzyme that binds diverse proteins, such as Siah during apoptotic nuclear translocation. There is one somatic GAPDH gene, but over 60 pseudogenes, the expression of which is nebulous. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the GAPDHP44 pseudogene exhibits a beneficial allele in AD. The objective of this study was to examine the P44 gene and to propose a mechanism for the putative protein and its impact on AD. We examined the sequences in the putative coding region of the human GAPDHP44 gene and the upstream genetic elements usinga bioinformatics approach. We compared the amino acid sequences of the putative gene product with that of the parent GAPDH protein. There is a TATA box 24 nt upstream from, and a Kozak sequence at, putative transcription and translation start sites, respecttively. The upstream region also has sequences (7 - 16 nt) paralogous to those in parent gene introns;one shows homology to a known enhancer element. The resulting protein would contain 139 aa due to a stop codon, roughly the same size as the dinucleotide domain (151 aa) of the parent protein. The SNP is in a region (residues 80 - 120) that binds to the protein GOSPEL. We propose that the beneficial SNP may cause a glutamine to glutamate substitution. NMDA-stmulated neurons undergo GAPDH nitrosylation, Siah translocation, but can be rescued by GOSPEL binding to GAPDH. Our model suggests that the putative P44 protein may regulate GAPDH-GO-SPEL interaction and the beneficial SNPmay ameliorate AD.展开更多
1776年,德国新约学者格黎斯巴赫(Johann Jacob Griesbach)把《马太福音》、《马可福音》、《路加福音》平行排列起来,以便于考察三者之间的异同,并归纳出三者共有的故事大纲,此后三部福音就被合称为"对观福音书"。从叙事角度...1776年,德国新约学者格黎斯巴赫(Johann Jacob Griesbach)把《马太福音》、《马可福音》、《路加福音》平行排列起来,以便于考察三者之间的异同,并归纳出三者共有的故事大纲,此后三部福音就被合称为"对观福音书"。从叙事角度考虑,"对观福音书"实为同一故事的相似版本——三部作品虽出自不同使徒之手,但记述的内容和次序安排很接近,只是叙述的重点和写作的对象有分别。展开更多
耶稣(Jesus)是个革命者吗?他当然有一些可疑的政治同伙。奋锐党人西蒙(Simon the Zealot)便是其内部圈子的成员之一,而奋锐党作为一个反帝国主义的地下组织,则致力于将罗马人驱逐出巴勒斯坦。事实上,罗马在大主教辖区内的统治并不特别...耶稣(Jesus)是个革命者吗?他当然有一些可疑的政治同伙。奋锐党人西蒙(Simon the Zealot)便是其内部圈子的成员之一,而奋锐党作为一个反帝国主义的地下组织,则致力于将罗马人驱逐出巴勒斯坦。事实上,罗马在大主教辖区内的统治并不特别残暴。展开更多
"我要开口用比喻,把创世以来所隐藏的事发明出来。"《马太福音》13: 35( 中文和合本)把"列宁"和"基督教福音书"放在一起岂不怪哉? 对一个平素对宗教、基督教神学和《圣经》不屑一顾的人来说,这显得尤为..."我要开口用比喻,把创世以来所隐藏的事发明出来。"《马太福音》13: 35( 中文和合本)把"列宁"和"基督教福音书"放在一起岂不怪哉? 对一个平素对宗教、基督教神学和《圣经》不屑一顾的人来说,这显得尤为奇怪。然而,仔细阅读列宁的名著《怎么办?》( What Is to Be Done?1902) ①可以发现,福音书其实是这本著作一个延续不断的脉络。具体地说,列宁喜欢耶稣说的一些格言及比喻。展开更多
一、问题缘起1972年马库尔德(Friedrich-Wilhelm Marquardt,1928-2002)出版了他的著作《神学与社会主义:以卡尔·巴特为例》(Theologie und Sozialismus:Das Beispiel Karl Barths)。他直言:"早在当今的基督徒与马克思主义者...一、问题缘起1972年马库尔德(Friedrich-Wilhelm Marquardt,1928-2002)出版了他的著作《神学与社会主义:以卡尔·巴特为例》(Theologie und Sozialismus:Das Beispiel Karl Barths)。他直言:"早在当今的基督徒与马克思主义者对话之前,巴特在他的神学中已发展出了社会主义内容(sozialistischen Gehalt)。"(1)由此,德语神学界掀起了一场持久不休的激烈争论,并因此而分裂为左翼和右翼巴特神学阵营。展开更多
一个新的起点此文旨在通过被新约学者们称为"第五福音书"的《多马福音》(The Gopsel of Thomas)拓展我们对基督教起源的理解视角。正如学者们所知,在这部福音书中,大约有一半的内容都与对观福音书相吻合,然而它却使用了一种...一个新的起点此文旨在通过被新约学者们称为"第五福音书"的《多马福音》(The Gopsel of Thomas)拓展我们对基督教起源的理解视角。正如学者们所知,在这部福音书中,大约有一半的内容都与对观福音书相吻合,然而它却使用了一种独特的方式——语录汇编——来呈现这些大体相似的内容;由此,它被理解为是一种迥然不同的神学类型:智慧神学。这是一部独特的福音书,一部智慧福音,在这部福音书中,耶稣的话语(logoi)处于核心地位。展开更多
文摘The fundamental problem of similarity studies, in the frame of data-mining, is to examine and detect similar items in articles, papers, and books with huge sizes. In this paper, we are interested in the probabilistic, and the statistical and the algorithmic aspects in studies of texts. We will be using the approach of k-shinglings, a k-shingling being defined as a sequence of k consecutive characters that are extracted from a text (k ≥ 1). The main stake in this field is to find accurate and quick algorithms to compute the similarity in short times. This will be achieved in using approximation methods. The first approximation method is statistical and, is based on the theorem of Glivenko-Cantelli. The second is the banding technique. And the third concerns a modification of the algorithm proposed by Rajaraman et al. ([1]), denoted here as (RUM). The Jaccard index is the one being used in this paper. We finally illustrate these results of the paper on the four Gospels. The results are very conclusive.
文摘GAPDH is a conserved enzyme that binds diverse proteins, such as Siah during apoptotic nuclear translocation. There is one somatic GAPDH gene, but over 60 pseudogenes, the expression of which is nebulous. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the GAPDHP44 pseudogene exhibits a beneficial allele in AD. The objective of this study was to examine the P44 gene and to propose a mechanism for the putative protein and its impact on AD. We examined the sequences in the putative coding region of the human GAPDHP44 gene and the upstream genetic elements usinga bioinformatics approach. We compared the amino acid sequences of the putative gene product with that of the parent GAPDH protein. There is a TATA box 24 nt upstream from, and a Kozak sequence at, putative transcription and translation start sites, respecttively. The upstream region also has sequences (7 - 16 nt) paralogous to those in parent gene introns;one shows homology to a known enhancer element. The resulting protein would contain 139 aa due to a stop codon, roughly the same size as the dinucleotide domain (151 aa) of the parent protein. The SNP is in a region (residues 80 - 120) that binds to the protein GOSPEL. We propose that the beneficial SNP may cause a glutamine to glutamate substitution. NMDA-stmulated neurons undergo GAPDH nitrosylation, Siah translocation, but can be rescued by GOSPEL binding to GAPDH. Our model suggests that the putative P44 protein may regulate GAPDH-GO-SPEL interaction and the beneficial SNPmay ameliorate AD.
文摘1776年,德国新约学者格黎斯巴赫(Johann Jacob Griesbach)把《马太福音》、《马可福音》、《路加福音》平行排列起来,以便于考察三者之间的异同,并归纳出三者共有的故事大纲,此后三部福音就被合称为"对观福音书"。从叙事角度考虑,"对观福音书"实为同一故事的相似版本——三部作品虽出自不同使徒之手,但记述的内容和次序安排很接近,只是叙述的重点和写作的对象有分别。
文摘"我要开口用比喻,把创世以来所隐藏的事发明出来。"《马太福音》13: 35( 中文和合本)把"列宁"和"基督教福音书"放在一起岂不怪哉? 对一个平素对宗教、基督教神学和《圣经》不屑一顾的人来说,这显得尤为奇怪。然而,仔细阅读列宁的名著《怎么办?》( What Is to Be Done?1902) ①可以发现,福音书其实是这本著作一个延续不断的脉络。具体地说,列宁喜欢耶稣说的一些格言及比喻。
文摘一、问题缘起1972年马库尔德(Friedrich-Wilhelm Marquardt,1928-2002)出版了他的著作《神学与社会主义:以卡尔·巴特为例》(Theologie und Sozialismus:Das Beispiel Karl Barths)。他直言:"早在当今的基督徒与马克思主义者对话之前,巴特在他的神学中已发展出了社会主义内容(sozialistischen Gehalt)。"(1)由此,德语神学界掀起了一场持久不休的激烈争论,并因此而分裂为左翼和右翼巴特神学阵营。
文摘一个新的起点此文旨在通过被新约学者们称为"第五福音书"的《多马福音》(The Gopsel of Thomas)拓展我们对基督教起源的理解视角。正如学者们所知,在这部福音书中,大约有一半的内容都与对观福音书相吻合,然而它却使用了一种独特的方式——语录汇编——来呈现这些大体相似的内容;由此,它被理解为是一种迥然不同的神学类型:智慧神学。这是一部独特的福音书,一部智慧福音,在这部福音书中,耶稣的话语(logoi)处于核心地位。
