This paper argues that the comparative assessment of the market liberalism-dirigisme in different economies should be done based on some specific forms of the government regulation,which are called the model-shaping f...This paper argues that the comparative assessment of the market liberalism-dirigisme in different economies should be done based on some specific forms of the government regulation,which are called the model-shaping forms of government intervention in the economy.For its measurement a composite indicator,called the Index of Leftness(Rightness)of Economy,is introduced.IL(R)E is calculated for 62 countries as a weighted average of six sub-indices.Then,IL(R)E(both the Index in general and each of its sub-indices)is used to identify the dependence of economic growth rates on governments’model-shaping interference in the economy.Cross-country regression analysis shows that an increase in model-shaping government intervention in the economy(indicated by IL(R)E’s change towards one)has a negative impact on economic growth,but different forms of that intervention(measured by individual sub-indices)have different impact.Besides,there is a rather profound difference between the countries with GDP per capita less and more than 30 thousand International dollars.In the second group of countries the impact is less significant.In conclusion the authors hypothesize that the process of moving the economy to the right has a more positive impact on the economic growth than its static(unchanging)proximity to the right pole.展开更多
The governing equations for heat transfer and fluid flow are often formulated in a general formfor the simplification of discretization and programming,which has achieved great success in thermal science and engineeri...The governing equations for heat transfer and fluid flow are often formulated in a general formfor the simplification of discretization and programming,which has achieved great success in thermal science and engineering.Based on the analysis of the popular general form of governing equations,we found that energy conservation cannot be guaranteed when specific heat capacity is not constant,which may lead to unreliable results.A new concept of generalized density is put forward,based on which a new general form of governing equations is proposed to guarantee energy conservation.A number of calculation examples have been employed to verify validation and feasibility.展开更多
文摘This paper argues that the comparative assessment of the market liberalism-dirigisme in different economies should be done based on some specific forms of the government regulation,which are called the model-shaping forms of government intervention in the economy.For its measurement a composite indicator,called the Index of Leftness(Rightness)of Economy,is introduced.IL(R)E is calculated for 62 countries as a weighted average of six sub-indices.Then,IL(R)E(both the Index in general and each of its sub-indices)is used to identify the dependence of economic growth rates on governments’model-shaping interference in the economy.Cross-country regression analysis shows that an increase in model-shaping government intervention in the economy(indicated by IL(R)E’s change towards one)has a negative impact on economic growth,but different forms of that intervention(measured by individual sub-indices)have different impact.Besides,there is a rather profound difference between the countries with GDP per capita less and more than 30 thousand International dollars.In the second group of countries the impact is less significant.In conclusion the authors hypothesize that the process of moving the economy to the right has a more positive impact on the economic growth than its static(unchanging)proximity to the right pole.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51176204 and No.51134006),and the State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering(Xi’an Jiaotong University).
文摘The governing equations for heat transfer and fluid flow are often formulated in a general formfor the simplification of discretization and programming,which has achieved great success in thermal science and engineering.Based on the analysis of the popular general form of governing equations,we found that energy conservation cannot be guaranteed when specific heat capacity is not constant,which may lead to unreliable results.A new concept of generalized density is put forward,based on which a new general form of governing equations is proposed to guarantee energy conservation.A number of calculation examples have been employed to verify validation and feasibility.