Introduction: Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a cause of frequent inpatient and outpatient care visits whose causative agents are associated with a high antimicrobial resistance burden. For insig...Introduction: Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a cause of frequent inpatient and outpatient care visits whose causative agents are associated with a high antimicrobial resistance burden. For insights on antimicrobial susceptibilities in a rural setting, we examined specimens from suspected SSTIs from two public health facilities in Kenya. We additionally assessed antibiotic use, appropriateness of empiric therapy and risk factors for SSTI. Methodology: Between 2021 and 2023, 265 patients at Kisii and Nyamira County Referral hospitals were enrolled. Wound swabs/aspirates were collected and processed following standard microbiological procedures. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed using the VITEK 2 Compact platform. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were analyzed with R Statistical software. Results: S. aureus was isolated in 16.2% (43/265) of patients with a methicillin resistance (MRSA) proportion of 14% (6/43). While 13/15 drugs elicited susceptibilities ranging from 84% - 100%, penicillin (16%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SXT] (23%) yielded the lowest susceptibilities. Escherichia coli (n = 33), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 8), and Citrobacter species (n = 4) were the most commonly isolated gram-negative species. Gram-negative strains showed high susceptibilities to most of the tested drugs (71% - 100%) with the exception of ampicillin (18%), TMP-SXT (33%), and first and second generation cephalosporins. Conclusions: The low MRSA prevalence and generally high antibiotic susceptibilities for S. aureus and gram-negative bacteria present opportunities for antibiotic stewardship in the study setting. Diminished susceptibilities against penicillin/ampicillin and TMP-SXT accord with prevailing local data and add a layer of evidence for their cautious empiric use.展开更多
The genus Vagococcus was first described by Collinsetal.and initially consisted of a single species,V.fluvialis.This species was isolated from chicken feces and river water and first described by Hashimoto et al.[1,2]...The genus Vagococcus was first described by Collinsetal.and initially consisted of a single species,V.fluvialis.This species was isolated from chicken feces and river water and first described by Hashimoto et al.[1,2].Teixeira et al.isolated V.fluvialis from human blood and peritoneal fluid,suggesting that it poses a potential threat to human health[3].展开更多
Objective:To gather the fragmented literature on ethnobotany,phytochemistry and in-vitro activities of medicinal plants of Pakistan being used against common infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).Method...Objective:To gather the fragmented literature on ethnobotany,phytochemistry and in-vitro activities of medicinal plants of Pakistan being used against common infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).Methods:A large number of published and unpublished research studies related to the ethnomedicinal,phytochemical and anti-S.aureus activity of medicinal flora of Pakistan published from 1990-2018 were reviewed using online bibliographic databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,Science Direct,ResearchGate and libraries.Results:S.aureus can cause many human ailments including endocarditis,staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome,septic arthritis,respiratory problems with an estimated infection rate of 25%-35%across the globe.This review comprised of 86 medicinal plants.Data showed that people mostly used leaves(50%)for the preparation of traditional medicines.Correlation analysis on the reviewed data revealed that methanolic extract concentrations of medicinal plants was highly significantly positive correlated(r=0.8;P<0.01)with the S.aureus zone of inhibitions.S.aureus reportedly showed complete resistant to the commonly used antibiotic erythromycin.Isolated compounds like altheahexacosanyl lactone,cinnamaldehyde,niloticane,gobicusin A,asparacosin A,muzanzagenin,isoagatharesinol,friedelin,inophynone and eugenol were active against S.aureus.This study provided in-vitro proof for the flora of Pakistan used against different infections caused by S.aureus.Conclusions:Antibacterial agents from natural sources could be more effective against bacterial pathogens and will be helpful in minimizing the adverse effects of synthetic drugs,and hence provides a base for the pharmaceutical industries.展开更多
AIM: To generate DNA-aptamers binding to Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).METHODS: The Cell-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment(SELEX) technology was used to run the selection aga...AIM: To generate DNA-aptamers binding to Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).METHODS: The Cell-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment(SELEX) technology was used to run the selection against MRSA bacteria and develop target-specific aptamers. MRSA bacteria were targeted while Enterococcus faecalis bacteria were used for counter selection during that process. Binding assays to determine the right aptamer candidates as well as binding assays on clinical samples were performed through flow cytometry and analyzed using the FlowJ o software. The characterization of the aptamers was done by determination of their Kd values and determined by analysis of flow data at different aptamer concentration using Sigma Plot. Finally, the recognitionof the complex Gold-nanoparticle-aptamer to the bacteria cells was observed using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).RESULTS: During the cell-SELEX selection process, 17 rounds were necessary to generate enrichment of the pool. While the selection was run using fixed cells, it was shown that the binding of the pools with live cells was giving similar results. After sequencing and analysis of the two last pools, four sequences were identified to be aptamer candidates. The characterization of those aptamers showed that based on their Kd values, DTMRSA4 presented the best binding with a Kd value of 94.61 ± 18.82 nmol/L. A total of ten clinical samples of MRSA, S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were obtained to test those aptamers and determine their binding on a panel of samples. DTMRSA1 and DTMRSA3 showed the best results regarding their specificity to MRSA, DTMRSA1 being the most specific of all. Finally, those aptamers were coupled with gold-nanoparticle and their binding to MRSA cells was visualized through TEM showing that adduction of nanoparticles on the aptamers did not change their binding property.CONCLUSION: A total of four aptamers that bind to MRSA were obtained with Kd values ranking from 94 to 200 nmol/L.展开更多
In this work, we evaluated biofilm formation of Vancomycin Resistant of E. faecalis and E. faecium (VRE) in different culture media and adhesion substrate, as well as cellular hydrophobicity and presence of virulence ...In this work, we evaluated biofilm formation of Vancomycin Resistant of E. faecalis and E. faecium (VRE) in different culture media and adhesion substrate, as well as cellular hydrophobicity and presence of virulence genes. For this, 35 isolates were collected from a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil and identified by the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time-of-flight - Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) technique. Biofilm formation was analyzed by the Crystal Violet (CV) method and fluorescence microscopy, cellular hydrophobicity by hydrocarbon interaction and the presence of gelE, esp and asa1 genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). 12 isolates were identified as E. faecalis and 23 as E. faecium. Most were obtained in Coronary Units (40.0%) and Intensive Care Unit (31.4%). E. faecium isolates were more resistant to the antibiotics tested than E. faecalis;however, E. faecalis stood out as a biofilm producer. Regarding the presence and gene frequency, it was observed that gelE (54.3%) and esp (54.3%) were the most prevalent, followed by asa1 (22.9%). When comparing the gene frequency, it was observed that gelE and esp were predominant (48.6% for both species), while asa1 was more frequent in E. faecalis (20.0%). The data presented here are worrying, because they reveal the virulence potential of isolates VRE, which contributes to the dissemination and persistence of these pathogens in the hospital environment.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> This was a retrospective study to evaluate the clinical impact of bacteremia due to <em>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</em> and identify which factors influence it. &l...<strong>Objective:</strong> This was a retrospective study to evaluate the clinical impact of bacteremia due to <em>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</em> and identify which factors influence it. <strong>Methods:</strong> We reviewed all patients with bacteremia due to<em> S. saprophyticus</em> over the last 12 years. This study was performed at Jichi Medical University Hospital in Japan, a key hospital in the northern Kanto area including Tochigi, Gunma, Ibagagi, and northern Saitama prefectures. We retrospectively reviewed the blood culture results and medical records of all patients with a history of visits or hospitalizations between April 2008 and September 2020. <strong>Results:</strong> During the study period, 4 blood culture specimens were considered to have <em>S. saprophyticus</em> bacteremia. Two of these were from subjects > 60 years old who had severe infection. A third case, 27 years old, was thought to have a catheter-related bloodstream infection;however, the only symptom was fever, which was not serious. The fourth case, a previously unreported pediatric patient, had non-severe fever. The mean time for a diagnosis of bacteremia by blood culture testing was 42 hours, whereas contamination appeared in cultures after another 50 hours. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The pathogenicity of <em>S. saprophyticus</em> might be lower in the blood than in the urine due to its physiological function and activity. In older adults with underlying diseases, the severity of bacteremia was more pronounced, whereas in a young adult and a child, the disease was relatively mild. Age and underlying disease might be useful factors to consider when diagnosing bacteremia due to <em>S. saprophyticus</em>.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a cause of frequent inpatient and outpatient care visits whose causative agents are associated with a high antimicrobial resistance burden. For insights on antimicrobial susceptibilities in a rural setting, we examined specimens from suspected SSTIs from two public health facilities in Kenya. We additionally assessed antibiotic use, appropriateness of empiric therapy and risk factors for SSTI. Methodology: Between 2021 and 2023, 265 patients at Kisii and Nyamira County Referral hospitals were enrolled. Wound swabs/aspirates were collected and processed following standard microbiological procedures. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed using the VITEK 2 Compact platform. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were analyzed with R Statistical software. Results: S. aureus was isolated in 16.2% (43/265) of patients with a methicillin resistance (MRSA) proportion of 14% (6/43). While 13/15 drugs elicited susceptibilities ranging from 84% - 100%, penicillin (16%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SXT] (23%) yielded the lowest susceptibilities. Escherichia coli (n = 33), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 8), and Citrobacter species (n = 4) were the most commonly isolated gram-negative species. Gram-negative strains showed high susceptibilities to most of the tested drugs (71% - 100%) with the exception of ampicillin (18%), TMP-SXT (33%), and first and second generation cephalosporins. Conclusions: The low MRSA prevalence and generally high antibiotic susceptibilities for S. aureus and gram-negative bacteria present opportunities for antibiotic stewardship in the study setting. Diminished susceptibilities against penicillin/ampicillin and TMP-SXT accord with prevailing local data and add a layer of evidence for their cautious empiric use.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.81671985]National Science and Technology Major Project of China 2018ZX10712001-007+2 种基金Science Foundation for the State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of China[Grant number 2019SKLID403]Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen[SZSM201811071]Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province[No.2020KY400 and No.2021KY441]。
文摘The genus Vagococcus was first described by Collinsetal.and initially consisted of a single species,V.fluvialis.This species was isolated from chicken feces and river water and first described by Hashimoto et al.[1,2].Teixeira et al.isolated V.fluvialis from human blood and peritoneal fluid,suggesting that it poses a potential threat to human health[3].
文摘Objective:To gather the fragmented literature on ethnobotany,phytochemistry and in-vitro activities of medicinal plants of Pakistan being used against common infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).Methods:A large number of published and unpublished research studies related to the ethnomedicinal,phytochemical and anti-S.aureus activity of medicinal flora of Pakistan published from 1990-2018 were reviewed using online bibliographic databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,Science Direct,ResearchGate and libraries.Results:S.aureus can cause many human ailments including endocarditis,staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome,septic arthritis,respiratory problems with an estimated infection rate of 25%-35%across the globe.This review comprised of 86 medicinal plants.Data showed that people mostly used leaves(50%)for the preparation of traditional medicines.Correlation analysis on the reviewed data revealed that methanolic extract concentrations of medicinal plants was highly significantly positive correlated(r=0.8;P<0.01)with the S.aureus zone of inhibitions.S.aureus reportedly showed complete resistant to the commonly used antibiotic erythromycin.Isolated compounds like altheahexacosanyl lactone,cinnamaldehyde,niloticane,gobicusin A,asparacosin A,muzanzagenin,isoagatharesinol,friedelin,inophynone and eugenol were active against S.aureus.This study provided in-vitro proof for the flora of Pakistan used against different infections caused by S.aureus.Conclusions:Antibacterial agents from natural sources could be more effective against bacterial pathogens and will be helpful in minimizing the adverse effects of synthetic drugs,and hence provides a base for the pharmaceutical industries.
文摘AIM: To generate DNA-aptamers binding to Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).METHODS: The Cell-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment(SELEX) technology was used to run the selection against MRSA bacteria and develop target-specific aptamers. MRSA bacteria were targeted while Enterococcus faecalis bacteria were used for counter selection during that process. Binding assays to determine the right aptamer candidates as well as binding assays on clinical samples were performed through flow cytometry and analyzed using the FlowJ o software. The characterization of the aptamers was done by determination of their Kd values and determined by analysis of flow data at different aptamer concentration using Sigma Plot. Finally, the recognitionof the complex Gold-nanoparticle-aptamer to the bacteria cells was observed using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).RESULTS: During the cell-SELEX selection process, 17 rounds were necessary to generate enrichment of the pool. While the selection was run using fixed cells, it was shown that the binding of the pools with live cells was giving similar results. After sequencing and analysis of the two last pools, four sequences were identified to be aptamer candidates. The characterization of those aptamers showed that based on their Kd values, DTMRSA4 presented the best binding with a Kd value of 94.61 ± 18.82 nmol/L. A total of ten clinical samples of MRSA, S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were obtained to test those aptamers and determine their binding on a panel of samples. DTMRSA1 and DTMRSA3 showed the best results regarding their specificity to MRSA, DTMRSA1 being the most specific of all. Finally, those aptamers were coupled with gold-nanoparticle and their binding to MRSA cells was visualized through TEM showing that adduction of nanoparticles on the aptamers did not change their binding property.CONCLUSION: A total of four aptamers that bind to MRSA were obtained with Kd values ranking from 94 to 200 nmol/L.
文摘In this work, we evaluated biofilm formation of Vancomycin Resistant of E. faecalis and E. faecium (VRE) in different culture media and adhesion substrate, as well as cellular hydrophobicity and presence of virulence genes. For this, 35 isolates were collected from a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil and identified by the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time-of-flight - Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) technique. Biofilm formation was analyzed by the Crystal Violet (CV) method and fluorescence microscopy, cellular hydrophobicity by hydrocarbon interaction and the presence of gelE, esp and asa1 genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). 12 isolates were identified as E. faecalis and 23 as E. faecium. Most were obtained in Coronary Units (40.0%) and Intensive Care Unit (31.4%). E. faecium isolates were more resistant to the antibiotics tested than E. faecalis;however, E. faecalis stood out as a biofilm producer. Regarding the presence and gene frequency, it was observed that gelE (54.3%) and esp (54.3%) were the most prevalent, followed by asa1 (22.9%). When comparing the gene frequency, it was observed that gelE and esp were predominant (48.6% for both species), while asa1 was more frequent in E. faecalis (20.0%). The data presented here are worrying, because they reveal the virulence potential of isolates VRE, which contributes to the dissemination and persistence of these pathogens in the hospital environment.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> This was a retrospective study to evaluate the clinical impact of bacteremia due to <em>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</em> and identify which factors influence it. <strong>Methods:</strong> We reviewed all patients with bacteremia due to<em> S. saprophyticus</em> over the last 12 years. This study was performed at Jichi Medical University Hospital in Japan, a key hospital in the northern Kanto area including Tochigi, Gunma, Ibagagi, and northern Saitama prefectures. We retrospectively reviewed the blood culture results and medical records of all patients with a history of visits or hospitalizations between April 2008 and September 2020. <strong>Results:</strong> During the study period, 4 blood culture specimens were considered to have <em>S. saprophyticus</em> bacteremia. Two of these were from subjects > 60 years old who had severe infection. A third case, 27 years old, was thought to have a catheter-related bloodstream infection;however, the only symptom was fever, which was not serious. The fourth case, a previously unreported pediatric patient, had non-severe fever. The mean time for a diagnosis of bacteremia by blood culture testing was 42 hours, whereas contamination appeared in cultures after another 50 hours. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The pathogenicity of <em>S. saprophyticus</em> might be lower in the blood than in the urine due to its physiological function and activity. In older adults with underlying diseases, the severity of bacteremia was more pronounced, whereas in a young adult and a child, the disease was relatively mild. Age and underlying disease might be useful factors to consider when diagnosing bacteremia due to <em>S. saprophyticus</em>.
