GRIN(Gradient Index)介质中的Maxwell方程组与光线光学

利用坡印廷矢量(Poynting vector)的方向就是光线轨迹曲线的切线方向,推出程函方程(Eikonal equation)的矢量式.经分析发现此式包含了光的粒子性与光的波动性因素,光线的传播规律还受介质折射率函数的制约.再由程函方程进一步推得光线方程,并给出了应用实例.

Gradient Index in Wear Debris Image Collection

In order to solve a problem of oil on-line monitoring,this instrument adopts a principium of self-focus lens of Gradient index fiber(GRIN Len)to design optics system and magnetic circuit.For the magnetic circuit,the monitor can catch particle wear debris in oil.And for the optics circuit.GRIN Len can transfer image of debris to apparatus of gather image,e.g,CCD and camera.And the image of debris is transferred to computer for analyzing seize and physiognomy of debris.The character of the monitor is of micro weight,micro volume and curve imaging.And it is directly pluged into oil to catch image of wear particles.

Studies on the Preparation of Polymer Spherical Symmetry GRIN Sphere and Controlling its Gradient Index Distribution

In this paper, a polymer spherical symmetry GRIN sphere lens were prepared by the suspension-diffusion-copolymerization(SDC) technique, selecting methyl methacrylate(MMA) as monomer M1 and acrylic 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester(3FEA) as M2. The radial distribution of refractive index of the lens was measured by the shearing interference method, which demonstrated that the quadratic refractive-index distribution was formed in the sphere lens, and its Δn=0.019.

Signal Efficiency in Gradient Index Lens Based Two Photon Microscopy

Gradient index (GRIN) lenses are often used as an optical relay to a sample at a location that is not accessible for a standard microscope. This capability is turning them into an important enabling technology that extends many optical imaging modalities like harmonic laser scanned imaging with micro endoscopic in vivo capabilities as needed in research and diagnostics. These micro endoscopic imaging variants however rely on the light scattering capability of the underlying tissue. Further complications arise from an increased number of optical interfaces and the overall optical performance of a GRIN rod. We have therefore performed a quantitative comparison of the back-scattered second harmonic generation (SHG) signal intensity generated in skin and low-scattering muscle tissue, both obtained with a standard two photon laser scanning microscope (LSM) and a GRIN lens based LSM. We report that the GRIN lens based system sees approximately 1/4 of the net two photon signal detected by the standard LSM. We expect that this value can be generalized to other LSM techniques enhanced by GRIN technology and encourage its use in experimental situations with standard LSM signal to noise ratios of four or higher.

Corrective Plate With a Gradient Index Media in the Catadioptiric System

In this paper a gradient index media plate is described. The media plate has some properties similar to the Schmidt aspherical corrective plate. In the catadioptiric system,Duncan T. Moors has studied a axial gradient index corrective plate and gave a better result. His plate,in fact,is a zero power plate with two Spherical surfaces of different radius of curvature. However ,my plate is a parallel plate designed forth a shallow radial gradient index media. The spherical aberration of the gradient index corrector with parallel plane ed eliminate the spherical aberration of the spherical primary mirror in the catadioptiric system. In this paper the aberrational correction is analyzed. In the conventional optical systems,this gradient index plate is used to provide the precorrectional quantity of the spherical aberration of the optical lee systems. The refractive index in such a media in the lens systems is given in the same way.

Integrated photonic systems based on transformation optics enabled gradient index devices

Integrated photonics is expected to play an increasingly important role in optical communications,imaging,computing and sensing with the promise for significant reduction in the cost and weight of these systems.Future advancement of this technology is critically dependent on an ability to develop compact and reliable optical components and facilitate their integration on a common substrate.Here we reveal,with the utility of the emerging transformation optics technique,that functional components composed of planar gradient index materials can be designed and readily integrated into photonic circuits.The unprecedented design flexibility of transformation optics allows for the creation of a number of novel devices,such as a light source collimator,waveguide adapters and a waveguide crossing,which have broad applications in integrated photonic chips and are compatible with current fabrication technology.Using the finite-difference time-domain method,we perform full-wave numerical simulations to demonstrate their superior optical performance and efficient integration with other components in an on-chip photonic system.These components only require spatially-varying dielectric materials with no magnetic properties,facilitating low-loss,broadband operation in an integrated photonic environment.

An acoustic Maxwell's fish-eye lens based on gradient-index metamaterials

We have proposed a two-dimensional acoustic Maxwell’s fish-eye lens by using the gradient-index metamaterials with space-coiling units. By adjusting the structural parameters of the units, the refractive index can be gradually varied, which is key role to design the acoustic fish-eye lens. As predicted by ray trajectories on a virtual sphere, the proposed lens has the capability to focus the acoustic wave irradiated from a point source at the surface of the lens on the diametrically opposite side of the lens. The broadband and low loss performance is further demonstrated for the lens. The proposed acoustic fish-eye lens is expected to have the potential applications in directional acoustic coupler or coherent ultrasonic imaging.

Asymmetric transmission of acoustic waves in a waveguide via gradient index metamaterials

We demonstrate that asymmetric acoustic wave transmission in a waveguide can be achieved via gradient index metamaterials(GIMs). We theoretically prove that the acoustic wave can be efficiently converted to surface waves(SWs) via GIMs. The GIMs in a waveguide can allow the transmission of acoustic waves in one direction but block them in the other direction. This theory is validated by experiments. Our findings may provide new applications in various scenarios such as high-efficiency acoustic couplers and noise control.

Controlling an acoustic wave with a cylindrically-symmetric gradient-index system

We present a detailed theoretical description of wave propagation in an acoustic gradient-index system with cylindrical symmetry and demonstrate its potential to numerically control acoustic waves in different ways.The trajectory of an acoustic wave within the system is derived by employing the theory of geometric acoustics,and the validity of the theoretical descriptions is verified numerically by using the finite element method simulation.The results show that by tailoring the distribution function of the refractive index,the proposed system can yield a tunable manipulation of acoustic waves,such as acoustic bending,trapping,and absorbing.

A Study on Gradient Refractive Index Polymer Rods——Mechanism of Diffusion-Copolymerization of Diallyl Phthalate-Methyl Methacrylate

The gel rod, partially polymerized DAP (diallyl phthalate), is immersed in MMA (methyl methacrylate) solution, followed by heat-treatment to yield the GRIN (gradient ref- ractive index) rod. A three-stage mechanism of diffusion-copolymerization process is propo- sed, giving an interpretation to the formation of cracks that are brought about in large-dia- meter GRIN rods.

Numerical simulation of a gradient-index fibre probe and its properties of light propagation

In order to verify the properties of the light propagating through a gradient-index （GRIN） fibre probe for optical coherence tomography （OCT）, numerical simulation using the optical software GLAD is carried out. Firstly, the model of the GRIN fibre probe is presented, which is consisted of a single mode fibre （SMF）, a no-core fibre （NCF）, a GRIN fibre lens and an air path. Then, the software GLAD is adopted to numerically investigate how the lengths of the NCF and the GRIN fibre lens influence the performance of the Gaussian beam focusing through the GRIN fibre probe. The simulation results are well consistent with the experimental ones, showing that the GLAD based numerical simulation technique is an intuitive and effective tool for the verification of the properties of the light propagation. In this paper, we find that on the conditions of a constant GRIN fibre lens length of 0.1 mm and an NCF length of 0.36 mm, the working distance of the probe will be 0.75 mm and the focus spot size is 32 μm.

Derivation of General Formula for Coupling Loss of Single-mode Fiber Collimators with Gradient-index Rod Lenses

Gradient-index rod lens (GRIN-lens) whose pitch is ordinary value with bevel ferrule coupling system is analyzed, an equivalent method which can be used to analyze this system is put forward, and a general formula for determining the coupling loss with axes mismatch, radial mismatch, and angular mismatch is derived by use of the Gaussian field approximation and mode-field coupling theory. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory prediction. It indicates that these formulas are suitable to analyze the gradient-index rod lens coupling system with pigtail fiber.

Aplanatic and Telescopic Lens with a Radial Gradient of Refraction Index

It is shown that aplanatic lens with a radial gradient of refraction index is simultaneously a telescopic lens, notably not only for an axial beam, but also for an off axis parallel beam. Consideration is carried out by an algebraic way on the basis of regularities of ray paths. It is also shown that aplanatic and telescopic properties of the lens are independent of the refracting surface shapes. Various versions of lens performance are shown below.

草状氧化铝微结构渐变折射率的计算及实验研究

针对草状氧化铝的微纳结构对折射率的影响,采用台体计算法与柱体计算法计算氧化铝的体积,使用Clausius-Mossotti方程式与MATLAB软件拟合计算微纳结构的折射率变化,使用TFC软件进行拟合,最终计算出草状氧化铝的渐变折射率,研究其微结构的形貌特征及渐变折射率的分布,计算其可见光减反射性能。采用电子束沉积氧化铝薄膜,通过对沉积温度、水煮工艺等参数的优化,获得了不同结构的草状氧化铝纳米薄膜,制备了可见光波段420~680 nm的减反射薄膜。

精液优化处理后DNA碎片指数与IVF-ET胚胎质量及妊娠结局的关系

目的:评估经密度梯度离心联合上游法优化处理后的精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)与辅助生殖体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)胚胎质量及妊娠结局的关系。方法:回顾性分析2022年4月至12月在郑州大学第一附属医院生殖医学中心因单纯输卵管因素行IVF-ET的257个周期,比较男方精液优化前后精液参数和精子DFI;按优化后精子DFI将其分为高DFI组(DFI>5)与低DFI组(DFI≤5),比较两组的胚胎发育及妊娠结局;根据临床妊娠情况分为妊娠组与非妊娠组、持续妊娠组及早期流产组,比较精子DFI情况。结果:与处理前相比,精液优化处理后前向运动精子及正常形态精子百分比提高,精子DFI下降(P<0.001)。精子优化处理后高DFI组的早期流产率高于低DFI组(P<0.05)。105例临床妊娠周期中早期流产组精液优化处理前、后DFI均高于持续妊娠组(P<0.05)。结论:密度梯度离心联合上游优化处理是一种有效的精液制备方法,可提高精子前向运动能力和正常形态精子比例,降低精子DFI;优化后精子高DFI可能增加临床妊娠后早期流产的风险。

基于地形梯度的青藏高原冰川分布格局及成因

目前,冰川分布与变化的影响机理还存在不确定机制。为探究地形因子对冰川分布格局的影响,本文以第6版Randolph冰川编目数据和NASADEM为数据源,运用均值变点法、分布指数和地理探测器等方法,对青藏高原冰川在地形起伏度、海拔、坡度和坡向等地形梯度上的分布格局及其与地形因子之间的响应关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)青藏高原冰川对坡向、坡度的适宜性较广,对地形起伏度、海拔的选择性较强,且在高地形起伏度、高海拔上呈现优势分布。(2)地形对冰川发育影响较大,各地形因子对冰川空间分布的影响显著不同。海拔和地形起伏度是控制冰川分布的主要因素,且交互探测结果表明二者共同作用对冰川空间分异性影响最大。(3)在海拔和地形起伏度梯度上,喜马拉雅山脉冰川优势分布范围最广,其次是喀喇昆仑山脉,其余10座山脉冰川的优势分布均呈近似正态分布,但不同山脉形态各异。

云南红河流域土地利用变化的地形梯度效应及其功能分区

明确土地利用情况及其地形梯度分布格局,并进行功能分区,是云南红河流域土地资源可持续利用和土地利用规划优化调整的基础.基于RS和GIS技术,使用地形分布指数、地形位指数方法系统分析了2000、2010年和2020年云南红河流域土地利用变化在高程、坡度和地形位梯度上的时空分异特征,并基于分析结果开展了云南红河流域土地利用功能区划分.结果表明:(1)林地(56.46%)和耕地(29.34%)是云南红河流域主要的土地利用类型,其次是草地(6.93%)和灌木地(6.17%),而湿地、水体和人造地表所占面积比例均不到1%.2000—2020年云南红河流域耕地和人造地表面积扩张明显,而林地持续减少,存在林地被侵占的现象;(2)云南红河流域土地利用类型分布呈现明显的地形梯度特征.耕地、人造地表受到高地形位开发难度的限制,优势位处于中低地形位的河谷、山腰区域,湿地、水体高度汇集在低地形位,草地、灌木地在中低地形位较为集中,林地则广泛分布于中高地形位;(3)基于土地利用地形分异规律,将云南红河流域划分为4个土地利用功能区,即河谷集约发展区、陡坡综合治理区、高山潜在开发区和山顶生态调控区.

基于GBDT算法的基桩竖向承载力预测方法

目的为研究支撑-半刚接钢框架结构体系的抗震性能,方法设计了一榀由嵌套式单边螺栓与T型钢构成的半刚性梁柱节点的中心支撑钢框架,并进行了拟静力试验与有限元数值模拟,通过观测整个试验现象,分析了其滞回、承载力、刚度退化、耗能等抗震指标。结果结果表明:试件破坏过程明显经历了弹性段、塑性段、破坏段三个阶段,试件破坏模式主要为支撑受压失稳破坏,塑性变形主要累积在支撑体系上,整体呈现延性破坏特征;支撑断裂后,梁柱及T型钢节点无明显塑性变形,钢框架仍具有较高的安全储备,符合“强节点、弱构件”设计原则,表明了结构具有两道抗震防线;结论支撑与半刚接钢框架协同工作使得试件具有较高的抗侧刚度抵抗水平变形,且承载力较高、滞回性能稳定、耗能能力优良;单边螺栓在试验过程中的受力性能较普通高强螺栓并无较大差别,未出现严重的预紧力松弛现象,并能高效的保持螺栓预紧力。通过有限元数值模拟分析可知,减小支撑长细比,虽能有效提高结构的抗震性能,但长细比较小会导致支撑刚度增大,加速其余构件的损坏。故应以考虑结构的延性为前提,降低支撑的长细比,才能有效提高结构的抗震性能。

不同地形梯度下秦巴山区乡村振兴潜力及发展路径

我国山地丘陵地区在空间上相对孤立,乡村发展受到阻碍。开展不同地形梯度下乡村振兴潜力及发展路径研究,旨在为山区因地制宜推进乡村振兴提供理论与科学依据。基于陕南秦巴山区地形差异开展典型村域调研,构建评价指标体系测度乡村振兴潜力,结合相关性与障碍度模型,辨识不同地形梯度下乡村振兴的障碍因素,提出差异化发展建议。结果表明:①各地形梯度下乡村振兴综合潜力由大到小依次为低地形梯度、中低地形梯度、高地形梯度、中高地形梯度,地形梯度与秦巴山区乡村振兴综合潜力及区位条件、基础设施潜力成显著负相关关系;②随着地形梯度的上升,秦巴山区乡村主体、产业发展、人居环境、区位条件、基础设施潜力整体上呈减小趋势,资源禀赋潜力先减小后增大;③不同地形梯度下秦巴山区乡村振兴各维度潜力大小及其障碍因子皆存在明显差异。为优化山区乡村发展模式、全面推进乡村振兴,建议低地形梯度村庄重点防止人口、耕地等农业生产要素流失,中低地形梯度村庄优化基层组织、提升引领能力,中高梯度村庄加强基础设施建设、改善人居环境,高地形梯度村庄充分保护并合理利用林地资源,发展特色产业。

塔里木河中、下游胡杨林种内竞争对比研究

为探究塔里木河中、下游胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)种内竞争差异及其对水分梯度的响应规律,以塔里木河下游阿拉干断面以及中游国家自然保护区胡杨种群为研究对象,在每个区域分别选取3条样带,每条样带依照水分梯度布设3个样方,共18个样方,利用Hegyi单木竞争模型探究塔里木河中、下游水分梯度下胡杨林种内竞争变化特征.结果表明:1)塔里木河中游胡杨最适竞争范围为8 m,下游最适竞争范围为10 m;2)胡杨竞争指数与胸径服从幂函数关系(P<0.001),胡杨竞争指数随对象木胸径的增加而逐渐减小,当胡杨胸径在塔里木河下游达20 cm以上、中游达30cm以上时,胡杨竞争指数逐渐稳定;3)随水分梯度的降低胡杨种群竞争指数呈下降趋势,且塔里木河中游的胡杨竞争压力高于下游的胡杨.立地水文条件是控制塔里木河流域胡杨竞争强度的决定性因子;在胡杨林分管理中,应充分考虑胡杨种内竞争与水分梯度之间的关系.